Effectiveness of domestic wastewater treatment using floating rafts a promising phyto-remedial approach: A review
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Abstract
Treatment of wastewater will lead to the problems again, if we will not use new more efficient alternative technologies/methods to avoid drawback of old technologies. Loss of water can be reduced through application of easy, inexpensive and eco-friendly technologies for wastewater treatment. Using Floating rafts to purify polluted wastewater is a process/method of ecological restoration at in-situ, as well as a complicated physical (attachment of pollutants to the root surface), chemical (degradation of metals into less toxic form) and biological process (microbial processes). Its core is utilizing aquatic plants such as Canna and Water lily and root attached microbes such as bac-teria, fungi and algae to absorb pollutants such as nitrogen and phosphorus, degrade organic matter and accumulates heavy metals in their biomass. Phytoremediation of polluted wastewater using the Floating rafts technique is an Eco-friendly method of wastewater treatment, which is economically effective to construct, requires little maintenance and increase the biodiversity as different types of plants are used. Floating rafts technique has been applied to some water pollution control projects at domestic and abroad. However, there are some factors such as plants, temperature, seasons, hydraulic retention time, coverage and initial concentration of pollutants etc. influenced to the pollutants removal efficiency of Floating rafts. In the future, the development orientation has been subjected to plant and its combinations, the transformation of Floating rafts structure and the utilization of aquatic plants, and probed the technology of Floating rafts building and management, to implement the win-win of landscape benefit and ecological function.
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Keywords
ttached microbial growth, Domestic wastewater, Floating rafts, Hydraulic retention time, Phyto-remediation
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Jamshidi, S., Akbarzadeh, A., Woo, K.S. and Valipour, A. (2014). Wastewater treatment using integrated anaerobic baffled reactor and Bio-rack wetland planted with Phragmitessp. and Typhasp. Environ. Health Sci. Eng.12 : 131-143.
Jayaweera, M.W., Kasturiarachchi, J.C. andKularatnea, R.K.A. (2008). Contribution of Water Hyacinth (Eichhorniacrassipes (Mart.) Solms) Grown under Different Nutrient Conditions to Fe-removal Mechanisms in Constructed Wetlands.Journal of Environmental Management. 87(3) : 450-460.
Jiang, X. and Wang, C. (2008). Zinc Distribution and Zinc-Binding Forms in PhragmitesAustralis under Zinc Pollution. Journal of Plant Physiology.165 : 697-704.
Jiang, Y., Tong, Y. and You, W.H. (2011). Research on Comparison of the Growth Characteristics and the Optimize Configuration Modes of the Nitrogen and Phosphorus Uptake Capacity of Three Kinds of Plant Cultivated on the Floating-Bed. China Environmental Science. 31(5) : 774-780.
Kumari, M. and Tripathi, B.D. (2014).Effect of aeration and mixed culture of Eichhorniacrassipesand Salvinianatanson removal of wastewater pollutants.Ecol. Eng.62 : 48–53.
Li, F., Fan, Z., Xiao, K., Oh, X., Ma. and Hou, W. (2009). Contamination, chemical speciation and vertical distribution of heavy metals in soils of an old and large industrial zone in Northeast China.Environ. Geol. 57 : 1815-1823.
Li, L., Yang, Y. and Yang, F.J. (2011). Growth Characteristic Features and Behaviors of Aquatic Plants in the Polluted Water.Journal of Safety and Environment. 11(3) : 14-19.
Li, W., Li, X.N. and Cao, D.W. (2008).Effect of Combined Ecological Floating Bed Technology on Improvement of Eutrophic Source Water Quality.China Water & Wastewater. 24(3) : 34-38.
Liu, F.M. (2013). Effect of Temperature on EichhorniaCrassipes Floating Island Purification.Environmental Protection Science. 39(3) : 9-11.
Liu, W., Qiu, J.R. and Wei, Z.B. (2009).Effects of Different Plants and Plant Root Exudates on Wastewater Purification.Journal of Environmental Engineering. 3(6) : 971-976.
Liu, Y.Q., Zou, G.Y. and Song, X.F. (2011). Response of Phytoplankton Community to a New Ecological Floating Bed System (EFBS) in Enclosures with Eutrophicated Water.Research of Environmental Science. 24(11) :1233-1239.
Lu, K.H., Hu, R.Y. and Liang, J.J. (2000). Characteristics of Rhizosphere Microbial Community Structure of Two Aquatic Plants in Eutrophic Waters.China Environmental Sci. Technol. 6: 49–57.
Lu, X.M., Maleeya, P. and Prayad(2004).Removal of Cadmium and Zinc by Water Hyacinth, Eichhorniacrassipes.Science Asia. 30 : 93-103.
Luo, G.Y., Bu, F.P. and Xu, X.Y. (2010). Effect of Temperature on the Ecological Floating bed System.China Environmental Science. 30(4) : 499-503.
Luo, S.T., Zhang, Y.J. and Li, J.Y. (2011). Effect of Combination of Submerged MacrophyteWith Ecological Floating Bed on Aquacultural Pollution Controlling. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment. 27(2) : 87-94.
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Effectiveness of domestic wastewater treatment using floating rafts a promising phyto-remedial approach: A review. (2017). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 9(4), 1931-1942. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v9i4.1468
