Three decades of using of gypsum under sodic water irrigation in coarse textured soils
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the long term use of sodic waters and gypsum on physico-chemical properties of coarse textured loamy sand soil. The study consisted of three natural occurring underground sodic waters and amendment gypsum in various cropping systems. The results demonstrated that sodic water irrigation significantly decreased infiltration rate (1.46 & 1.09 cm hr-1) and soil porosity (35.66 & 33.26 %) and increased soil strength (17.49 & 17.67 kg cm-1), pH (9.52 & 9.66), exchangeable sodium percentage (48.00 & 55.00), sodium adsorption ratio (45.14 & 54.10 (mmol/l)1/2) and calcium carbonate content (2.15 & 2.44 %). The gypsum application significantly improved infiltration rate (2.20 cm hr-1) and soil porosity (38.7 %) and reduced soil strength (16.74 kg cm-1), soil pH (9.35) exchangeable sodium percentage (39.00), sodium adsorption ratio (36.93 (mmol/l)1/2) over a period of thirty years. A significant CaCO3 build up in soil was also observed with gypsum application (3.28 % 4.56 %) as compared to its content at the start of study. Thus, it is concluded that in coarse textured soils of North west India, sodic waters up to RSC 12.0 me l-1 could safely be used crop production in combination with gypsum in loamy sand soil without any adverse effect on the physico-chemical characteristics of soil.
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
Coarse textured soil, Gypsum, Soil properties, Sodic water
Eaton, F.M. 1950. Significance of carbonates in irrigation waters. Soil Science 69, 127.
Emdad, M.R., Shahabifar, M. & Fardad. 2006. Effect of different water qualities on soil physical properties. Tenth International Water Technology Conference, IWTC10, Alexandria, Egypt.
Ezlit, Y.D., Smith R.J. & Raine, S.R. 2010. A review of salinity and sodicity irrigation. Irrigation Mellers Series No.01/10.Cooperative Research Centre for Irrigation Futures.
Jackson, M. L. 1973. Soil Chemical Analysis. Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi.
Makoi, J.H. J. R. & Verplaneke, H. 2010. Effect of gypsum placement on the physico-chemical properties of a saline sandy loam soil. Australian Journal of Crop Science 4 (7), 556- 563.
Malik, R . S . , Sharma, S. K. & Dhankhar , J . S . 1 9 8 4 Design of a sensitive and practical closed- Top infiltrometer. Soil Science 139 (5), 452-457.
Mishra,A., Sharma S.D. & Khan, G.H. 2003. Improvementin physical and chemical properties of sodic soil by 3, 6, and 9 years old plantation of Eucalyptus tereticons in bio-rejuvenation of sodic soil. Forest Ecology Management 184,115-124
Panse, V.G. & Sukhatme, P.V. 1978. Statistical Methods for Agriculture Workers.ICAR Publication, New Delhi.
Prapagar , K , Indraratne , S . P . & Premanandharajah , P . 20 12. Effec t of Soil amend me n ts on reclamation of Saline -So d ic soil . T ropi ca l Agri culture R e search , 2 3 (2), 168 -176.
Puri , A . N. 1 9 4 9. Soils - Their Phys ics and Che mi s t ry . Reinnolad Publ . Cor p n . Ne w York. Ragab, R. 2005. Advances in integrated management of fresh water and saline water for sustainable crop production: Modeling and practical solutions. 78 (1-2): 1-164, Elsevier, Amaterdam.
Richards , L . A . ( e d s .) , 1954. Diagnosis and improvement of saline and alkali soils. USDA Hand Book N o . 6 0 . Ox for d and IB H Pub. Co. , New Delhi, India.
Sharma, D. R. & Minhas, P.S. 2004. Soil properties and yields of upland crops as influenced by long-term use of water having variable residual alkalinity, salinity and sodicity. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science 1, 100-104.
Singh, Y. P., Chauhan, S. V. S., Singh, H.C. & Singh, S. 2011. Impact of Sodic Soil Reclamation Technology: An assessment of On-Farm Trials. Journal of Indian Research.and Extension Education 11 (1), 70-73.
Singh, A., and Singh, J.K. 2014. Effect of Gypsum on the Reclamation and Soil Chemical Properties in Sodic Soils of Raebareli District, Uttar Pradesh. International Journal of Scientific Research in Environmental Sciences, 12, 429-434, 2014.
Suarez, D. L. 2006. Inorganic carbon: Land Use impacts Encyclopedia of Soil Science Second edition by R.Lal: 895-897.
Warrence, N. J., Pearson, Krista E. & Bauder, J. W. 2003 Basics of salinity and sodicity effects on soil physical properties. Land Resources and Environmental Sciences Department, Montana State University - Bozeman.
Yuduvanshi, N.P.S., Swarup, A., 2005. Effect of continuous use of sodic irrigation water with and without gypsum, farmyard manure, pressmud and fertilizer on soil properties and yields of rice and wheat in a long term experiment. Nutrient Cycling in Agro-ecosystems 73, 111-118.
Walkley, A. and Black, C.A. 1965. An examination of different methods for determining soil organic matter and a proposed modifications of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Science 37 : 29-38.
This work is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) © Author (s)
