Evaluation of antidiabetic potential of Hibiscus rosa sinensis on streptozotocin-induced diabetes on Wistar albino rats
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Abstract
The chronic metabolic disease known as diabetes mellitus causes hyperglycemia in the body. Antioxidant and antidiabetic qualities are well-known benefits of Hibiscus rosa sinensis (HRS). In this work, diabetic Wistar albino rats were used to assess the antidiabetic properties of HRS flower extract. A total of 18 animals were taken and divided into three groups (n = 6) – (Group 1): Normal control group, (Group 2): Diabetic control group, (Group 3): Diabetic group treated with a 125 mg/kg dose of HRS flower extract. Group 2 animals showed a progressive decrease in body weight, while Group 1 animals showed a considerable gain in body weight. After overcoming the weight loss, Group 3 animals also showed an increase in body weight that was similar to Group 1. Group 2 animals had blood glucose levels higher than 400 mg/dL, but Group 1 animals had blood glucose levels below 200 mg/dL throughout the experiment. Group 3 animals first had glucose levels higher than 350 mg/dL and then lower than 200 mg/dL, comparable to Group 1 animals. Upon histological examination, the pancreatic islets of Group 2 animals showed vacuolation, necrosis, and degeneration. The animals in Group 3 displayed regenerated islets of Langerhans and enhanced pancreatic anatomy. The animals in Group 3 also returned to normal in terms of body weight and blood glucose levels, similar to those in Group 1. These findings show that Hibiscus rosa sinensis has potential as an alternative diabetic treatment; further research is needed to fully understand its modes of action and long-term effects.
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Keywords
Diabetes, Glucose, Hibiscus rosa sinensis, Histology, Pancreas
References
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Al-Snafi, A. E. (2018). Chemical constituents, pharmacological effects and therapeutic importance of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis-A review. IOSR J Pharm, 8(7), 101-119.
Ansari, P., Azam, S., Hannan, J. M. A., Flatt, P. R. & Wahab, Y. H. A. (2020). Anti-hyperglycaemic activity of H. rosa-sinensis leaves is partly mediated by inhibition of carbohydrate digestion and absorption, and enhancement of insulin secretion. J Ethnopharmacol, 253, 112647. 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112647
Budin, S. B., Rahman, W. Z. A., Jubaidi, F. F., Yusof, N. L. M, Taib, I. S. & Zainalabidin, S. (2018). Roselle (Hibiscus sabdiriffa) polyphenol-rich extract prevents testicular damage of diabetic rats. J Appl Pharm Sci, 8(2), 065-070. 10.7324/JAPS.2018.8210
Darenskaya, M. A., Kolesnikova, L. I. & Kolesnikov, S. I. (2021). Oxidative stress: pathogenetic role in diabetes mellitus and its complications and therapeutic approaches to correction. Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine, 171(2), 179-189. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10517-021-05191-7
Eguchi, N., Vaziri, N. D., Dafoe, D. C. & Ichii, H. (2021). The role of oxidative stress in pancreatic β cell dysfunction in diabetes. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(4), 1509. 10.3390/ijms22041509
Ghosh, A. & Dutta, A. (2017). Antidiabetic effects of ethanolic flower extract of Hibiscus rosa sinensis(L) on alloxan induced diabetes in hyperlipidaemic experimental Wister rats (WNIN). International Journal of Engineering Development and Research, 5(4), 674-679.
Goycheva, P., Gadjeva, V. & Popov, B. (2006). Mini-review oxidative stress and its complications in diabetes. Trakia J Sci, 4(1), 1-8.
Kalpana, V. N. S., Mary, J., Mini, S., Soumya, N. P. P. & Mondal, S. (2021). Hibiscus rosa sinensis L. anthocyanins prevent lipid peroxidation and improve antioxidant status in the liver of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Bioactive Compounds in Health and Disease, 4(10), 240-255. 10.31989/bchd.v4i10.842
Khin, P. P., Lee, J. H. & Jun, H. S. (2023). Pancreatic Beta-cell Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes. European Journal of Inflammation, 21, 1721727X231154152. https://doi.org/10.1177/1721727X231154152
Kumar, V., Mahdi, F., Khanna, A. K., Singh, R., Chander, R., Saxena, J. K., Mahdi, A. A. & Singh, R. K. (2013). Antidyslipidemic and antioxidant activities of Hibiscus rosa sinensis root extract in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Indian J Clin Biochem, 28 (1), 46–50. 10.1007/s12291-012-0223-x
Lina, H. Z., Samy, M. M., Samir, A. B., Fatma, A. M., Kawther, M. T. & Abdelaaty, A. S. (2017). Hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. leaves extract on liver and kidney damage in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Afr. J. Pharm. Pharmacol, 11(13), 161-169. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJPP2017.4764
Loganathan, C., Ameen, F., Sakayanathan, P., Islam, M. A. & Thayumanavan, P. (2024). Exploring the interaction of phytochemicals from Hibiscus rosa-sinensis flowers with glucosidase and acetylcholinesterase: An integrated in vitro and in silico approach. Computational Biology and Chemistry, 108, 107996. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2023.107996
Missoum, A. (2018). An update review on Hibiscus rosa sinensis phytochemistry and medicinal uses. Journal of Ayurvedic and Herbal Medicine, 4(3), 135-146.
Moqbel, F. S., Naik, P. R., Najma, H. M. & Selvaraj, S. (2011). Antidiabetic properties of Hibiscus rosa sinensis L. leaf extract fractions on non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse. Indian J Exp Biol, 49(1), 24-9.
Noor, A., Gunasekaran, S. & Vijayalakshmi, M. A. (2017). Improvement of insulin secretion and pancreatic β-cell function in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats treated with Aloe vera extract. Pharmacognosy research, 9(1), S99. 10.4103/pr.pr_75_17
Patil, J. S., Naikawadi, A. A., Moharir, G. & Bharatha, A. (2020). Effect of Glucose Tolerance Factor (GTF) on lipid profile, blood glucose levels, and food intake in streptozotocin-Induced diabetes in rats. Maedica, 15(2), 238. 10.26574/maedica.2020.15.2.238
Pethe, M., Yelwatkar, S., Manchalwar, S. & Gujar, V. (2017). Evaluation of biological effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Hibiscus rosa sinensis flowers on alloxan induced diabetes in rats. Drug Res, 67(8), 485-492. 10.1055/s-0043-109434
Pillai, S. S. & Mini, S. (2016). Hibiscus rosa sinensis Linn. petals modulates glycogen metabolism and glucose homeostasis signalling pathway in streptozotocin-induced experimental diabetes. Plant Foods Hum Nutr, 71(1), 42-48. 10.1007/s10529-020-02908-y
Punithavathi, V. R., Anuthama, R. & Prince, P. S. M. (2008). Combined treatment with naringin and vitamin C ameliorates streptozotocin‐induced diabetes in male Wistar rats. Journal of Applied Toxicology: An International Journal, 28(6), 806-813. 10.1002/jat.1343
Raj, A., Priyanka, Madan, P., Chauhan, K. & Rani, S. (2022). Comparative study to check the success rate of induction of type-1 diabetes with streptozotocin in albino rats. CIBTech Journal of Zoology, 11, 54-62.
Raj, A., Shuklan, P., Madan, P., Chauhan, K., Phogat, J. & Rani, S. (2023). Comparative attenuating impact of camel milk and insulin in streptozotocin-induced diabetic albino rats. ACS Omega, 8(32), 29270-29280. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.3c02626
Robertson, R. P. (2004). Chronic oxidative stress as a central mechanism for glucose toxicity in pancreatic islet beta cells in diabetes. J Biol Chem, 279(41), 42351-42354. 10.1074/jbc.R400019200
Sabry, D., Marzouk, S., Zakaria, R., Ibrahim, H. A. & Samir, M. (2020). The effect of exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of induced type 1 diabetes mellitus in rats. Biotechnol Lett, 42(8), 1597-1610. 10.1007/s10529-020-02908-y
Saeedi, P., Petersohn, I., Salpea, P., Malanda, B., Karuranga, S., Unwin, N., ... & IDF Diabetes Atlas Committee. (2019). Global and regional diabetes prevalence estimates for 2019 and projections for 2030 and 2045: Results from the International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas. Diabetes research and clinical practice, 157, 107843. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2019.107843
Sankaran, M. & Vadivel, A. (2011). Antioxidant and antidiabetic effect of Hibiscus rosa sinensis flower extract on streptozotocin induced experimental rats-a dose response study. Not Sci Biol, 3(4), 13-21. https://doi.org/10.15835/nsb346348
Venkatesh, S. & Thilagavathi, J. (2008). Antidiabetic activity of flowers of Hibiscus rosasinensis. Fitoterapia 79(2), 79-81. 10.1016/j.fitote.2007.06.015.
Venkatesan, K., Paulsamy, P., Natarajan, R., Krishnaraju, K., Venkatesan, S. S. A. K., Vasudevan, R., ... & Khan, N. A. (2021). Wound Healing Potential of Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis on Dead Space Wound in Diabetic Rats. IAR Journal of Pharmacy, 2(4). 10.47310/iarjp.2021.v02i04.003
Viado, A. E., Purnamasari, L. & dela Cruz, J. F. (2022). Antidiabetic effects of Hibiscus spp. extract in rat and mice models: a review. Indonesian J Nutr., 11(1), 39-48. https://doi.org/10.14710/jgi.11.1.39-48
Vimala, H., Naik, P. R. & Chandavar, V. R. (2008). Insulin-secreting activity of Hibiscus rosa sinensis Linn, leaf extract in diabetes-induced Wistar rat. The Bioscan, 3, 293.
Zaki, L. H., Mohamed, S. M., Bashandy, S. A., Morsy, F. A., Tawfik, K. M. & Shahat, A. A. (2017). Hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. leaves extract on liver and kidney damage in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 11(13), 161-169. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJPP2017.4764
Afiune, L. A. F., Leal-Silva, T., Sinzato, Y. K., Moraes-Souza, R. Q., Soares, T. S., Campos, K. E., Fujiwara, L. T., Herrera, E., Damasceno, D. C. & Volpato, G. T. (2017). Beneficial effects of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. flower aqueous extract in pregnant rats with diabetes. PLoS One, 12(6), 0179785. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0179785
Al-Snafi, A. E. (2018). Chemical constituents, pharmacological effects and therapeutic importance of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis-A review. IOSR J Pharm, 8(7), 101-119.
Ansari, P., Azam, S., Hannan, J. M. A., Flatt, P. R. & Wahab, Y. H. A. (2020). Anti-hyperglycaemic activity of H. rosa-sinensis leaves is partly mediated by inhibition of carbohydrate digestion and absorption, and enhancement of insulin secretion. J Ethnopharmacol, 253, 112647. 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112647
Budin, S. B., Rahman, W. Z. A., Jubaidi, F. F., Yusof, N. L. M, Taib, I. S. & Zainalabidin, S. (2018). Roselle (Hibiscus sabdiriffa) polyphenol-rich extract prevents testicular damage of diabetic rats. J Appl Pharm Sci, 8(2), 065-070. 10.7324/JAPS.2018.8210
Darenskaya, M. A., Kolesnikova, L. I. & Kolesnikov, S. I. (2021). Oxidative stress: pathogenetic role in diabetes mellitus and its complications and therapeutic approaches to correction. Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine, 171(2), 179-189. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10517-021-05191-7
Eguchi, N., Vaziri, N. D., Dafoe, D. C. & Ichii, H. (2021). The role of oxidative stress in pancreatic β cell dysfunction in diabetes. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(4), 1509. 10.3390/ijms22041509
Ghosh, A. & Dutta, A. (2017). Antidiabetic effects of ethanolic flower extract of Hibiscus rosa sinensis(L) on alloxan induced diabetes in hyperlipidaemic experimental Wister rats (WNIN). International Journal of Engineering Development and Research, 5(4), 674-679.
Goycheva, P., Gadjeva, V. & Popov, B. (2006). Mini-review oxidative stress and its complications in diabetes. Trakia J Sci, 4(1), 1-8.
Kalpana, V. N. S., Mary, J., Mini, S., Soumya, N. P. P. & Mondal, S. (2021). Hibiscus rosa sinensis L. anthocyanins prevent lipid peroxidation and improve antioxidant status in the liver of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Bioactive Compounds in Health and Disease, 4(10), 240-255. 10.31989/bchd.v4i10.842
Khin, P. P., Lee, J. H. & Jun, H. S. (2023). Pancreatic Beta-cell Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes. European Journal of Inflammation, 21, 1721727X231154152. https://doi.org/10.1177/1721727X231154152
Kumar, V., Mahdi, F., Khanna, A. K., Singh, R., Chander, R., Saxena, J. K., Mahdi, A. A. & Singh, R. K. (2013). Antidyslipidemic and antioxidant activities of Hibiscus rosa sinensis root extract in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Indian J Clin Biochem, 28 (1), 46–50. 10.1007/s12291-012-0223-x
Lina, H. Z., Samy, M. M., Samir, A. B., Fatma, A. M., Kawther, M. T. & Abdelaaty, A. S. (2017). Hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. leaves extract on liver and kidney damage in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Afr. J. Pharm. Pharmacol, 11(13), 161-169. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJPP2017.4764
Loganathan, C., Ameen, F., Sakayanathan, P., Islam, M. A. & Thayumanavan, P. (2024). Exploring the interaction of phytochemicals from Hibiscus rosa-sinensis flowers with glucosidase and acetylcholinesterase: An integrated in vitro and in silico approach. Computational Biology and Chemistry, 108, 107996. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2023.107996
Missoum, A. (2018). An update review on Hibiscus rosa sinensis phytochemistry and medicinal uses. Journal of Ayurvedic and Herbal Medicine, 4(3), 135-146.
Moqbel, F. S., Naik, P. R., Najma, H. M. & Selvaraj, S. (2011). Antidiabetic properties of Hibiscus rosa sinensis L. leaf extract fractions on non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse. Indian J Exp Biol, 49(1), 24-9.
Noor, A., Gunasekaran, S. & Vijayalakshmi, M. A. (2017). Improvement of insulin secretion and pancreatic β-cell function in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats treated with Aloe vera extract. Pharmacognosy research, 9(1), S99. 10.4103/pr.pr_75_17
Patil, J. S., Naikawadi, A. A., Moharir, G. & Bharatha, A. (2020). Effect of Glucose Tolerance Factor (GTF) on lipid profile, blood glucose levels, and food intake in streptozotocin-Induced diabetes in rats. Maedica, 15(2), 238. 10.26574/maedica.2020.15.2.238
Pethe, M., Yelwatkar, S., Manchalwar, S. & Gujar, V. (2017). Evaluation of biological effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Hibiscus rosa sinensis flowers on alloxan induced diabetes in rats. Drug Res, 67(8), 485-492. 10.1055/s-0043-109434
Pillai, S. S. & Mini, S. (2016). Hibiscus rosa sinensis Linn. petals modulates glycogen metabolism and glucose homeostasis signalling pathway in streptozotocin-induced experimental diabetes. Plant Foods Hum Nutr, 71(1), 42-48. 10.1007/s10529-020-02908-y
Punithavathi, V. R., Anuthama, R. & Prince, P. S. M. (2008). Combined treatment with naringin and vitamin C ameliorates streptozotocin‐induced diabetes in male Wistar rats. Journal of Applied Toxicology: An International Journal, 28(6), 806-813. 10.1002/jat.1343
Raj, A., Priyanka, Madan, P., Chauhan, K. & Rani, S. (2022). Comparative study to check the success rate of induction of type-1 diabetes with streptozotocin in albino rats. CIBTech Journal of Zoology, 11, 54-62.
Raj, A., Shuklan, P., Madan, P., Chauhan, K., Phogat, J. & Rani, S. (2023). Comparative attenuating impact of camel milk and insulin in streptozotocin-induced diabetic albino rats. ACS Omega, 8(32), 29270-29280. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.3c02626
Robertson, R. P. (2004). Chronic oxidative stress as a central mechanism for glucose toxicity in pancreatic islet beta cells in diabetes. J Biol Chem, 279(41), 42351-42354. 10.1074/jbc.R400019200
Sabry, D., Marzouk, S., Zakaria, R., Ibrahim, H. A. & Samir, M. (2020). The effect of exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of induced type 1 diabetes mellitus in rats. Biotechnol Lett, 42(8), 1597-1610. 10.1007/s10529-020-02908-y
Saeedi, P., Petersohn, I., Salpea, P., Malanda, B., Karuranga, S., Unwin, N., ... & IDF Diabetes Atlas Committee. (2019). Global and regional diabetes prevalence estimates for 2019 and projections for 2030 and 2045: Results from the International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas. Diabetes research and clinical practice, 157, 107843. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2019.107843
Sankaran, M. & Vadivel, A. (2011). Antioxidant and antidiabetic effect of Hibiscus rosa sinensis flower extract on streptozotocin induced experimental rats-a dose response study. Not Sci Biol, 3(4), 13-21. https://doi.org/10.15835/nsb346348
Venkatesh, S. & Thilagavathi, J. (2008). Antidiabetic activity of flowers of Hibiscus rosasinensis. Fitoterapia 79(2), 79-81. 10.1016/j.fitote.2007.06.015.
Venkatesan, K., Paulsamy, P., Natarajan, R., Krishnaraju, K., Venkatesan, S. S. A. K., Vasudevan, R., ... & Khan, N. A. (2021). Wound Healing Potential of Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis on Dead Space Wound in Diabetic Rats. IAR Journal of Pharmacy, 2(4). 10.47310/iarjp.2021.v02i04.003
Viado, A. E., Purnamasari, L. & dela Cruz, J. F. (2022). Antidiabetic effects of Hibiscus spp. extract in rat and mice models: a review. Indonesian J Nutr., 11(1), 39-48. https://doi.org/10.14710/jgi.11.1.39-48
Vimala, H., Naik, P. R. & Chandavar, V. R. (2008). Insulin-secreting activity of Hibiscus rosa sinensis Linn, leaf extract in diabetes-induced Wistar rat. The Bioscan, 3, 293.
Zaki, L. H., Mohamed, S. M., Bashandy, S. A., Morsy, F. A., Tawfik, K. M. & Shahat, A. A. (2017). Hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. leaves extract on liver and kidney damage in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 11(13), 161-169. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJPP2017.4764
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Evaluation of antidiabetic potential of Hibiscus rosa sinensis on streptozotocin-induced diabetes on Wistar albino rats. (2024). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 16(1), 245-250. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v16i1.5334
