Isolation and extraction of gallic acid from Hylocereus undatus and a biochemical and histological study on laboratory Wistar albino rats with induced rheumatoid arthritis
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
Abstract
The herb Hylocereus undatus, which is rich in phytochemicals and thought to contain antioxidants comparable to those in its peel, has a lot of promise for use in the food field. The presented study aimed to study the protective effect of the aqueous extrac and the active compounds (gallic acid) isolated from the dragon fruit (H. undates) to lessen the impact of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) induced by Freund's Complete Adjuvant (CFA)) by studying some of the changes in biochemical and histochemical parameters. The Wistar albino rats (male) were divided into four groups viz., Group I : A negative control group, dosed only with plain water orally, Group II : Induced for RA by CFA, a positive control group; Group III: dosed with aqueous extract of the fruit of H. undatus (kg/500 mg); and Group IV: dosed with gallic acid isolated from this fruit (kg/mg20). The results showed a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA), platelet, interleukin 6 ( IL-6), and RF in rats treated with CFA and a significant decrease in Hb compared to the negative control group. There was a significant decrease of MDA, Platelet, IL-6, and RF in the groups treated with aqueous extract and a significant increase in Hb compared with the positive control group while there was a significant decrease in each of MDA, platelets, IL-6, and RF. Based on a histological analysis, the study group's liver and kidneys had smaller lesions and different abnormalities than the control . Thus, the fruit plant's gallic acid extracts were protective in reducing RA damage caused by CFA and improving kidney and liver tissue.
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
Freund's Complete Adjuvant (CFA), Dragon fruit, Gallic acid, Histological, Hylocereus undatus, Malondialdehyde, Rheumatoid Arthritis
Adeneye, A. A., Oreagba, A. I., Ishola, I. O. & Kalejaiye, H. A. (2014). Evaluation of the anti-arthritic activity of the hydroethanolic leaf extract of Alchornea cordifolia in rats. African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines, vol. 11, pp. 402-410. https://doi.org/10.4314/ajtcam.v11i2.26
. Akomolafe, S. F., Akinyemi, A. J. & Anadozie, S. O. (2014). Phenolic acids (gallic and tannic acids) modulate antioxidant status and cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity in rats. International Scholarly Research Notices, vol. 2014. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/984709
Aletaha, D. & Smolen, J. S. (2018). Diagnosis and management of rheumatoid arthritis: a review, Jama, vol. 320, pp. 1360-1372. https://doi.org/doi:10.1001/jama.2018.13 103
Badhani, B., Sharma, N. & Kakkar, R. (2015). Gallic acid: A versatile antioxidant with promising therapeutic and industrial applications. Rsc Advances, vol. 5, pp. 27540-27557. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5RA01911G
Cahyati, W. H., Siyam, N., & Putriningtyas, N. D. (2021). The potential of red dragon fruit peel yogurt to improve platelet levels in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in Wistar rats. Slovak Journal of Food Sciences, 15. https://doi.org/10.5219/1497
Clain, E., Haddad, J. G., Koishi, A. C., Sinigaglia, L., Rachidi, W., Desprès, P. etal. (2019). The polyphenol-rich extract from psiloxylon mauritianum, an endemic medicinal plant from Reunion Island, inhibits the early stages of dengue and Zika virus infection. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, vol. 20, p. 1860. , https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20081860
Cui, X., Wang, R., Bian, P., Wu, Q., Seshadri, V. D. D. & Liu, L. (2019). Evaluation of antiarthritic activity of nimbolide against Freund’s adjuvant induced arthritis in rats. Artificial cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 47, 3391-3398. https://doi.org/10.1080/21691401.2019.1649 269
Conde de la Rosa, L.; Goicoechea, L.; Torres, S.; Garcia-Ruiz, C.; Fernandez-Checa, J.C. (2022). Role of Oxidative Stress in Liver Disorders. Liver, 2, 283-314. https://doi.org/10.3390/livers2040023
Dey, P., Kundu, A., Kumar, A., Gupta, M., Lee, BM., Bhakta, T. & Dash, Kim HS S. (2020). Analysis of alkaloids (indole alkaloids, isoquinoline alkaloids, tropane alkaloids). Recent Advances in Natural Products Analysis, 2020, 505–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-816455-6.00015-9
Doan, K. V., Ko, C. M., Kinyua, A. W., Yang, D. J., Choi, Y.-H., Oh, I. Y. etal., (2015). Gallic acid regulates body weight and glucose homeostasis through AMPK activation. Endocrinology, 156, 157-168. https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2014-1354
Eggli, U. & Newton, L. E. (2004). Etymological dictionary of succulent plant names. Springer Science & Business Media, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-07125-0
Eldeen, I., Mohamed, H., Tan, W., Siong, J., Andriani, Y. & Tengku-Muhammad, T. (2016). Cyclooxygenase, 5-lipoxygenase and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory effects of fractions containing, α-guaiene and oil isolated from the root of Xylocarpus moluccensis. Res J Med Plant.10,86-294. https://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=rjmp.2016.286.294
Ertenli, I., Kiraz, S., Öztürk, M. A., Haznedaroğlu, I., Çelik, İ. & Çalgüneri, M. (2003). Pathologic thrombopoiesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology international, v 23, 49-60.https://doi.org/10.1007/s00296-003-0289-0
Finocchiaro, C., Fadda, M., D'Onofrio, V., Ippolito, M., Pira, C. & Devecchi, A. (2021). Oxidative stress and cancer: Role of n-3 PUFAs. In Cancer (pp. 245-253). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-819547-5.00022-5
Ganna, S.(2014). The relationship between haemoglobin level and disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Revista Brasileira de Reumatologia (English Edition), 54, 437-440. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbre.2014.0 6.003
Granado, M., Martín, A. I., Villanúa, M. Á. & López-Calderón, A. (2007). Experimental arthritis inhibits the insulin-like growth factor-I axis and induces muscle wasting through cyclooxygenase-2 activation. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism, 292, E1656-E1665. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00502.20 06
Halliwell, B. and Chirico, S. (1993). Lipid peroxidation: its mechanism, measurement and significance. Am J Clin Nutr. 57,715-724. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/57.5.715S
Harahap, N., Sinaga, F. & Nailuvar, R. (2019). Effect of red-fleshed pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) to increase gluthatione peroxidase levels in male rats (Rattus norvegicus): The Induced Oxidative Stress, In Proceedings of The 5th Annual International Seminar on Trends in Science and Science Education, AISTSSE 2018, 18-19 October 2018, Medan, Indonesia. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.18-10-2018.2287360
Hazzaa, S. A., Al-lehebe, N. I., Yaseen, AT. and Al-Hamadany, AYM. (2022). Evaluation of Biochemical and Hematological Parameters in Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency Patients Associated Covid19 infection. Egyptian Journal of Chemistry. 65 (4), 221 – 229. https://doi.org/10.21608/ejchem.2021.88082.4240
Heidari, R., Jamshidzadeh, A., Niknahad, H., Safari, F., Azizi, H., Abdoli, N. & Najibi, A. (2016). The hepatoprotection provided by taurine and glycine against antineoplastic drugs induced liver injury in an ex vivo model of normothermic recirculating isolated perfused rat liver. Trends in Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2(1), 59-76.
Hernández, Y. D. O. & Salazar, J. A. C. (2012). Pitahaya (Hylocereus spp.): a short review. Comunicata Scientiae,3, 20-237, . https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 288047198_Pitahaya_Hylocereus_spp_A_sh ort_review
Hossain, F. M., Numan, S. M. N. & Akhtar, S. (2021). Cultivation, nutritional value, and health benefits of Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus spp.): A Review. International Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology, 8,259-269. https://doi.org/10.22059/ijhst.2021.311550.400
Hsu C.L. & Yen, G.C. (2007). Effect of gallic acid on high fat diet-induced dyslipidaemia, hepatosteatosis and oxidative stress in rats. British Journal of Nutrition, 98, 727-735. https://doi.org/10.1017/S000711450774686X
Humphreys, J., Warner, A., Chipping, J., Marshall, T., Lunt, M., Symmons, D. et al. (2014). Mortality trends in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis over 20 years: results from the Norfolk Arthritis Register. Arthritis care & Research, 66, 1296-1301. https://doi.org/10.1002/acr.22 296
Hussain K. A. M. & Khalaf, A. A. (2020). Preparation and diagnosis of Xerogel nanocomposites And Studying Their Effect on TNF-α Level before and after Loading Dexamethason in Male White Rats Induced Rheumatoid Arthritis. Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, vol. 14. https://doi.org/10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.11972
Jakobsson, P. J., Robertson, L., Welzel, J., Zhang, M., Zhihua, Y., Kaixin, G. etal. (2022). Where traditional Chinese medicine meets Western medicine in the prevention of rheumatoid arthritis. Journal of Internal Medicine, 292, 745-763. https://doi.org/10.1111/joim.13537
Jiang, M., Cui, B. W., Wu, Y. L., Nan, J. X., & Lian, L. H. (2021). Genus Gentiana: A review on phytochemistry, pharmacology and molecular mechanism. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 264, 113391. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2020.113391
Jinrong B., Yunsen Z., Ce T., Ya H., Xiaopeng A., Xiaorui C., Yi Z., Xiaobo W., X.( 2021 ) .Gallic acid: Pharmacological activities and molecular mechanisms involved in inflammation-related diseases. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 133, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2020.11 0985
Kapcum, C., Uriyapongson, S. & Uriyapongson, J. (2021). Phenolics, anthocyanins and antioxidant activities in waste products from different parts of purple waxy corn (Zea mays L.). Songklanakarin Journal of Science & Technology, 43, https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12030603
Karamac, M., Kosiñska, A. & Pegg, R. B. (2006). Content of gallic acid in selected plant extracts. Polish Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences, , Vol. 15/56, No 1, pp. 55– 58 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/2857267 11_Content_of_Gallic_aci d_in_selected_plant_extracts
Karimi-Khouzani, O., Heidarian, E. & Amini, S. A. (2017). Anti-inflammatory and ameliorative effects of gallic acid on fluoxetine-induced oxidative stress and liver damage in rats. Pharmacological Reports, 69, 830-835. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharep.2017.03.011
Kirkwood, B.R. (1988). Essentials of Medical Statistics. Boston, Mass: Black-well Scientific Publications.
Machha, A., Achike, F. I., Mustafa, A. M. & Mustafa, M. R. (2007). Quercetin, a flavonoid antioxidant, modulates endothelium-derived nitric oxide bioavailability in diabetic rat aortas. Nitric Oxide, 16(4), 442-447. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.niox.2007.04.001
McInnes, B. & Schett, G. (2017). Pathogenetic insights from the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. The Lancet, 389,2328-2337. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(17)31472-1
Mitscher, L.A., Drake, S., Gollapudi, S.R., Harris, J.A. & Shankel, D.M. (1986). Isolation and Identification of Higher Plant Agents Active in Antimutagenic Assay Systems: Glycyrrhiza glabra . In: Shankel, D.M., Hartman, P.E., Kada, T., Hollaender, A., Wilson, C.M., Kuny, G. (eds) Antimutagenesis and Anticarcinogenesis Mechanisms. Basic Life Sciences, vol 39. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5182-5_13
Mohammed, B. M., Sanford, K. W., Fisher, B. J., Martin, E. J., Contaifer Jr, D., Warncke, U. O. etal. (2017). Impact of high dose vitamin C on platelet function. World journal of critical care medicine, 6, 37. https://dx.doi.org/10.5492/wjccm.v6.i1.37
Nair G. G. & Nair, C. K. K. (2013). Radioprotective effects of gallic acid in mice. BioMed Research International, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/953079
Nasuti, C., Bordoni, L., Fedeli, D. & Gabbianelli, R. (2019). Effect of Nigella sativa oil in a rat model of adjuvant-induced arthritis. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute Proceedings, 11, 16. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019011016
Nell, V., Machold, K. P., Stamm, T. A., Eberl, G., Heinzl, H., Uffmann, M. et al. (2005). Autoantibody profiling as early diagnostic and prognostic tool for rheumatoid arthritis, Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, 64, 1731-1736. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ard.2005.035691
Nouri, A., Salehi-Vanani, N. & Heidarian, E. (2021). Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and protective potential of gallic acid against paraquat-induced liver toxicity in male rats. Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine, 11,633. https://doi.org/10.22038%2FAJP.2021.18581
Pansai, N., Chakree, K., Takahashi Yupanqui, C., Raungrut, P., Yanyiam, N. & Wichienchot, S. (2020). Gut microbiota modulation and immune boosting properties of prebiotic dragon fruit oligosaccharides, International Journal of Food Science & Technology, 55, 55-64. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijfs.14230
Patel M. G. & Pundarikakshudu, K. (2016). Anti-arthritic activity of a classical Ayurvedic formulation Vatari Guggulu in rats," Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, 6, 389-394. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcme.2015.08.007
Patel, S. & Ishnava, K. (2019). In-vitro Antioxidant and Antimicrobial activity of Fruit Pulp and Peel of Hylocereu sundatus (Haworth) Britton and Rose. Asian Journal of Ethnopharmacology and Medicinal Foods, 5, 30-34. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/3 33966156_Hylocereus_undatus_Ha worth_Britto n_and _Rose
Patil, K. R., Patil, C. R., Jadhav, R. B., Mahajan, V. K., Patil, P. R. & Gaikwad, P. S. (2011). Anti-arthritic activity of bartogenic acid isolated from fruits of Barringtonia racemosa Roxb.(Lecythidaceae). Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1093/ecam/nep148
Punithavathi, V. R., Prince, P. S. M., Kumar, R. & Selvakumari, J. (2011). Antihyperglycaemic, antilipid peroxidative and antioxidant effects of gallic acid on streptozotocin induced diabetic Wistar rats, European Journal of Pharmacology, 650, 465-471. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.08.059
Radovanović, B. , Mladenović, J. , Radovanović, A. , Pavlović, R. & Nikolić, V. (2015). Phenolic composition, antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activites of Allium porrum L. (Serbia) extracts. Journal of Food and Nutrition Research, 3(9), 564-569. https://doi: 10.12691/jfnr-3-9-1
Ramkumar, K., Vijayakumar, R., Vanitha, P., Suganya, N., Manjula, C., Rajaguru, P. et al., (2014). Protective effect of gallic acid on alloxan-induced oxidative stress and osmotic fragility in rats. Human & Experimental Toxicology, 33, 638-649. https://doi.org/10.1177/0960327113504792
Rasool, M. K., Sabina, E. P., Ramya, S. R., Preety, P., Patel, S., Mandal, N. et al., (20100. Hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of gallic acid in paracetamol-induced liver damage in mice. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, . 62,638-643. https://doi: 10.1211/jpp.62.05.0012.
Rathi, B., Bodhankar, S., Mohan, V. & Thakurdesai, P. (2013). Ameliorative effects of a polyphenolic fraction of Cinnamomum zeylanicum L. bark in animal models of inflammation and arthritis. Scientia Pharmaceutica, 81, 567-590. https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.1301-16
Reckziegel, P., Dias, V. T., Benvegnú, D. M., Boufleur, N., Barcelos, R. C. S., Segat, H. J. etal. (2016). Antioxidant protection of gallic acid against toxicity induced by Pb in blood, liver and kidney of rats. Toxicology Reports, 3, 351-356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2016.02.005
Rochette, L., Zeller, M., Cottin, Y. & Vergely, C. (2014). Diabetes, oxidative stress and therapeutic strategies. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-General Subjects, 1840(9), 2709-2729. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.05.017
Scott, D. L., Galloway, J., Cope, A., Pratt, A. & Strand, V. (2020). Oxford Textbook of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198 831433.003.0026
Singh, A. K. and Vinayak, M. (2015). Curcumin attenuates CFA induced thermal hyperalgesia by modulation of antioxidant enzymes and down regulation of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6. Neurochemical Research, 40, 463-472. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-014-1489-6
Singla, K., Sandhu, SV., Pal, K., Bansal, H., Bhullar, RK., Kaur, P. (2017). Comparative evaluation of different histoprocessing methods. Int J Health Sci. (Qassim),11(2),28-34. PMID: 28539860; PMCID:
Sofowora, A., Ogunbodede, E. & Onayade, A. (2013). The role and place of medicinal plants in the strategies for disease prevention," African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines, 10, 210-229. https://doi.org/10.4314/ajtcam.v10i5.2
Stillinger, D., Helland, K. & Van Atta, C. (1983). Experiments on the transition of homogeneous turbulence to internal waves in a stratified fluid. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 131, 91-122. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112083001251
Swarup, K. R. A., Sattar, M. A., Abdullah, N. A., Abdulla, M. H., Salman, I. M., Rathore, H. A. etal. (2010). Effect of dragon fruit extract on oxidative stress and aortic stiffness in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats. Pharmacognosy Research, 2, 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0974-8490.60582
Verma, D., Yadav, R., Rani, M., Punar, S., Sharma, A. & Maheshwari, R. (2017). Miraculous health benefits of exotic dragon fruit," Research Journal of Chemical and Environmental Sciences, vol. 5, pp. 94-96.
Vetal, S., Bodhankar, S. L., Mohan, V. & Thakurdesai, P. A. (2013). Anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activity of type-A procyanidine polyphenols from bark of Cinnamomum zeylanicum in rats. Food Science and Human Wellness, vol. 2, pp. 59-67, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fshw.2013.03.003
Vincenzi, B., Armento, G., Spalato Ceruso, M., Catania, G., Leakos, M., Santini, D. and Tonini, G. (2016). Drug-induced hepatotoxicity in cancer patients-implication for treatment. Expert Opinion on Drug Safety, 15(9), 1219-1238. https://doi.org/10.1080/14740338.2016.1194824
Lad, H., Bhatnagar, D., (2017),Modulation of oxidative stress mediators in the liver of adjuvant induced arthritic rats by Nyctanthes arbor tristis . Clin. Phytosci. 3, 1. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40816-016-0041-4
Yoon, C.H., Chung, S. J., Lee, S.W., Park, Y.B., Lee, S.K. & Park, M.C. (2013). Gallic acid, a natural polyphenolic acid, induces apoptosis and inhibits proinflammatory gene expressions in rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Joint Bone Spine, 80, 274-279. DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2012.08.010
Sukketsiri, W., Chonpathompikunlert, P., Tanasawet, S., Choosri, N, & Wongtawatchai, T. (2016). Effects of Apium graveolens Extract on the Oxidative Stress in the Liver of Adjuvant-Induced Arthritic Rats. Preventive nutrition and food science, 21(2), 79–84. https://doi.org/10.3746/pnf.2016.21.2.79
Balendran, K., Senarathne, L.D.S.U. & Lanerolle, R.D. (2017), Crescentic glomerular nephritis associated with rheumatoid arthritis: a case report. J Med Case Reports 11, 197. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13256-017-1346-8
Keiteh W., John W., (2021), 7 - Liver and Kidney Disease in Rheumatoid Arthritis, Clinics in Rheumatic Diseases, Volume 3, Issue 3, , Pages 527-547, https://doi.org/1 0.1016/S0307-742X(21)00040-0
Rosa D., João R., Bruno S. & Maria E. ( 2021), Phenolic Compounds Impact on Rheumatoid Arthritis, Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Microbiota Modulation, Pharmaceutics, 13(2), 145., https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fpharmaceu tics13020145
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
This work is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) © Author (s)