Dissecting the biochemical and hormonal changes of thidiazuron on defoliation of cotton CO17 (Gossypium hirsutum) to enhance mechanical harvest efficiency
Article Main
Abstract
Using chemical defoliants to remove cotton leaves represents a groundbreaking shift in cotton cultivation. The mechanization of cotton harvest is increasing, but a substantial amount of foliage that remains on the plant even at maturity is the major barrier for mechanical harvest. Properly completing mechanical and manual harvests requires artificial leaf detachment through defoliants. Still there is no proper defoliant concentration, application times and mechanism of action available. Therefore, the present study aimed to find an effective defoliant and application time to enhance mechanical harvest efficiency, along with a clear description of the mechanism of actions in cotton CO17 (Gossypium hirsutum). The field experiment was conducted during the year 2019-20 and used five concentrations of Thidiazuron defoliant (100, 150, 200, 250 and 300ppm) and Ethephon@0.5% (T2) in cotton variety CO17 to study the physiological, biochemical and hormonal responses at 120, 127 and 134 days after sowing. As a result, the concentrations of plant growth hormones, indole-3 acetic acid (4.9 fold), zeatin (32.7%) and gibberellic acid (7 fold) reduced. In contrast, abscisic acid (48.6%), jasmonic acid (34.9%), salicylic acid (2.15 fold) increased in the T7- Thidiazuron + Diuron (300 ppm) treatment followed by T5-Thidiazuron + Diuron (200 ppm). Additionally, the antioxidant enzymes ascorbate peroxidase, peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, cellulase in leaves, petiole and bolls were decreased due to defoliant T5- Thidiazuron + Diuron (200 ppm) followed by T7-Thidiazuron + Diuron (300 ppm), indicating that the hormone concentration, antioxidative and hydrolytic enzymes are ruled out and forces the defoliation process.
Article Details
Article Details
Keywords
Antioxidants, Cotton, Calcium, Chemical defoliants, Leaf abscission, Magnesium, Plant hormones
References
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Saniewski, M., Góraj-Koniarska, J., Gabryszewska, E., Miyamoto, K. & Ueda, J. (2016). Auxin effectively induces the formation of the secondary abscission zone in Bryophyllum calycinum Salisb.(Crassulaceae). Acta Agrobotanica, 69(3). http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.1660
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Gapper, C. & Dolan, L. (2006). Control of plant development by reactive oxygen species. Plant Physiology, 141(2), 341-345. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.106.079079
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Parida, A. K., Das, A. B. & Mittra, B. (2004). Effects of salt on growth, ion accumulation, photosynthesis and leaf anatomy of the mangrove, Bruguiera parviflora. Trees, 18, 167-174.https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-003-0293-8
Wang, L., Deng, Y., Kong, F., Duan, B., Saeed, M., Xin, M. & Song, X. (2023). Evaluating the effects of defoliant spraying time on fibre yield and quality of different cotton cultivars. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 161(2), 205-216. 10.1017/S0021859623000151
Zhang, Q., Sun, Y., Luo, D., Li, P., Liu, T., Xiang, D., Zhang, Y., Yang, M. & Gou, L., Tian, J. (2023) Harvest Aids Applied at Appropriate Time Could Reduce the Damage to Cotton Yield and Fiber Quality. Agronomy, 13, 664. https://doi.org/10.3390/ agronomy13030664
Hasanuzzaman, M., Bhuyan, M.H.M.B., Zulfiqar, F., Raza, A., Mohsin, SM., Mahmud, J.A., Fujita & M., Fotopoulos, V. (2020). Reactive Oxygen Species and Antioxidant Defense in Plants under Abiotic Stress: Revisiting the Crucial Role of a Universal Defense Regulator. Antioxidants. 10.3390/antiox9080681.
Kroh, G. E. & Pilon, M. (2020). Regulation of Iron Homeostasis and Use in Chloroplasts. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 11,21(9):3395. 10.3390/ijms21093395.
Xu, Y., Magwanga, R. O., Cai, X., Zhou, Z., Wang, X., Wang, Y. & Liu, F. (2019). Deep transcriptome analysis reveals reactive oxygen species (ROS) network evolution, response to abiotic stress, and regulation of fiber development in cotton. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 20(8), 1863. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20081863
Du, M., Li, Y., Tian, X., Duan, L., Zhang, M., Tan, W. & Li, Z. (2014). The phytotoxin coronatine induces abscission-related gene expression and boll ripening during defoliation of cotton. PloS one, 9(5), e97652. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0097652
Muller, M. & Munne-Bosch, S. (2011). Rapid and sensitive hormonal profiling of complex plant samples by liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Plant methods, 7(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-4811-7-37
Veloz-Garcia, R., Marín-Martínez, R., Veloz-Rodríguez, R., Rodriguez-Guerra, R., Torres-Pacheco, I., González-Chavira, M. M. & Guevara-González, R. G. (2010). Antimicrobial activities of cascalote (Caesalpinia cacalaco) phenolics-containing extract against fungus Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. Industrial crops and products, 31(1), 134-138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2009.09.013
Wilkinson, S., Kudoyarova, G. R., Veselov, D. S., Arkhipova, T. N., & Davies, W. J. (2012). Plant hormone interactions: innovative targets for crop breeding and management. Journal of experimental botany, 63(9), 3499-3509. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/ers148
Koehler, S. M., Matters, G. L., Nath, P., Kemmerer, E. C. & Tucker, M. L. (1996). The gene promoter for a bean abscission cellulase is ethylene-induced in transgenic tomato and shows high sequence conservation with a soybean abscission cellulase. Plant Molecular Biology, 31, 595-606. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00042232
Asada, K. (2006). Production and scavenging of reactive oxygen species in chloroplasts and their functions. Plant physiology, 141(2), 391-396. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.106.082040
Hammerschmidt, R., Nuckles, E. M., & Kuc, J. (1982). Association of enhanced peroxidase activity with induced systemic resistance of cucumber to Colletotrichum lagenarium. Physiological Plant Pathology, 20(1), 73-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-4059(82)90025-X
Rubio, M. C., González, E. M., Minchin, F. R., Webb, K. J., Arrese‐Igor, C., Ramos, J. & Becana, M. (2002). Effects of water stress on antioxidant enzymes of leaves and nodules of transgenic alfalfa overexpressing superoxide dismutases. Physiologia plantarum, 115(4), 531-540. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3054.2002.1150407.x
Beyer Jr, W. F. & Fridovich, I. (1987). Assaying for superoxide dismutase activity: some large consequences of minor changes in conditions. Analytical biochemistry, 161(2), 559-566. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(87)90489-1
Israeli, A., Capua, Y., Shwartz, I., Tal, L., Meir, Z., Levy, M. & Ori, N. (2019). Multiple auxin-response regulators enable stability and variability in leaf development. Current Biology, 29(11), 1746-1759. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2019.04.047
Lim, P. O., Kim, H. J. & Gil Nam, H. (2007). Leaf senescence. Annu. Rev. Plant Biol., 58, 115-136. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.arplant.57.032905.105316
Shen, Y. X., Xiao, K., Liang, P., Ma, Y. W. & Huang, X. (2013). Improvement on the modified Lowry method against interference of divalent cations in soluble protein measurement. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 97, 4167-4178. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-013-4783-3
Laila, R., Robin, A. H. K., Park, J. I., Saha, G., Kim, H. T., Kayum, M. A. & Nou, I. S. (2020). Expression and role of response regulating, biosynthetic and degrading genes for cytokinin signaling during clubroot disease development. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(11), 3896. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21113896
Yu, K., Wei, J., Ma, Q., Yu, D. & Li, J. (2009). Senescence of aerial parts is impeded by exogenous gibberellic acid in herbaceous perennial Paris polyphylla. Journal of Plant Physiology, 166(8), 819-830. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2008.11.002
Hayat, Q., Hayat, S., Irfan, M. & Ahmad, A. (2010). Effect of exogenous salicylic acid under changing environment: a review. Environmental and Eexperimental Botany, 68(1), 14-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2009.08.005
Saniewski, M., Góraj-Koniarska, J., Gabryszewska, E., Miyamoto, K. & Ueda, J. (2016). Auxin effectively induces the formation of the secondary abscission zone in Bryophyllum calycinum Salisb.(Crassulaceae). Acta Agrobotanica, 69(3). http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.1660
Xie, X., He, Z., Chen, N., Tang, Z., Wang, Q., & Cai, Y. (2019). The roles of environmental factors in regulation of oxidative stress in plant. BioMed research international. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/9732325
Jin, D., Wang, X., Xu, Y. Gui, H., Zhang, H., Dong, Q & Song, M. (2020). Chemical defoliant promotes leaf abscission by altering ROS metabolism and photosynthetic efficiency in Gossypium hirsutum. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(8), 2738. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21082738
Yoon, H. I., Zhang, W. & Son, J. E. (2020). Optimal duration of drought stress near harvest for promoting bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity in kale with or without UV-B radiation in plant factories. Plants, 9(3), 295. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9030295
Gapper, C. & Dolan, L. (2006). Control of plant development by reactive oxygen species. Plant Physiology, 141(2), 341-345. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.106.079079
Li, Z., Li, L., Zhou, K., Zhang, Y., Han, X., Din, Y. & Yang, Z. (2019). GhWRKY6 acts as a negative regulator in both transgenic Arabidopsis and cotton during drought and salt stress. Frontiers in Genetics, 10, 392. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2019.00392
Parida, A. K., Das, A. B. & Mittra, B. (2004). Effects of salt on growth, ion accumulation, photosynthesis and leaf anatomy of the mangrove, Bruguiera parviflora. Trees, 18, 167-174.https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-003-0293-8
Wang, L., Deng, Y., Kong, F., Duan, B., Saeed, M., Xin, M. & Song, X. (2023). Evaluating the effects of defoliant spraying time on fibre yield and quality of different cotton cultivars. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 161(2), 205-216. 10.1017/S0021859623000151
Zhang, Q., Sun, Y., Luo, D., Li, P., Liu, T., Xiang, D., Zhang, Y., Yang, M. & Gou, L., Tian, J. (2023) Harvest Aids Applied at Appropriate Time Could Reduce the Damage to Cotton Yield and Fiber Quality. Agronomy, 13, 664. https://doi.org/10.3390/ agronomy13030664
Hasanuzzaman, M., Bhuyan, M.H.M.B., Zulfiqar, F., Raza, A., Mohsin, SM., Mahmud, J.A., Fujita & M., Fotopoulos, V. (2020). Reactive Oxygen Species and Antioxidant Defense in Plants under Abiotic Stress: Revisiting the Crucial Role of a Universal Defense Regulator. Antioxidants. 10.3390/antiox9080681.
Kroh, G. E. & Pilon, M. (2020). Regulation of Iron Homeostasis and Use in Chloroplasts. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 11,21(9):3395. 10.3390/ijms21093395.
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Dissecting the biochemical and hormonal changes of thidiazuron on defoliation of cotton CO17 (Gossypium hirsutum) to enhance mechanical harvest efficiency. (2024). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 16(1), 263-270. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v16i1.4860
