Unlocking the potential of Lion’s Mane Mushroom (Hericium erinaceus)
Article Main
Sabyasachi Banerjee
Shruti Gupta
Ritu Raj
Mudra Gupta
Sonam Kumari
Gurpreet Kuar
https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6563-7814
https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6563-7814
Abstract
The Lion's Mane mushroom, botanically known as Hericium erinaceus, stands out as a unique and esteemed member of the fungal kingdom. This extraordinary mushroom not only possesses an alluring appearance but also holds a significant historical presence in diverse cultures, especially within the context of ancient herbal medicine practices. This fungus holds promising prospects in several domains. Its potential as a natural remedy for cognitive health is gaining attention. This mushroom has neuroprotective properties and could play a role in supporting brain function, which is particularly relevant in the present aging population where neurodegenerative conditions like Alzheimer's disease are a growing concern. Furthermore, Lion's Mane has been explored for its potential in addressing mood disorders. It is a rich source of bioactive compounds, including β-glucans, that can positively affect the immune system. The fungus produces bioactive compounds that can be used to treat various chronic diseases like obesity, high blood pressure, hepatic disorders, and cancer ; it also has other benefits like wound healing and improving the immune system. This review endeavours to elucidate the multifaceted potential of Lion's Mane mushroom within the domains of nutrition, health, and wellness. Through a comprehensive examination of its properties and benefits, the review explored how Lion's Mane mushrooms can be harnessed to enhance human well-being. By unlocking the secrets hidden within this remarkable fungus, the study provides insights that can empower individuals to incorporate Lion's Mane into their daily lives, fostering a healthier and more balanced lifestyle.
Article Details
Article Details
Keywords
Bioactive compound, Edible fungi, Lion's Mane mushroom, Medicinal mushroom
References
Allen, A. & Flemstrom, G. (2005). Gastroduodenal mucus bicarbonate barrier: protection against acid and pepsin. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol, 288(1), C1-19. doi: 10.1152/ajpcell.00102.2004
Atay, S., Ak, H., Kalmis, E., Kayalar, H. & Aydin, H. (2020). Transcriptome Wide Analysis Reveals the Molecular Mechanism of Tumoricidal Effects of Lion’s Mane Medicinal Mushroom, Hericium erinaceus (Agaricomycetes) on MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells. Int. J. Med. Mushrooms, 23(1). doi: 10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.2020037448
Bacha, S. A. S., Ali, S., Li ,Y., Rehman, H. U., Farooq, S., Mushtaq., A. & Wahocho, S. A. (2018). Lion's mane mushroom; new addition to food and natural bounty for human wellness: A review. Int. J. Biosci, 396-402. doi:10.12692/ijb/13.4
Berger, A., Rein, D., Kratky, E., Monnard, I., Hajjaj, H., Meirim, I., Piguet, C., Hauser, J., Mace, K. & Niederberger, P. (2004). Cholesterol-lowering properties of Ganoderma lucidum in vitro, ex vivo, and in hamsters and minipigs. Lipids Health Dis, 18,32-34. doi: 10.1186/1476-511X-3-2
Bobek, P., Ozdin, L. & Kuniak, L. (1994). Mechanism of hypocholesterolemic effect of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) in rats: reduction of cholesterol absorption and increase of plasma cholesterol removal. Zeitschrift fur Ernahrungswissenschaft, 33(1), 44–50. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01610577
Bunney, W. E. Jr. & Davis, J. M. (1965). Norepinephrine in depressive reactions. A review. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 13(6), 483-94. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1965.01730060001001
Chaiyasut, C. & Sivamaruthi, B. S. (2017). Anti-hyperglycemic property of Hericium erinaceus – A mini review. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Biomed, 7(11): 1036-1040. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apjtb.2017.09.024
Chan, Y. C., Chen, C. C., Lee, L. Y. & Chen, W. P. (2019). Active Substances for Preventing Hearing Deterioration, the Composition Containing the Active Substances, and the Preparation Method Thereof. 10,405,504. U.S. Patent.
Cheent, K. & Khakoo, S.I. (2009). Natural killer cells: integrating diversity with function. Immunology, 126, 449–457.
Cheng, H. H., Hou, W. C. & Lu, M. L. (2002). Interactions of lipid metabolism and intestinal physiology with Tremella fuciformis Berk edible mushroom in rats fed a high-cholesterol diet with or without Nebacitin. J. Agric. Food Chem. 50(25),7438-43. doi: 10.1021/jf020648q
Cheng, M., Chen, Y. & Xiao, W. (2013). NK cell-based immunotherapy for malignant diseases. Cell Mol. Immunol. 10, 230–252. https://doi.org/10.1038/cmi.2013.10
Chiu, C. H., Chyau, C. C., Chen, C. C., Lee, L. Y., Chen, W. P., Liu, J. L., Lin ,W. H. & Mong, M. C. (2018). Erinacine A-enriched Hericium erinaceus mycelium produces antidepressant-like effects through modulating BDNF/PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β signaling in mice. Int. J. Mol. Sci, 19(2), 341. doi: 10.3390/ijms19020341
Chong, P. S., Fung, M. L., Wong, K. H. & Lim, L. W. (2019). Therapeutic Potential of Hericium erinaceus for Depressive Disorder. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 21(1):163. doi: 10.3390/ijms21010163
Chong, P. S., Poon, C. H., Roy, J., Tsui, K. C., Lew, S. Y., Phang, M. W. L., Tan, R. J. Y., Cheng, P. G., Fung, M. L., Wong, K. H. & Lim, L. W. (2021). Neurogenesis-dependent antidepressant-like activity of Hericium erinaceus in an animal model of depression. Chin Med. 16(1):132. doi: 10.1186/s13020-021-00546-8
Coppen, A. (1967). The biochemistry of affective disorders. Br. J. Psychiatry, 113, 1237-1264. doi: 10.1192/bjp.113.504.1237
David, G., & Williams, J. (2023). Lion’s Mane Mushroom- From Culinary to Medicine. Ann. Med, 1(2). https://doi.org/10.59652/aim.v1i2.55Niego2
Devaraj, V. C., Gopala, K. B., Viswanatha, G. L., Prasad, V. S. & Babu, S. N. V. (2011). Protective effect of leaves of Raphinus sativus Linn on experimentally induced gastric ulcers in rats. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, 19,171-176. doi:10.1016/j.jsps.2011.03.003
Dronavalli, S., Duka, I. & Bakris, G. L. (2008). The pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab, 4(8), 444–452.
Forbes, J. M., Coughlan, M. T. & Cooper, M. E. (2008). Oxidative stress as a major culprit in kidney disease in diabetes. Diabetes, 57(6), 1446–1454. doi: 10.2337/db08-0057
Ganesan, K. & Xu, B. (2018). Anti-Obesity Effects of Medicinal and Edible Mushrooms. Molecules, 23(11), 2880. doi: 10.3390/molecules23112880
Giacco, F. & Brownlee, M. (2010). Oxidative stress and diabetic complications. Circ. Res. 107(9),1058–1070. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.110.223545
Giugliano, D., Ceriello, A. & Paolisso, G. (1996). Oxidative stress and diabetic vascular complications. Diabetes Care, 19(3),257–267. doi: 10.2337/diacare.19.3.257
Gong, M., An, J., Lu, H. Z., Wu, C. F., Li, Y. J., Cheng, J. Q. & Bao, J. K. (2004). Effects of denaturation and amino acid modification on fluorescence spectrum and hemagglutinating activity of Hericium erinaceum Lectin. Acta Biochim. Biophys. Sin, 36(5), 343–350. doi: 10.1093/abbs/36.5.343
Hagen, S. J. (2021). Mucosal defense: gastroduodenal injury and repair mechanisms. Curr. Opin. Gastroenterol, 37,609-614. doi: 10.1097/MOG.0000000000000775
Han, B., Baruah, K., Cox, E., Vanrompay, D. & Bossier, P. (2020). Structure-functional activity relationship of β-glucans from the perspective of immunomodulation: A mini-review. Front. Immunol, 11,658. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00658
Han, Z. H., Ye, J. M. & Wang, G. F. (2013). Evaluation of in vivo antioxidant activity of Hericium erinaceus polysaccharides. Int. J. Biol. Macromol, 52,66-71. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2012.09.009
He, X., Wang, X., Fang, J., Chang, Y., Ning, N., Guo, H., Huang, L., Huang, X. & Zhao, Z. (2017). Structures, biological activities, and industrial applications of the polysaccharides from Hericium erinaceus (Lion's Mane) mushroom: A review. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 97, 228-237. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.01.040
Hsu, C. H., Liao, E. C., Chiang, W. C. & Wang, K. L. (2023). Antioxidative Activities of Micronized Solid-State Cultivated Hericium erinaceus Rich in Erinacine A against MPTP-Induced Damages. Molecules, 28(8):3386. doi: 10.3390/molecules28083386
Huang, H.T., Ho, C. H., Sung, H. Y., Lee, L. Y., Chen ,W. P., Chen, Y. W., Chin, C. C., Yang, C. H. & Tzeng, S. F. (2021). Hericium erinaceus mycelium and its small bioactive compounds promote oligodendrocyte maturation with an increase in myelin basic protein. Erratum in: Sci Rep,11(1), 9063. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-85972-2
Ikewaki, N., Iwasaki. M., Kurosawa, G., Rao, K. S., Lakey-Beitia, J., Preethy, S. & Abraham, S. J. (2021). β-glucans: Wide-spectrum immune-balancing food-supplement-based enteric (β-WIFE) vaccine adjuvant approach to COVID-19. Hum. Vaccines. Immunother, 17, 2808–2813. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1880210
Imtiaj, A., Jayasinghe, C., Lee, G. W., Shim, M. J., Rho, H. S., Lee, H. S., Hur, H., Lee, M. W., Lee, U. Y. & Lee, T. S. (2008). Vegetative Growth of Four Strains of Hericium erinaceus Collected from Different Habitats. Mycobiology, 36(2), 88–92. doi: 10.4489/MYCO.2008.36.2.088
Jang, H. S. & Yoon, K. N. (2017). The Antihyperlipidemic Effect of Lion’s Mane Mushroom (Hericium erinaceus) in Hyperlipidemic Rats Induced by High Fat and Cholesterol Diet. Korean J. Clin. Lab. Sci, 49:263–270. doi:10.15324/kjcls.2017.49.3.263
Jesenak, M., Hrubisko, M., Majtan, J., Rennerova, Z. & Banovcin, P. (2014). Anti-allergic effect of pleuran (β-glucan from Pleurotus ostreatus) in children with recurrent respiratory tract infections. Phytother. Res. 28, 471–474. doi: 10.1002/ptr.5020
Jia, X., He, Y., Li, L. & Xu, D. (2023). Pharmacological targeting of gastric mucosal barrier with traditional Chinese medications for repairing gastric mucosal injury. Front. Pharmacol, 14,109-1530. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1091530
Kalaras, M. D., Richie, J. P., Calcagnotto, A. & Beelman, R. B. (2017). Mushrooms: A rich source of the antioxidants ergothioneine and glutathione. Food Chem, 233:429-433. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.04.109
Kaveeshwar, S. A. & Cornwall, J. (2014). The current state of diabetes mellitus in India. Australas Med. J, 7(1):45-8. doi: 10.4066/AMJ.2013.1979
Kawagishi, H., Ando, M., Sakamoto, H., Yoshida, S., Ojima, F., Ishiguro, Y., Ukai, N. & Furukawa, S. (1991). Hericenones C, D and E, stimulators of nerve growth factor (NGF)-synthesis, from the mushroom Hericium erinaceum. Tetrahedron Lett, 32, 4561-4564. doi: 10.1016/0040-4039(91)80039-9
Kawagishi, H., Ando, M., Shinba, K., Sakamoto, H., Yoshida, S., Ojima, F., Ishiguro, Y., Ukai, N. & Furukawa, S. (1992). Chromans, hericenones F, G and H from the mushroom Hericium erinaceum. Phytochemistry, 32,175-178. doi: 10.1016/0031-9422(92)80127-Z
Kawagishi, H., Mori, H., Uno, A., Kimura, A. & Chiba, S. (1994). A sialic acid-binding lectin from the mushroom Hericium erinaceum. FEBS Lett, 340(1-2),56–58. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(94)80172-X
Kawagishi, H., Murakami, H., Sakai, S. & Inoue, S. (2006). Carnitine-esters from the mushroom Suillus laricinus. Phytochemistry, 67(24),2676–2680. doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2006.09.014
Kawagishi, H., Shimada, A., Hosokawa, S., Mori, H., Sakamoto, H., Ishiguro, Y., Sakemi, S., Bordner, J., Kojima, N. & Furukawa, S. (1996). Erinacines E, F, and G, stimulators of nerve growth factor (NGF)-synthesis, from the mycelia of Hericium erinaceum. Tetrahedron Lett, 37, 7399-7402. doi: 10.1016/0040-4039(96)01687-5
Kawagishi, H., Shimada, A., Shirai, R., Okamoto, K., Ojima, F., Sakamoto, H., Ishiguro, Y. & Furukawa, S. (1994). Erinacines A, B and C, strong stimulators of nerve growth factor (NGF)-synthesis, from the mycelia of Hericium erinaceum. Tetrahedron Lett, 35,1569-1572. doi: 10.1016/S0040-4039(00)76760-8
Kawagishi, H., Shirai, R., Sakamoto, H. S., Ojima, F. & Ishiguro, Y. (1992). Erinapyrone-a and Erinapyrone-B from the Cultured Mycelia of Hericium-Erinaceum. Chemistry Letters, 12,2475–2476. doi:10.1246/cl.1992.2475
Kenmoku, H., Oozone, T., Sugai, T. & Sassa, T. (2001). Mass production of pure gibberellin A1 by Phaeosphaeria sp. L487 and the fungal preparation of [U-13C]gibberellin A1. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem, 65(9), 2095–2097. doi: 10.1271/bbb.65.2095
Kim, S. P., Moon, E., Nam, S. H. & Friedman, M. (2012). Hericium erinaceus mushroom extracts protect infected mice against Salmonella Typhimurium-Induced liver damage and mortality by stimulation of innate immune cells. J. Agric. Food Chem, 60(22), 5590–5596. doi: 10.1021/jf300897w
Kuo, H. C., Lu, C. C., Shen, C. H., Tung, S. Y., Hsieh , M. C., Lee, K. C., Lee, L. Y., Chen, C. C., Teng, C. C., Huang, W. S., Chen, T. C. & Lee, K. F. (2016). Hericium erinaceus mycelium and its isolated erinacine A protection from MPTP-induced neurotoxicity through the ER stress, triggering an apoptosis cascade. J. Transl. Med. 14,78. doi: 10.1186/s12967-016-0831-y
Kushairi, N., Phan, C. W., Sabaratnam, V., David, P. & Naidu, M. (2019). Lion's Mane Mushroom, Hericium erinaceus (Bull.: Fr.) Pers. Suppresses H2O2-Induced Oxidative Damage and LPS-Induced Inflammation in HT22 Hippocampal Neurons and BV2 Microglia. Antioxidants (Basel). 8(8):261. doi: 10.3390/antiox8080261
Lee, D. G., Kang, H. W., Park, C. G., Ahn, Y. S. & Shin, Y. (2016). Isolation and identification of phytochemicals and biological activities of Hericium ernaceus and their contents in Hericium strains using HPLC/UV analysis. J. Ethnopharmacol, 184, 219–225. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2016.02.038
Lee, K. F., Chen, J. H., Teng, C. C., Shen, C. H., Hsieh, M. C., Lu, C. C., Lee, K. C., Lee, L. Y., Chen, W. P., Chen, C. C., Huang, W. S. & Kuo, H. C. (2014). Protective effects of Hericium erinaceus mycelium and its isolated erinacine A against ischemia-injury-induced neuronal cell death via the inhibition of iNOS/p38 MAPK and nitrotyrosine. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 15(9), 15073-89. doi: 10.3390/ijms150915073
Lee, K., Lee, K. F., Tung, S., Huang, W., Lee, L., Chen, W., Chen, C., Teng, C., Shen, C. & Hsieh, M. (2019). Induction apoptosis of erinacine A in human colorectal cancer cells involving the expression of TNFR, Fas, and Fas ligand via the JNK/p300/p50 signaling pathway with histone acetylation. Front. Pharmacol. 10,1174. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01174
Li, D. & Mehta. J. L. (2005). Oxidized LDL, a critical factor in atherogenesis. Cardiovascular Research, 68(3),353–354. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20102474
Li, G., Yu, K., Li. F., Xu K., Li, J., He, S., Cao, S. & Tan, G. (2014). Anticancer potential of Hericium erinaceus extracts against human gastrointestinal cancers. J. Ethnopharmacol, 153(2), 521–530. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.03.003
Li, I. C., Chang, H. H., Lin, C. H., Chen, W. P., Lu, T. H., Lee, L. Y., Chen, Y. W., Chen, Y. P., Chen, C. C. & Lin, D. P. C. (2020). Prevention of Early Alzheimer's Disease by Erinacine A-Enriched Hericium erinaceus Mycelia Pilot Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study. Front Aging Neurosci, 12:155. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00155
Li, I. C., Chen, Y. L., Lee, L. Y., Chen. W. P., Tsai, Y. T., Chen, C. C.& Chen, C. S. (2014). Evaluation of the toxicological safety of erinacine A-enriched Hericium erinaceus in a 28-day oral feeding study in Sprague-Dawley rats. Food Chem. Toxicol, 70,61-7.
Li, I. C., Lee, L. Y., Tzeng, T. T., Chen, W. P., Chen, Y. P., Shiao, Y. J. & Chen, C.C. (2018). Neurohealth Properties of Hericium erinaceus Mycelia Enriched with Erinacines. Behav Neurol, 2018:5802634. doi: 10.1155/2018/5802634
Liang, B., Guo, Z., Xie, F. & Zhao, A. (2013). Antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic activities of aqueous extract of Hericium erinaceus in experimental diabetic rats. BMC Complement Altern Med, 13: 253. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-13-253
Libby, P. (2002). Inflammation in atherosclerosis. Nature, 26,420 (6917), 868-74. doi: 10.1038/nature01323
Lin, C. Y., Chen, Y. J., Hsu, C. H., Lin, Y. H., Chen, P. T., Kuo, T. H., Ho, C. T., Chen, H. H., Huang, S. J. & Chiu, H. C. (2023). Erinacine S from Hericium erinaceus mycelium promotes neuronal regeneration by inducing neurosteroids accumulation. J. Food Drug Anal, 31, 32–54. doi:10.38212/2224-6614.3446
Liu, S., Galat, V. & Galat, Y. (2021). NK cell-based cancer immunotherapy: from basic biology to clinical development. J. Hematol. Onco, 14(7). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13045-020-01014-w
Ma, K., Zhang, Y., Guo, C., Yang, Y., Han, J., Yu, B., Yin, W. & Liu, H. (2021). Reconstitution of biosynthetic pathway for mushroom-derived cyathane diterpenes in yeast and generation of new “non-natural” analogues. Acta Pharm. Sin. B. 11, 2945–2956. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsb.2021.04.014
Malinowska, E., Krzyczkowski, W., Lapienis, G. & Herold, F. (2009). Improved simultaneous production of mycelial biomass and polysaccharides by submerged culture of Hericium erinaceum: optimization using a central composite rotatable design (CCRD). J. Ind. Microbiol, 36(12),1513–1527.
Martínez-Mármol, R., Chai, Y., Conroy, J. N., Khan, Z., Hong, S. M., Kim, S. B., Gormal, R. S., Lee, D. H., Lee, J. K, Coulson, E. J., Lee, M. K., Kim, S. Y. & Meunier, F. A. (2023). Hericerin derivatives activates a pan-neurotrophic pathway in central hippocampal neurons converging to ERK1/2 signaling enhancing spatial memory. J. Neurochem,165, 791–808. https://doi.org/10.1111/jnc.15767
Meena, B., Sivakumar, V. & Praneetha, S. (2020). Prospects of biodiversity and distribution of mushroom fungi in India. GSC Biol. Pharm. Sci, 13(1), 078–085. https://doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2020.13.1.0329
Mori, K., Inatomi, S., Ouchi, K., Azumi, Y. & Tuchida, T. (2009). Improving effects of the mushroom Yamabushitake (Hericium erinaceus) on mild cognitive impairment: a double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Phytother Res, 23(3), 367-372. doi: 10.1002/ptr.2634.
Mori, K., Obara, Y., Hirota, M., Azumi, Y., Kinugasa, S., Inatomi, S. & Nakahata, N. (2008). Nerve growth factor-inducing activity of Hericium erinaceus in 1321N1 human astrocytoma cells. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 31,1727-1732. doi: https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.31.1727
Murray, C. J. & Lopez, A. D. (1997). Global mortality, disability, and the contribution of risk factors: Global Burden of Disease Study. Lancet, 349(9063), 1436-42. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(96)07495-8
Nagai, K., Chiba, A., Nishino, T., Kubota, T. & Kawagishi, H. (2006). Dilinoleoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine from Hericium erinaceum protects against ER stress-dependent Neuro2a cell death via protein kinase C pathway. J. Nutr. Biochem, 17(8), 525–530. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2005.09.007
Nagano, M., Shimizu, K., Kondo, R., Hayashi, C., Sato, D., Kitagawa, K. & Ohnuki, K. (2010). Reduction of depression and anxiety by 4 weeks Hericium erinaceus intake. Biomed Res, 4,231-7. doi: 10.2220/biomedres.31.231
Narayanan, M., Reddy, K. M. & Marsicano, E. (2018). Peptic Ulcer Disease and Helicobacter pylori infection. Med. 115(3), 219-224.
Nathan, D. M., Genuth, S., Lachin, J., Cleary, P., Crofford, O., Davis, M., Rand, L. & Siebert, C. (1993). The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N. Engl. J. Med. 329(14), 977-86. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199309303291401
Nguyen, T. H., Nagasaka, R. & Ohshima, T. (2013). The Natural Antioxidant Ergothioneine: Resources, Chemical Characterization, and Applications; Logan, A., Nienaber, U., Pan, X., Eds., AOCS Press: Urbana, IL, USA,; ISBN 978-0-9830791-6-3.
Niego, A. G., Rapior, S., Thongklang, N., Raspe, O., Jaidee, W., Lumyong, S., & Hyde, K. D. (2021). Macrofungi as a Nutraceutical Source: Promising Bioactive Compounds and Market Value. J. Fungi (Basel), 7(5), 397. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7050397
Nishikawa, T., Edelstein, D., Du, X. L., Yamagishi, S., Matsumura, T., Kaneda, Y., Yorek, M. A., Beebe, D., Oates, P. J. & Hammes, H. P. (2000). Normalizing mitochondrial superoxide production blocks three pathways of hyperglycaemic damage. Nature, 404(6779),787–790. doi: 10.1038/35008121
Ohkubo, Y., Kishikawa, H., Araki, E., Miyata, T., Isami, S., Motoyoshi, S., Kojima, Y., Furuyoshi, N. & Shichiri, M. (1995). Intensive insulin therapy prevents the progression of diabetic microvascular complications in Japanese patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: a randomized prospective 6-year study. Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract. 28(2), 103–117. doi: 10.1016/0168-8227(95)01064-K
Rahman, M. A., Abdullah, N. & Aminudin, N. (2014). Inhibitory effect on in vitro LDL oxidation and HMG Co-A reductase activity of the liquid-liquid partitioned fractions of Hericium erinaceus (Bull.) Persoon (lion's mane mushroom). Biomed. Res. Int, 2014,828149. doi: 10.1155/2014/828149
Rajasekaran, S., Sivagnanam, K. & Subramanian, S. (2005). Antioxidant effect of Aloe vera gel extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats. Pharmacol Rep, 57(1), 90–96. doi: 10.1016/j.jacme.2014.01.005
Roger, V. L., Go, A. S., Lloyd, D. M., Benjamin, E. J., Berry, J. D., Borden, W. B., Bravata, D. M., Dai, S., Ford, E. S., Fox, C. S., Fullerton, H. J., Gillespie, C., Hailpern, S. M., Heit, J. A., Howard, V. J., Kissela, B. M., Kittner, S. J., Lackland, D. T., Lichtman, J. H., Lisabeth, L. D., Makuc, D. M., Marcus, G. M., Marelli, A., Matchar, D. B., Moy, C. S., Mozaffarian, D., Mussolino, M. E., Nichol, G., Paynter, N. P., Soliman, E. Z., Sorlie, P. D., Sotoodehnia, N., Turan, T. N., Virani, S. S., Wong, N. D., Woo, D. & Turner, M. B. (2012). American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Heart disease and stroke statistics--2012 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation, 125(1),e2-e220. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0b013e31823ac046
Rupcic, Z., Rascher, M., Kanaki, S., Köster, R. W., Stadler, M. & Wittstein, K. (2018). Two New Cyathane Diterpenoids from Mycelial Cultures of the Medicinal Mushroom Hericium erinaceus and the Rare Species, Hericium flagellum. Int. J. Mol. Sci, 19, 740. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19030740
Ryu, S. H., Hong, S. M., Khan, Z., Lee, S. K., Vishwanath, M., Turk, A., Yeon, S. W., Jo, Y. H., Lee, D. H. & Lee, J. K. (2021). Neurotrophic isoindolinones from the fruiting bodies of Hericium erinaceus. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 31, 127714. doi: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127714
Ryu, S., Kim, H. G., Kim, J. Y., Kim, S. Y. & Cho, K. O. (2018). Hericium erinaceus extract reduces anxiety and depressive behaviors by promoting hippocampal neurogenesis in the adult mouse brain. J. Med. Food, 21,174–180. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2017.4006
Schildkraut, J. J. (2006). The catecholamine hypothesis of affective disorders: A review of supporting evidence. Am. J. Psychiatry, 112, 509-522. doi: 10.1176/ajp.122.5.509
Sheu, S. C., Lyu, Y., Lee, M. S. & Cheng, J. H. (2013). Immunomodulatory effects of polysaccharides isolated from Hericium erinaceus on dendritic cells. Process Biochem. 48(9): 1402-8. doi: 10.1016/j.procbio.2013.06.012
Shih, S. C., Tseng, K. W., Lin, S. C., Kao, C. R., Chou ,S. Y., Wang, H. Y., Chang, W. H., Chu, C. H., Wang, T. E. & Chien, C. L. (2005). Expression patterns of transforming growth factor-beta and its receptors in gastric mucosa of patients with refractory gastric ulcer. World J. Gastroenterol, 11(1), 136-141. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v11.i1.136
Shin, M. H., Kim, J., Lim, S. A., Kim, J., Kim, S. J. & Lee, K. M. (2020). NK Cell-Based Immunotherapies in Cancer. Immune Netw. 20(2):e14. doi: 10.4110/in.2020.20.e14
Sokol, S., Golak-Siwulska, I., Sobieralski, K., Siwulski, M. & Gorka, K. (2015). Biology, cultivation, and medicinal functions of the mushroom Hericium erinaceum. Acta Mycologica,50(2), 60-594. doi: 10.5586/am.1069.0
Thongbai, B., Rapior, S., Hyde, K. D., Wittstein, K. & Stadler, M. (2015). Hericium erinaceus, an amazing medicinal mushroom. Mycological Progress, 14(91), 1-23. doi: 10.1007/s11557-015-1105-4
Tripodi, F., Falletta, E., Leri, M., Angeloni, C., Beghelli, D., Giusti, L., Milanesi, R., Sampaio-Marques, B., Ludovico, P., Goppa, L., Rossi, P., Savino, E., Bucciantini, M. & Coccetti, P. (2022). Anti-Aging and Neuroprotective Properties of Grifola frondosa and Hericium erinaceus Extracts. Nutrients. 14(20):4368. doi: 10.3390/nu14204368
Tzeng, T. T., Chen, C. C., Lee, L. Y., Chen, W. P., Lu, C. K., Shen, C. C., Ying, H. F. C, Chen ,C. C. & Shiao, Y. J. (2016). Erinacine A-enriched Hericium erinaceus mycelium ameliorates Alzheimer's disease-related pathologies in APPswe/PS1dE9 transgenic mice. J. Biomed. Sci, 23(1), 49. doi: 10.1186/s12929-016-0266-z
Uffelman, C. N., Chan, N. I., Davis, E. M., Wang, Y., McGowan, B. S. & Campbell, W. W. (2023). An Assessment of Mushroom Consumption on Cardiometabolic Disease Risk Factors and Morbidities in Humans: A Systematic Review. Nutrients. 15(5):1079. doi:10.3390/nu15051079
Wang, J. C., Hu, S. H., Wang, J. T., Chen, K. S. & Chia, Y. C. (2005). Hypoglycemic effect of extract of Hericium erinaceus. J. Sci. Food Agric, 85, 641–646. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.1928
Wang, L. Y., Huang, C. S., Chen, Y. H., Chen, C. C., Chen, C. C. & Chuang, C. H. (2019). Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Erinacine C on NO Production through Down-Regulation of NF- κB and Activation of Nrf2-Mediated HO-1 in BV2 Microglial Cells Treated with LPS. Molecules, 24(18): 3317. doi:10.3390/molecules24183317
Wild, S., Roglic, G., Green, A., Sicree, R. & King, H. (2004). Global prevalence of diabetes: estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030. Diabetes Care, 27(5),1047–1053. doi: 10.2337/diacare.27.5.1047
Wong, K. H., Vikineswary, S., Abdullah, N., Naidu, M. & Keynes, R. (2007). Activity of aqueous extracts of lion's mane mushroom Hericium erinaceus (Bull Fr) Pers (Aphyllophoromycetideae) on the neural cell line NG108-15. Int. J. Med. Mushrooms, 9, 57–65. doi: 10.3390/antiox8080261
Wu, S. H., Kirk, P. M., Redhead, S. A., Stalpers, J. A., Dai, Y. C., Norvell, L. L., Yang, Z. L., Ryvarden, L., Su, C. H., Li, Y. U., Zhuang, W. Y., Yao, Y. J., Chen, C. J., Chen, L. C., Yu, Z. H. & Wang, X. C. (2012). Resolution of the nomenclature for niu-chang-chih (Taiwanofungus camphoratus), an important medicinal polypore. Taxon, 61(6),1305–1310. doi: 10.1002/tax.616011
Wu, T. & Xu, B. J. (2015). Antidiabetic and antioxidant activities of eight medicinal mushroom species from China. Int. J. Med. Mushrooms; 17: 129-40. doi: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.v17.i2.40
Xie, X., Ren, K. & Zhou, Z. (2022). The global, regional and national burden of peptic ulcer disease from 1990 to 2019: a population-based study. BMC Gastroenterol. 22, 58. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12876-022-02130-2
Yang, H., Hwang, I. & Kim, S. (2013). Lentinus edodes promotes fat removal in hypercholesterolemic mice. Exp. Ther. Med. 6(6), 1409–1413. http://dx.doi.org/10.11 55/2019/3030967
Yim, M. H., Shin, J. W., Son, J. Y., Oh, S. M., Han, S. H., Cho, J. H., Cho, C. K., Yoo, H. S., Lee, Y. W. & Son, C. G. (2007). Soluble components of Hericium erinaceum induce NK cell activation via production of interleukin-12 in mice splenocytes. Acta Pharmacol. Sin, 28(6), 901–907. doi: 10.1111/j.1745-7254.2007.00577.x
Yoshida, H. & Kisugi, R. (2010). Mechanisms of LDL oxidation. Clinica Chimica Acta, 411(23-24), 1875–1882. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbacli.2017.07.002
Zhang, Y., Liu, L., Bao, L., Yang, Y., Ma, K. & Liu, H. (2018). Three new cyathane diterpenes with neurotrophic activity from the liquid cultures of Hericium erinaceus. J Antibiot (Tokyo). 71(9):818-821. doi:10.1038/s41429-018-0065-8
Zhang, Y., Yang, S., Wang, A., Sun, Z., Zhuo, Y. & Xu, Y. (2015). Protective effect of ethanol extracts of Hericium erinaceus on alloxan-induced diabetic neuropathic pain in rats. Evid Based Complement Altern Med 2015. 595480. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/595480
Zhang, Z., Lv, G., Pan, H., Pandey, A., He, W. & Fan, L. (2012). Antioxidant and hepatoprotective potential of endo-polysaccharides from Hericium erinaceus grown on tofu whey. Int. J. Biol. Macromol, 51(5),1140–1146. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2012.09.002
Zhao, S., Gao, Q., Rong, C., Wang, S., Zhao, Z., Liu, Y. & Xu, J. (2020). Immunomodulatory Effects of Edible and Medicinal Mushrooms and Their Bioactive Immunoregulatory Products. J. Fungi (Basel). 6(4):269. doi: 10.3390/jof6040269
Atay, S., Ak, H., Kalmis, E., Kayalar, H. & Aydin, H. (2020). Transcriptome Wide Analysis Reveals the Molecular Mechanism of Tumoricidal Effects of Lion’s Mane Medicinal Mushroom, Hericium erinaceus (Agaricomycetes) on MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells. Int. J. Med. Mushrooms, 23(1). doi: 10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.2020037448
Bacha, S. A. S., Ali, S., Li ,Y., Rehman, H. U., Farooq, S., Mushtaq., A. & Wahocho, S. A. (2018). Lion's mane mushroom; new addition to food and natural bounty for human wellness: A review. Int. J. Biosci, 396-402. doi:10.12692/ijb/13.4
Berger, A., Rein, D., Kratky, E., Monnard, I., Hajjaj, H., Meirim, I., Piguet, C., Hauser, J., Mace, K. & Niederberger, P. (2004). Cholesterol-lowering properties of Ganoderma lucidum in vitro, ex vivo, and in hamsters and minipigs. Lipids Health Dis, 18,32-34. doi: 10.1186/1476-511X-3-2
Bobek, P., Ozdin, L. & Kuniak, L. (1994). Mechanism of hypocholesterolemic effect of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) in rats: reduction of cholesterol absorption and increase of plasma cholesterol removal. Zeitschrift fur Ernahrungswissenschaft, 33(1), 44–50. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01610577
Bunney, W. E. Jr. & Davis, J. M. (1965). Norepinephrine in depressive reactions. A review. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 13(6), 483-94. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1965.01730060001001
Chaiyasut, C. & Sivamaruthi, B. S. (2017). Anti-hyperglycemic property of Hericium erinaceus – A mini review. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Biomed, 7(11): 1036-1040. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apjtb.2017.09.024
Chan, Y. C., Chen, C. C., Lee, L. Y. & Chen, W. P. (2019). Active Substances for Preventing Hearing Deterioration, the Composition Containing the Active Substances, and the Preparation Method Thereof. 10,405,504. U.S. Patent.
Cheent, K. & Khakoo, S.I. (2009). Natural killer cells: integrating diversity with function. Immunology, 126, 449–457.
Cheng, H. H., Hou, W. C. & Lu, M. L. (2002). Interactions of lipid metabolism and intestinal physiology with Tremella fuciformis Berk edible mushroom in rats fed a high-cholesterol diet with or without Nebacitin. J. Agric. Food Chem. 50(25),7438-43. doi: 10.1021/jf020648q
Cheng, M., Chen, Y. & Xiao, W. (2013). NK cell-based immunotherapy for malignant diseases. Cell Mol. Immunol. 10, 230–252. https://doi.org/10.1038/cmi.2013.10
Chiu, C. H., Chyau, C. C., Chen, C. C., Lee, L. Y., Chen, W. P., Liu, J. L., Lin ,W. H. & Mong, M. C. (2018). Erinacine A-enriched Hericium erinaceus mycelium produces antidepressant-like effects through modulating BDNF/PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β signaling in mice. Int. J. Mol. Sci, 19(2), 341. doi: 10.3390/ijms19020341
Chong, P. S., Fung, M. L., Wong, K. H. & Lim, L. W. (2019). Therapeutic Potential of Hericium erinaceus for Depressive Disorder. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 21(1):163. doi: 10.3390/ijms21010163
Chong, P. S., Poon, C. H., Roy, J., Tsui, K. C., Lew, S. Y., Phang, M. W. L., Tan, R. J. Y., Cheng, P. G., Fung, M. L., Wong, K. H. & Lim, L. W. (2021). Neurogenesis-dependent antidepressant-like activity of Hericium erinaceus in an animal model of depression. Chin Med. 16(1):132. doi: 10.1186/s13020-021-00546-8
Coppen, A. (1967). The biochemistry of affective disorders. Br. J. Psychiatry, 113, 1237-1264. doi: 10.1192/bjp.113.504.1237
David, G., & Williams, J. (2023). Lion’s Mane Mushroom- From Culinary to Medicine. Ann. Med, 1(2). https://doi.org/10.59652/aim.v1i2.55Niego2
Devaraj, V. C., Gopala, K. B., Viswanatha, G. L., Prasad, V. S. & Babu, S. N. V. (2011). Protective effect of leaves of Raphinus sativus Linn on experimentally induced gastric ulcers in rats. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, 19,171-176. doi:10.1016/j.jsps.2011.03.003
Dronavalli, S., Duka, I. & Bakris, G. L. (2008). The pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab, 4(8), 444–452.
Forbes, J. M., Coughlan, M. T. & Cooper, M. E. (2008). Oxidative stress as a major culprit in kidney disease in diabetes. Diabetes, 57(6), 1446–1454. doi: 10.2337/db08-0057
Ganesan, K. & Xu, B. (2018). Anti-Obesity Effects of Medicinal and Edible Mushrooms. Molecules, 23(11), 2880. doi: 10.3390/molecules23112880
Giacco, F. & Brownlee, M. (2010). Oxidative stress and diabetic complications. Circ. Res. 107(9),1058–1070. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.110.223545
Giugliano, D., Ceriello, A. & Paolisso, G. (1996). Oxidative stress and diabetic vascular complications. Diabetes Care, 19(3),257–267. doi: 10.2337/diacare.19.3.257
Gong, M., An, J., Lu, H. Z., Wu, C. F., Li, Y. J., Cheng, J. Q. & Bao, J. K. (2004). Effects of denaturation and amino acid modification on fluorescence spectrum and hemagglutinating activity of Hericium erinaceum Lectin. Acta Biochim. Biophys. Sin, 36(5), 343–350. doi: 10.1093/abbs/36.5.343
Hagen, S. J. (2021). Mucosal defense: gastroduodenal injury and repair mechanisms. Curr. Opin. Gastroenterol, 37,609-614. doi: 10.1097/MOG.0000000000000775
Han, B., Baruah, K., Cox, E., Vanrompay, D. & Bossier, P. (2020). Structure-functional activity relationship of β-glucans from the perspective of immunomodulation: A mini-review. Front. Immunol, 11,658. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00658
Han, Z. H., Ye, J. M. & Wang, G. F. (2013). Evaluation of in vivo antioxidant activity of Hericium erinaceus polysaccharides. Int. J. Biol. Macromol, 52,66-71. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2012.09.009
He, X., Wang, X., Fang, J., Chang, Y., Ning, N., Guo, H., Huang, L., Huang, X. & Zhao, Z. (2017). Structures, biological activities, and industrial applications of the polysaccharides from Hericium erinaceus (Lion's Mane) mushroom: A review. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 97, 228-237. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.01.040
Hsu, C. H., Liao, E. C., Chiang, W. C. & Wang, K. L. (2023). Antioxidative Activities of Micronized Solid-State Cultivated Hericium erinaceus Rich in Erinacine A against MPTP-Induced Damages. Molecules, 28(8):3386. doi: 10.3390/molecules28083386
Huang, H.T., Ho, C. H., Sung, H. Y., Lee, L. Y., Chen ,W. P., Chen, Y. W., Chin, C. C., Yang, C. H. & Tzeng, S. F. (2021). Hericium erinaceus mycelium and its small bioactive compounds promote oligodendrocyte maturation with an increase in myelin basic protein. Erratum in: Sci Rep,11(1), 9063. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-85972-2
Ikewaki, N., Iwasaki. M., Kurosawa, G., Rao, K. S., Lakey-Beitia, J., Preethy, S. & Abraham, S. J. (2021). β-glucans: Wide-spectrum immune-balancing food-supplement-based enteric (β-WIFE) vaccine adjuvant approach to COVID-19. Hum. Vaccines. Immunother, 17, 2808–2813. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1880210
Imtiaj, A., Jayasinghe, C., Lee, G. W., Shim, M. J., Rho, H. S., Lee, H. S., Hur, H., Lee, M. W., Lee, U. Y. & Lee, T. S. (2008). Vegetative Growth of Four Strains of Hericium erinaceus Collected from Different Habitats. Mycobiology, 36(2), 88–92. doi: 10.4489/MYCO.2008.36.2.088
Jang, H. S. & Yoon, K. N. (2017). The Antihyperlipidemic Effect of Lion’s Mane Mushroom (Hericium erinaceus) in Hyperlipidemic Rats Induced by High Fat and Cholesterol Diet. Korean J. Clin. Lab. Sci, 49:263–270. doi:10.15324/kjcls.2017.49.3.263
Jesenak, M., Hrubisko, M., Majtan, J., Rennerova, Z. & Banovcin, P. (2014). Anti-allergic effect of pleuran (β-glucan from Pleurotus ostreatus) in children with recurrent respiratory tract infections. Phytother. Res. 28, 471–474. doi: 10.1002/ptr.5020
Jia, X., He, Y., Li, L. & Xu, D. (2023). Pharmacological targeting of gastric mucosal barrier with traditional Chinese medications for repairing gastric mucosal injury. Front. Pharmacol, 14,109-1530. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1091530
Kalaras, M. D., Richie, J. P., Calcagnotto, A. & Beelman, R. B. (2017). Mushrooms: A rich source of the antioxidants ergothioneine and glutathione. Food Chem, 233:429-433. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.04.109
Kaveeshwar, S. A. & Cornwall, J. (2014). The current state of diabetes mellitus in India. Australas Med. J, 7(1):45-8. doi: 10.4066/AMJ.2013.1979
Kawagishi, H., Ando, M., Sakamoto, H., Yoshida, S., Ojima, F., Ishiguro, Y., Ukai, N. & Furukawa, S. (1991). Hericenones C, D and E, stimulators of nerve growth factor (NGF)-synthesis, from the mushroom Hericium erinaceum. Tetrahedron Lett, 32, 4561-4564. doi: 10.1016/0040-4039(91)80039-9
Kawagishi, H., Ando, M., Shinba, K., Sakamoto, H., Yoshida, S., Ojima, F., Ishiguro, Y., Ukai, N. & Furukawa, S. (1992). Chromans, hericenones F, G and H from the mushroom Hericium erinaceum. Phytochemistry, 32,175-178. doi: 10.1016/0031-9422(92)80127-Z
Kawagishi, H., Mori, H., Uno, A., Kimura, A. & Chiba, S. (1994). A sialic acid-binding lectin from the mushroom Hericium erinaceum. FEBS Lett, 340(1-2),56–58. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(94)80172-X
Kawagishi, H., Murakami, H., Sakai, S. & Inoue, S. (2006). Carnitine-esters from the mushroom Suillus laricinus. Phytochemistry, 67(24),2676–2680. doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2006.09.014
Kawagishi, H., Shimada, A., Hosokawa, S., Mori, H., Sakamoto, H., Ishiguro, Y., Sakemi, S., Bordner, J., Kojima, N. & Furukawa, S. (1996). Erinacines E, F, and G, stimulators of nerve growth factor (NGF)-synthesis, from the mycelia of Hericium erinaceum. Tetrahedron Lett, 37, 7399-7402. doi: 10.1016/0040-4039(96)01687-5
Kawagishi, H., Shimada, A., Shirai, R., Okamoto, K., Ojima, F., Sakamoto, H., Ishiguro, Y. & Furukawa, S. (1994). Erinacines A, B and C, strong stimulators of nerve growth factor (NGF)-synthesis, from the mycelia of Hericium erinaceum. Tetrahedron Lett, 35,1569-1572. doi: 10.1016/S0040-4039(00)76760-8
Kawagishi, H., Shirai, R., Sakamoto, H. S., Ojima, F. & Ishiguro, Y. (1992). Erinapyrone-a and Erinapyrone-B from the Cultured Mycelia of Hericium-Erinaceum. Chemistry Letters, 12,2475–2476. doi:10.1246/cl.1992.2475
Kenmoku, H., Oozone, T., Sugai, T. & Sassa, T. (2001). Mass production of pure gibberellin A1 by Phaeosphaeria sp. L487 and the fungal preparation of [U-13C]gibberellin A1. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem, 65(9), 2095–2097. doi: 10.1271/bbb.65.2095
Kim, S. P., Moon, E., Nam, S. H. & Friedman, M. (2012). Hericium erinaceus mushroom extracts protect infected mice against Salmonella Typhimurium-Induced liver damage and mortality by stimulation of innate immune cells. J. Agric. Food Chem, 60(22), 5590–5596. doi: 10.1021/jf300897w
Kuo, H. C., Lu, C. C., Shen, C. H., Tung, S. Y., Hsieh , M. C., Lee, K. C., Lee, L. Y., Chen, C. C., Teng, C. C., Huang, W. S., Chen, T. C. & Lee, K. F. (2016). Hericium erinaceus mycelium and its isolated erinacine A protection from MPTP-induced neurotoxicity through the ER stress, triggering an apoptosis cascade. J. Transl. Med. 14,78. doi: 10.1186/s12967-016-0831-y
Kushairi, N., Phan, C. W., Sabaratnam, V., David, P. & Naidu, M. (2019). Lion's Mane Mushroom, Hericium erinaceus (Bull.: Fr.) Pers. Suppresses H2O2-Induced Oxidative Damage and LPS-Induced Inflammation in HT22 Hippocampal Neurons and BV2 Microglia. Antioxidants (Basel). 8(8):261. doi: 10.3390/antiox8080261
Lee, D. G., Kang, H. W., Park, C. G., Ahn, Y. S. & Shin, Y. (2016). Isolation and identification of phytochemicals and biological activities of Hericium ernaceus and their contents in Hericium strains using HPLC/UV analysis. J. Ethnopharmacol, 184, 219–225. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2016.02.038
Lee, K. F., Chen, J. H., Teng, C. C., Shen, C. H., Hsieh, M. C., Lu, C. C., Lee, K. C., Lee, L. Y., Chen, W. P., Chen, C. C., Huang, W. S. & Kuo, H. C. (2014). Protective effects of Hericium erinaceus mycelium and its isolated erinacine A against ischemia-injury-induced neuronal cell death via the inhibition of iNOS/p38 MAPK and nitrotyrosine. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 15(9), 15073-89. doi: 10.3390/ijms150915073
Lee, K., Lee, K. F., Tung, S., Huang, W., Lee, L., Chen, W., Chen, C., Teng, C., Shen, C. & Hsieh, M. (2019). Induction apoptosis of erinacine A in human colorectal cancer cells involving the expression of TNFR, Fas, and Fas ligand via the JNK/p300/p50 signaling pathway with histone acetylation. Front. Pharmacol. 10,1174. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01174
Li, D. & Mehta. J. L. (2005). Oxidized LDL, a critical factor in atherogenesis. Cardiovascular Research, 68(3),353–354. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20102474
Li, G., Yu, K., Li. F., Xu K., Li, J., He, S., Cao, S. & Tan, G. (2014). Anticancer potential of Hericium erinaceus extracts against human gastrointestinal cancers. J. Ethnopharmacol, 153(2), 521–530. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.03.003
Li, I. C., Chang, H. H., Lin, C. H., Chen, W. P., Lu, T. H., Lee, L. Y., Chen, Y. W., Chen, Y. P., Chen, C. C. & Lin, D. P. C. (2020). Prevention of Early Alzheimer's Disease by Erinacine A-Enriched Hericium erinaceus Mycelia Pilot Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study. Front Aging Neurosci, 12:155. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00155
Li, I. C., Chen, Y. L., Lee, L. Y., Chen. W. P., Tsai, Y. T., Chen, C. C.& Chen, C. S. (2014). Evaluation of the toxicological safety of erinacine A-enriched Hericium erinaceus in a 28-day oral feeding study in Sprague-Dawley rats. Food Chem. Toxicol, 70,61-7.
Li, I. C., Lee, L. Y., Tzeng, T. T., Chen, W. P., Chen, Y. P., Shiao, Y. J. & Chen, C.C. (2018). Neurohealth Properties of Hericium erinaceus Mycelia Enriched with Erinacines. Behav Neurol, 2018:5802634. doi: 10.1155/2018/5802634
Liang, B., Guo, Z., Xie, F. & Zhao, A. (2013). Antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic activities of aqueous extract of Hericium erinaceus in experimental diabetic rats. BMC Complement Altern Med, 13: 253. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-13-253
Libby, P. (2002). Inflammation in atherosclerosis. Nature, 26,420 (6917), 868-74. doi: 10.1038/nature01323
Lin, C. Y., Chen, Y. J., Hsu, C. H., Lin, Y. H., Chen, P. T., Kuo, T. H., Ho, C. T., Chen, H. H., Huang, S. J. & Chiu, H. C. (2023). Erinacine S from Hericium erinaceus mycelium promotes neuronal regeneration by inducing neurosteroids accumulation. J. Food Drug Anal, 31, 32–54. doi:10.38212/2224-6614.3446
Liu, S., Galat, V. & Galat, Y. (2021). NK cell-based cancer immunotherapy: from basic biology to clinical development. J. Hematol. Onco, 14(7). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13045-020-01014-w
Ma, K., Zhang, Y., Guo, C., Yang, Y., Han, J., Yu, B., Yin, W. & Liu, H. (2021). Reconstitution of biosynthetic pathway for mushroom-derived cyathane diterpenes in yeast and generation of new “non-natural” analogues. Acta Pharm. Sin. B. 11, 2945–2956. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsb.2021.04.014
Malinowska, E., Krzyczkowski, W., Lapienis, G. & Herold, F. (2009). Improved simultaneous production of mycelial biomass and polysaccharides by submerged culture of Hericium erinaceum: optimization using a central composite rotatable design (CCRD). J. Ind. Microbiol, 36(12),1513–1527.
Martínez-Mármol, R., Chai, Y., Conroy, J. N., Khan, Z., Hong, S. M., Kim, S. B., Gormal, R. S., Lee, D. H., Lee, J. K, Coulson, E. J., Lee, M. K., Kim, S. Y. & Meunier, F. A. (2023). Hericerin derivatives activates a pan-neurotrophic pathway in central hippocampal neurons converging to ERK1/2 signaling enhancing spatial memory. J. Neurochem,165, 791–808. https://doi.org/10.1111/jnc.15767
Meena, B., Sivakumar, V. & Praneetha, S. (2020). Prospects of biodiversity and distribution of mushroom fungi in India. GSC Biol. Pharm. Sci, 13(1), 078–085. https://doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2020.13.1.0329
Mori, K., Inatomi, S., Ouchi, K., Azumi, Y. & Tuchida, T. (2009). Improving effects of the mushroom Yamabushitake (Hericium erinaceus) on mild cognitive impairment: a double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Phytother Res, 23(3), 367-372. doi: 10.1002/ptr.2634.
Mori, K., Obara, Y., Hirota, M., Azumi, Y., Kinugasa, S., Inatomi, S. & Nakahata, N. (2008). Nerve growth factor-inducing activity of Hericium erinaceus in 1321N1 human astrocytoma cells. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 31,1727-1732. doi: https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.31.1727
Murray, C. J. & Lopez, A. D. (1997). Global mortality, disability, and the contribution of risk factors: Global Burden of Disease Study. Lancet, 349(9063), 1436-42. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(96)07495-8
Nagai, K., Chiba, A., Nishino, T., Kubota, T. & Kawagishi, H. (2006). Dilinoleoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine from Hericium erinaceum protects against ER stress-dependent Neuro2a cell death via protein kinase C pathway. J. Nutr. Biochem, 17(8), 525–530. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2005.09.007
Nagano, M., Shimizu, K., Kondo, R., Hayashi, C., Sato, D., Kitagawa, K. & Ohnuki, K. (2010). Reduction of depression and anxiety by 4 weeks Hericium erinaceus intake. Biomed Res, 4,231-7. doi: 10.2220/biomedres.31.231
Narayanan, M., Reddy, K. M. & Marsicano, E. (2018). Peptic Ulcer Disease and Helicobacter pylori infection. Med. 115(3), 219-224.
Nathan, D. M., Genuth, S., Lachin, J., Cleary, P., Crofford, O., Davis, M., Rand, L. & Siebert, C. (1993). The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N. Engl. J. Med. 329(14), 977-86. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199309303291401
Nguyen, T. H., Nagasaka, R. & Ohshima, T. (2013). The Natural Antioxidant Ergothioneine: Resources, Chemical Characterization, and Applications; Logan, A., Nienaber, U., Pan, X., Eds., AOCS Press: Urbana, IL, USA,; ISBN 978-0-9830791-6-3.
Niego, A. G., Rapior, S., Thongklang, N., Raspe, O., Jaidee, W., Lumyong, S., & Hyde, K. D. (2021). Macrofungi as a Nutraceutical Source: Promising Bioactive Compounds and Market Value. J. Fungi (Basel), 7(5), 397. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7050397
Nishikawa, T., Edelstein, D., Du, X. L., Yamagishi, S., Matsumura, T., Kaneda, Y., Yorek, M. A., Beebe, D., Oates, P. J. & Hammes, H. P. (2000). Normalizing mitochondrial superoxide production blocks three pathways of hyperglycaemic damage. Nature, 404(6779),787–790. doi: 10.1038/35008121
Ohkubo, Y., Kishikawa, H., Araki, E., Miyata, T., Isami, S., Motoyoshi, S., Kojima, Y., Furuyoshi, N. & Shichiri, M. (1995). Intensive insulin therapy prevents the progression of diabetic microvascular complications in Japanese patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: a randomized prospective 6-year study. Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract. 28(2), 103–117. doi: 10.1016/0168-8227(95)01064-K
Rahman, M. A., Abdullah, N. & Aminudin, N. (2014). Inhibitory effect on in vitro LDL oxidation and HMG Co-A reductase activity of the liquid-liquid partitioned fractions of Hericium erinaceus (Bull.) Persoon (lion's mane mushroom). Biomed. Res. Int, 2014,828149. doi: 10.1155/2014/828149
Rajasekaran, S., Sivagnanam, K. & Subramanian, S. (2005). Antioxidant effect of Aloe vera gel extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats. Pharmacol Rep, 57(1), 90–96. doi: 10.1016/j.jacme.2014.01.005
Roger, V. L., Go, A. S., Lloyd, D. M., Benjamin, E. J., Berry, J. D., Borden, W. B., Bravata, D. M., Dai, S., Ford, E. S., Fox, C. S., Fullerton, H. J., Gillespie, C., Hailpern, S. M., Heit, J. A., Howard, V. J., Kissela, B. M., Kittner, S. J., Lackland, D. T., Lichtman, J. H., Lisabeth, L. D., Makuc, D. M., Marcus, G. M., Marelli, A., Matchar, D. B., Moy, C. S., Mozaffarian, D., Mussolino, M. E., Nichol, G., Paynter, N. P., Soliman, E. Z., Sorlie, P. D., Sotoodehnia, N., Turan, T. N., Virani, S. S., Wong, N. D., Woo, D. & Turner, M. B. (2012). American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Heart disease and stroke statistics--2012 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation, 125(1),e2-e220. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0b013e31823ac046
Rupcic, Z., Rascher, M., Kanaki, S., Köster, R. W., Stadler, M. & Wittstein, K. (2018). Two New Cyathane Diterpenoids from Mycelial Cultures of the Medicinal Mushroom Hericium erinaceus and the Rare Species, Hericium flagellum. Int. J. Mol. Sci, 19, 740. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19030740
Ryu, S. H., Hong, S. M., Khan, Z., Lee, S. K., Vishwanath, M., Turk, A., Yeon, S. W., Jo, Y. H., Lee, D. H. & Lee, J. K. (2021). Neurotrophic isoindolinones from the fruiting bodies of Hericium erinaceus. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 31, 127714. doi: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127714
Ryu, S., Kim, H. G., Kim, J. Y., Kim, S. Y. & Cho, K. O. (2018). Hericium erinaceus extract reduces anxiety and depressive behaviors by promoting hippocampal neurogenesis in the adult mouse brain. J. Med. Food, 21,174–180. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2017.4006
Schildkraut, J. J. (2006). The catecholamine hypothesis of affective disorders: A review of supporting evidence. Am. J. Psychiatry, 112, 509-522. doi: 10.1176/ajp.122.5.509
Sheu, S. C., Lyu, Y., Lee, M. S. & Cheng, J. H. (2013). Immunomodulatory effects of polysaccharides isolated from Hericium erinaceus on dendritic cells. Process Biochem. 48(9): 1402-8. doi: 10.1016/j.procbio.2013.06.012
Shih, S. C., Tseng, K. W., Lin, S. C., Kao, C. R., Chou ,S. Y., Wang, H. Y., Chang, W. H., Chu, C. H., Wang, T. E. & Chien, C. L. (2005). Expression patterns of transforming growth factor-beta and its receptors in gastric mucosa of patients with refractory gastric ulcer. World J. Gastroenterol, 11(1), 136-141. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v11.i1.136
Shin, M. H., Kim, J., Lim, S. A., Kim, J., Kim, S. J. & Lee, K. M. (2020). NK Cell-Based Immunotherapies in Cancer. Immune Netw. 20(2):e14. doi: 10.4110/in.2020.20.e14
Sokol, S., Golak-Siwulska, I., Sobieralski, K., Siwulski, M. & Gorka, K. (2015). Biology, cultivation, and medicinal functions of the mushroom Hericium erinaceum. Acta Mycologica,50(2), 60-594. doi: 10.5586/am.1069.0
Thongbai, B., Rapior, S., Hyde, K. D., Wittstein, K. & Stadler, M. (2015). Hericium erinaceus, an amazing medicinal mushroom. Mycological Progress, 14(91), 1-23. doi: 10.1007/s11557-015-1105-4
Tripodi, F., Falletta, E., Leri, M., Angeloni, C., Beghelli, D., Giusti, L., Milanesi, R., Sampaio-Marques, B., Ludovico, P., Goppa, L., Rossi, P., Savino, E., Bucciantini, M. & Coccetti, P. (2022). Anti-Aging and Neuroprotective Properties of Grifola frondosa and Hericium erinaceus Extracts. Nutrients. 14(20):4368. doi: 10.3390/nu14204368
Tzeng, T. T., Chen, C. C., Lee, L. Y., Chen, W. P., Lu, C. K., Shen, C. C., Ying, H. F. C, Chen ,C. C. & Shiao, Y. J. (2016). Erinacine A-enriched Hericium erinaceus mycelium ameliorates Alzheimer's disease-related pathologies in APPswe/PS1dE9 transgenic mice. J. Biomed. Sci, 23(1), 49. doi: 10.1186/s12929-016-0266-z
Uffelman, C. N., Chan, N. I., Davis, E. M., Wang, Y., McGowan, B. S. & Campbell, W. W. (2023). An Assessment of Mushroom Consumption on Cardiometabolic Disease Risk Factors and Morbidities in Humans: A Systematic Review. Nutrients. 15(5):1079. doi:10.3390/nu15051079
Wang, J. C., Hu, S. H., Wang, J. T., Chen, K. S. & Chia, Y. C. (2005). Hypoglycemic effect of extract of Hericium erinaceus. J. Sci. Food Agric, 85, 641–646. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.1928
Wang, L. Y., Huang, C. S., Chen, Y. H., Chen, C. C., Chen, C. C. & Chuang, C. H. (2019). Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Erinacine C on NO Production through Down-Regulation of NF- κB and Activation of Nrf2-Mediated HO-1 in BV2 Microglial Cells Treated with LPS. Molecules, 24(18): 3317. doi:10.3390/molecules24183317
Wild, S., Roglic, G., Green, A., Sicree, R. & King, H. (2004). Global prevalence of diabetes: estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030. Diabetes Care, 27(5),1047–1053. doi: 10.2337/diacare.27.5.1047
Wong, K. H., Vikineswary, S., Abdullah, N., Naidu, M. & Keynes, R. (2007). Activity of aqueous extracts of lion's mane mushroom Hericium erinaceus (Bull Fr) Pers (Aphyllophoromycetideae) on the neural cell line NG108-15. Int. J. Med. Mushrooms, 9, 57–65. doi: 10.3390/antiox8080261
Wu, S. H., Kirk, P. M., Redhead, S. A., Stalpers, J. A., Dai, Y. C., Norvell, L. L., Yang, Z. L., Ryvarden, L., Su, C. H., Li, Y. U., Zhuang, W. Y., Yao, Y. J., Chen, C. J., Chen, L. C., Yu, Z. H. & Wang, X. C. (2012). Resolution of the nomenclature for niu-chang-chih (Taiwanofungus camphoratus), an important medicinal polypore. Taxon, 61(6),1305–1310. doi: 10.1002/tax.616011
Wu, T. & Xu, B. J. (2015). Antidiabetic and antioxidant activities of eight medicinal mushroom species from China. Int. J. Med. Mushrooms; 17: 129-40. doi: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.v17.i2.40
Xie, X., Ren, K. & Zhou, Z. (2022). The global, regional and national burden of peptic ulcer disease from 1990 to 2019: a population-based study. BMC Gastroenterol. 22, 58. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12876-022-02130-2
Yang, H., Hwang, I. & Kim, S. (2013). Lentinus edodes promotes fat removal in hypercholesterolemic mice. Exp. Ther. Med. 6(6), 1409–1413. http://dx.doi.org/10.11 55/2019/3030967
Yim, M. H., Shin, J. W., Son, J. Y., Oh, S. M., Han, S. H., Cho, J. H., Cho, C. K., Yoo, H. S., Lee, Y. W. & Son, C. G. (2007). Soluble components of Hericium erinaceum induce NK cell activation via production of interleukin-12 in mice splenocytes. Acta Pharmacol. Sin, 28(6), 901–907. doi: 10.1111/j.1745-7254.2007.00577.x
Yoshida, H. & Kisugi, R. (2010). Mechanisms of LDL oxidation. Clinica Chimica Acta, 411(23-24), 1875–1882. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbacli.2017.07.002
Zhang, Y., Liu, L., Bao, L., Yang, Y., Ma, K. & Liu, H. (2018). Three new cyathane diterpenes with neurotrophic activity from the liquid cultures of Hericium erinaceus. J Antibiot (Tokyo). 71(9):818-821. doi:10.1038/s41429-018-0065-8
Zhang, Y., Yang, S., Wang, A., Sun, Z., Zhuo, Y. & Xu, Y. (2015). Protective effect of ethanol extracts of Hericium erinaceus on alloxan-induced diabetic neuropathic pain in rats. Evid Based Complement Altern Med 2015. 595480. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/595480
Zhang, Z., Lv, G., Pan, H., Pandey, A., He, W. & Fan, L. (2012). Antioxidant and hepatoprotective potential of endo-polysaccharides from Hericium erinaceus grown on tofu whey. Int. J. Biol. Macromol, 51(5),1140–1146. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2012.09.002
Zhao, S., Gao, Q., Rong, C., Wang, S., Zhao, Z., Liu, Y. & Xu, J. (2020). Immunomodulatory Effects of Edible and Medicinal Mushrooms and Their Bioactive Immunoregulatory Products. J. Fungi (Basel). 6(4):269. doi: 10.3390/jof6040269
Issue
Section
Research Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
This work is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) © Author (s)
How to Cite
Unlocking the potential of Lion’s Mane Mushroom (Hericium erinaceus). (2024). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 16(1), 39-50. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v16i1.5224
