Impact of cropping systems on soil properties, nutrient availability and their carbon sequestration potential in Shiwalik hills of Himachal Pradesh
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Abstract
The impact of cropping systems on soil properties, nutrient availability and their carbon sequestration potential was studied during the years 2014 and 2015 in Shiwalik hills of Himachal Pradesh. The four commonly occurring cropping systems namely vegetable, fruit, cereal crop and agroforestry were selected. Uncultivated land in the region was considered as control. In total, there were five treatments which were replicated six times under randomized block design. The study indicated that the cropping systems in the Shiwalik hills varied significantly (P=0.05) with respect to their impact on soil properties, nutrient availability and carbon sequestration potential. The pH and EC was in the range of 6.04 to 6.90 and 0.094 to 0.138 dSm-1, respectively and were normal in range. Organic carbon and bulk density in surface soils ranged from 8.06 to 9.70 g kg-1 and 1.19 to 1.34 Mg m-3, respectively. The available NPK was highest (267.21, 19.99, 172.42 kg ha-1) under vegetable based cropping system as compared to other systems. Carbon density in surface soil ranged from 11.33 to 15.39 Mg C ha-1 and total carbon sequestered upto 30cm soil depth ranged from 601.96 to 12646.29 Gg. The study indicated that in Shiwalik hills of Himachal Pradesh, the commonly occurring cropping systems did not influence the soil properties and nutrient availability adversely. Agroforestry based cropping system is having highest potential of sequestering soil carbon in Shiwalik hills. Therefore to adapt to changing climatic situation and to mitigate its effect in the region, agroforestry based cropping system need to be encouraged.
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Keywords
Agroforestry, Carbon density, Cereal, Fruit, Vegetable
References
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Babbu, S., Jagdeep, S., Gurbir, S. and Gurpreet, K. (2015). Effects of long term application of inorganic and organic fertilizers on soil organic carbon and physical properties in maize- wheat rotation. Agronomy. 5: 220-238.
Bhandari, A. K. and Tripathi, B. R. (1979). Soil testing in fertilizer recommendations. Department of Soil Science and Chemistry. Technical Bulletin No. 10. Department of Agriculture, Himachal Pradesh, Shimla.
Bhandari, A. R. and Randhawa, N. S. (1985). Distribution of available micronutrients in soils of apple orchards in Himachal Pradesh. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Sciences. 33 : 171-175.
Chaudhri, R. S. (2000). Geology of the Shiwalik group of western and central Himalaya. In: Mittal, S.P.; Aggarwal, R.K. and Samra, J. S. (eds.) Fifty Years of Research on Sustainable Resource Management in Shivaliks. Central Soil and Water Conservation Research and Training Institute, Chandigarh, India. pp 3-18.
Cheng, L., Qi, X., Zhang, X., Li, Q. and Zhang, Y. (2011). Effect of agricultural land use changes on soil nutrients use efficiency in an agricultural area, Beijing, China. Chinese Geographical Science. 21(4): 392-402.
Degryze, S., Six. J., Paustian, K., Morris, S.J., Paul, E.A. and Merckx, R. (2004). Soil organic carbon pool changes following land-use conversions. Global Change Biology. 10 (7): 1120–1132.
FAI (1977). Handbook of Fertilizer Usage. Fertilizer Association of India, New Delhi, India.
FAO (2013). FAO Statistical Yearbook 2012–2013. Food and Agricultural Organization. Rome.
FSI (2013). India State of Forest Report. Forest Survey of India, Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India, Dehradun. 252 p.
Gicheru, P.K. and Kimigo, J. (2012). Impact on soil quality of land use change and continuous cultivation in Sasumua catchment, Kenya. Pedologist. 4: 326-331.
Gupta, N., Kukal, S. S., Bawa, S. S. and Dhaliwal, G. S. (2009). Soil organic carbon and aggregation under poplar based agroforestry system in relation to tree age and soil type. Agroforestry Systems. 76 : 27-35.
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Jing, T., Mingshang, F., Jingheng, G., Petra, M., Xiaolin, L. and Yakov, K. (2012). Effects of land use intensity on dissolved organic carbon properties and microbial structure. European Journal of Soil Biology. 52 : 67-72.
Joshi, P., Trivedi, T., Sharma, R., Verma, S., Bharti, V. and Gyota, K. (2011). ICAR’s Vision 2030. Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi.
Krishnan, P., Nair, K. M., Naidu, L. G. K., Srinivas, S., Koyal, A., Nasre, R.A., Ramesh, M. and Gajbhiye, K. S. (2004). Land, soils and land use of Lakshdeep coral islands. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Sciences. 52 : 226-231.
Loria, N., Verma, K. S., Bhardwaj, S. K. and Brahmi, M. K. (2015). Impact of catchment land use on water quality of Pong wetland of Himachal Pradesh. Indian Journal of Ecology. 42(1): 21-26.
Lungu, O. I. M. and Dynoodt, R. F. (2008). Acidification From Long-Term Use Of Urea And Its Effect On Selected Soil Properties. African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development. 8 (1) : 63-76
Mahajan, A. (2001). Characterisation of Balh valley soils of district Mandi. MSc. Thesis, Department of Soil Science, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur, India.
Merwin, H. D. and Peech, P. M. (1951). Exchangeability of soil potassium in the sand by nature of complimentary exchangeable cation. Proceedings of the Soil Science Society of America. 15: 125-128.
Minhas, R. S., Minhas, H. K. and Verma, S. D. (1997). Soil characterization in relation to forest vegetation in the wet temperate zone of Himachal Pradesh. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Sciences. 45: 146-151.
Nisar, N. and Lone, F.A. (2013). Effect of land use / land cover change on soils of Kashmir Himalayan catchment. Journal of Research on Earth and Environmental Sciences. 1(1): 13-27.
Olsen, S.R., Cole, C.V., Watanabe, F. S. and Dean, L. A. (1954). Estimation of available phosphorus by extraction with sodium bicarbonate. United States Department of Agriculture. Circular No. 939, USDA, Washington DC.
Rajeshwar, M., Rao, S., Balaguraviash, D. and Khan, A. M. A. (2009). Distribution of available micronutrients in soils of Garikapadu of Krishna district of Andhra Pradesh. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Sciences. 57: 210-213.
Sehgal, J. L., Saxena, R. K. and Vadivelu, S. (1987). Soil source mapping of different states in India. Technical Bulletin No. 13. National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Nagpur, Maharashtra. 73 p.
Sigdel, S.R., Pupakheti, D., Baral, U., Tripathea, L., Aryal R., Dhital S. and Sharma, P. (2015). Physico-chemical characteristics of soil along attitudinal gradient at southern aspect of Shivapuri Nagarjun national park, central Nepal. International Research Journal of Earth Sciences. 3(2): 1-6.
Sharma, J. C. and Kumar, V. (2011). Hydrophysical and chemical characteristics of soils under different land use in Shivalik hills of Himachal Pradesh. Indian Forester. 137(4): 463-471.
Shekhar, C. (2009). Status and distribution of magnesium in acidic soils of North-western Himalaya. MSc. Thesis. Department of Soil Science, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur, India.
Singh, K., Minhas, R.S., Sharma, I.P. and Razdan, P.N. (1980). Soil survey and land use report of S N Stokes Horticultural complex, Oachghat, Solan. Department of Soil Science and Water Management, H P Krishi Vishva Vidhayalaya, Solan, India.
Somasundaram, J., Singh, R.K., Parandiyal, A.K. and Prasad, S.N. (2009). Micronutrient status of soils under land use systems in Chambal ravines. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Sciences. 57: 307-312.
Subbiah, B.W. and Asija, G.L. (1956). A rapid procedure for estimation of available nitrogen in soil. Current Science. 25: 259-260.
Vasuki, N. (2010). Micronutrient management for enhancing crop production-future strategy and requirement. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Sciences. 58 : 32-36.
Walia, C.S. and Rao, Y.S. (1996). Genesis, characteristics and taxonomic classification of some red soils in Bundel Khand region of Uttar Pradesh. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Sciences. 44: 476-481.
Walkley, A.J. and Black, A. (1934). Estimation of soil organic carbon by chromic acid titration method. Soil Science. 37: 29-38.
Babbu, S., Jagdeep, S., Gurbir, S. and Gurpreet, K. (2015). Effects of long term application of inorganic and organic fertilizers on soil organic carbon and physical properties in maize- wheat rotation. Agronomy. 5: 220-238.
Bhandari, A. K. and Tripathi, B. R. (1979). Soil testing in fertilizer recommendations. Department of Soil Science and Chemistry. Technical Bulletin No. 10. Department of Agriculture, Himachal Pradesh, Shimla.
Bhandari, A. R. and Randhawa, N. S. (1985). Distribution of available micronutrients in soils of apple orchards in Himachal Pradesh. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Sciences. 33 : 171-175.
Chaudhri, R. S. (2000). Geology of the Shiwalik group of western and central Himalaya. In: Mittal, S.P.; Aggarwal, R.K. and Samra, J. S. (eds.) Fifty Years of Research on Sustainable Resource Management in Shivaliks. Central Soil and Water Conservation Research and Training Institute, Chandigarh, India. pp 3-18.
Cheng, L., Qi, X., Zhang, X., Li, Q. and Zhang, Y. (2011). Effect of agricultural land use changes on soil nutrients use efficiency in an agricultural area, Beijing, China. Chinese Geographical Science. 21(4): 392-402.
Degryze, S., Six. J., Paustian, K., Morris, S.J., Paul, E.A. and Merckx, R. (2004). Soil organic carbon pool changes following land-use conversions. Global Change Biology. 10 (7): 1120–1132.
FAI (1977). Handbook of Fertilizer Usage. Fertilizer Association of India, New Delhi, India.
FAO (2013). FAO Statistical Yearbook 2012–2013. Food and Agricultural Organization. Rome.
FSI (2013). India State of Forest Report. Forest Survey of India, Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India, Dehradun. 252 p.
Gicheru, P.K. and Kimigo, J. (2012). Impact on soil quality of land use change and continuous cultivation in Sasumua catchment, Kenya. Pedologist. 4: 326-331.
Gupta, N., Kukal, S. S., Bawa, S. S. and Dhaliwal, G. S. (2009). Soil organic carbon and aggregation under poplar based agroforestry system in relation to tree age and soil type. Agroforestry Systems. 76 : 27-35.
IPCC. (2003). Good Practice Guidance for Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES), Japan for the IPCC.
IPCC (2013). Climate Change 2013 : The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [ Stocker, T. F., Qin, D., Plattner, G.K., Tignor, M., Allen, S.K., Boschung, J., Nauels, A., Xia, Y., Bex, V. and Midgley, P.M. (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA, 1535p. doi:10.1017/CBO9781107415324.
Jackson, M. L. (1973). Soil chemical analysis. Prentice Hall of India Private Limited. New Delhi. 498 p.
Jing, T., Mingshang, F., Jingheng, G., Petra, M., Xiaolin, L. and Yakov, K. (2012). Effects of land use intensity on dissolved organic carbon properties and microbial structure. European Journal of Soil Biology. 52 : 67-72.
Joshi, P., Trivedi, T., Sharma, R., Verma, S., Bharti, V. and Gyota, K. (2011). ICAR’s Vision 2030. Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi.
Krishnan, P., Nair, K. M., Naidu, L. G. K., Srinivas, S., Koyal, A., Nasre, R.A., Ramesh, M. and Gajbhiye, K. S. (2004). Land, soils and land use of Lakshdeep coral islands. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Sciences. 52 : 226-231.
Loria, N., Verma, K. S., Bhardwaj, S. K. and Brahmi, M. K. (2015). Impact of catchment land use on water quality of Pong wetland of Himachal Pradesh. Indian Journal of Ecology. 42(1): 21-26.
Lungu, O. I. M. and Dynoodt, R. F. (2008). Acidification From Long-Term Use Of Urea And Its Effect On Selected Soil Properties. African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development. 8 (1) : 63-76
Mahajan, A. (2001). Characterisation of Balh valley soils of district Mandi. MSc. Thesis, Department of Soil Science, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur, India.
Merwin, H. D. and Peech, P. M. (1951). Exchangeability of soil potassium in the sand by nature of complimentary exchangeable cation. Proceedings of the Soil Science Society of America. 15: 125-128.
Minhas, R. S., Minhas, H. K. and Verma, S. D. (1997). Soil characterization in relation to forest vegetation in the wet temperate zone of Himachal Pradesh. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Sciences. 45: 146-151.
Nisar, N. and Lone, F.A. (2013). Effect of land use / land cover change on soils of Kashmir Himalayan catchment. Journal of Research on Earth and Environmental Sciences. 1(1): 13-27.
Olsen, S.R., Cole, C.V., Watanabe, F. S. and Dean, L. A. (1954). Estimation of available phosphorus by extraction with sodium bicarbonate. United States Department of Agriculture. Circular No. 939, USDA, Washington DC.
Rajeshwar, M., Rao, S., Balaguraviash, D. and Khan, A. M. A. (2009). Distribution of available micronutrients in soils of Garikapadu of Krishna district of Andhra Pradesh. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Sciences. 57: 210-213.
Sehgal, J. L., Saxena, R. K. and Vadivelu, S. (1987). Soil source mapping of different states in India. Technical Bulletin No. 13. National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Nagpur, Maharashtra. 73 p.
Sigdel, S.R., Pupakheti, D., Baral, U., Tripathea, L., Aryal R., Dhital S. and Sharma, P. (2015). Physico-chemical characteristics of soil along attitudinal gradient at southern aspect of Shivapuri Nagarjun national park, central Nepal. International Research Journal of Earth Sciences. 3(2): 1-6.
Sharma, J. C. and Kumar, V. (2011). Hydrophysical and chemical characteristics of soils under different land use in Shivalik hills of Himachal Pradesh. Indian Forester. 137(4): 463-471.
Shekhar, C. (2009). Status and distribution of magnesium in acidic soils of North-western Himalaya. MSc. Thesis. Department of Soil Science, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur, India.
Singh, K., Minhas, R.S., Sharma, I.P. and Razdan, P.N. (1980). Soil survey and land use report of S N Stokes Horticultural complex, Oachghat, Solan. Department of Soil Science and Water Management, H P Krishi Vishva Vidhayalaya, Solan, India.
Somasundaram, J., Singh, R.K., Parandiyal, A.K. and Prasad, S.N. (2009). Micronutrient status of soils under land use systems in Chambal ravines. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Sciences. 57: 307-312.
Subbiah, B.W. and Asija, G.L. (1956). A rapid procedure for estimation of available nitrogen in soil. Current Science. 25: 259-260.
Vasuki, N. (2010). Micronutrient management for enhancing crop production-future strategy and requirement. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Sciences. 58 : 32-36.
Walia, C.S. and Rao, Y.S. (1996). Genesis, characteristics and taxonomic classification of some red soils in Bundel Khand region of Uttar Pradesh. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Sciences. 44: 476-481.
Walkley, A.J. and Black, A. (1934). Estimation of soil organic carbon by chromic acid titration method. Soil Science. 37: 29-38.
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Impact of cropping systems on soil properties, nutrient availability and their carbon sequestration potential in Shiwalik hills of Himachal Pradesh. (2016). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 8(3), 1479-1484. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v8i3.987
