Semi-dwarf narrow rolled leaf mutant in rice: Photosynthetic efficiency and physiological response to gibberellic acid (GA3)
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Abstract
Leaf is the major component for fixation of carbondioxide to produce more photoassimilates and maintains source sink relationship in plants. The present investigation was carried out to study the photosynthetic efficiency and physiological response of GA3 of semi-dwraf narrow rolled leaf mutant. Semi-dwarf narrow rolled leaf mutant exhibited reduced plant height, reduced leaf width, reduced panicle length and number of grains per panicle when compared to wild type. Photosynthetic efficiency study revealed that the mutant showed higher photosynthetic efficiency than wild type. Complementation test with GA3 clearly revealed that this mutant is sensitive to GA3 and revert to normal plant height. Scanning Electron Microscope study revealed that mutant had exhibited minimum number of inter-veins between veins, minimum distance between midrib and has slightly larger cell size. Hence, this loss of function mutant is very useful to map the regions associated with panicle length, number of grains per panicle and other traits related to enhancement of yield. The result provides an important clue for further understanding the mechanism of rice leaf development and plant architecture.
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Keywords
Gibberellic acid, Photosynthetic efficiency, Scanning electron microscope, Semi-dwarf
References
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Cui, K.H., Peng, S.B., Xing, Y.Z., Yu, S.B and Xu, C.G. (2003). Molecular dissection of the genetic relationships of source, sink and transport tissue with yield traits in rice. Theor Appl Genet., 106:649–658
Feng, W.L., Hao, F.and He, J.Y . (2012). Photosynthetic characterization of a rolled leaf mutant of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Afr. J. Biotechnol., 11(26): 6839-6846.
Fujino, K., Matsuda, Y., Ozawa, K., Nishimura, T., Koshiba, T., Fraaije, M.W. and Sekiguchi, H. (2008). NARROW LEAF 7 controls leaf shape mediated by auxin in rice. Mol. Genet. Genomics., 279: 499-507.
Hsiao, T.C., O’Toole, J.C., Yambao, E.B. and Turner, N.C. (1984). Influence of osmotic adjustment on leaf rolling and tissue death in rice. Plant Physiol., 75: 338-341.
Hu, J., Zhu, L., Zeng, D., Gao, Z., Guo, L., Fang. Y., Zhang, G., Dong, G., Yan, M., Liu, J. and Qian, Q. (2010). Identification and characterization of NARROW AND ROLLED LEAF 1, a novel gene regulating leaf morphology and plant architecture in rice. Plant Mol. Biol., 73: 283-292.
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Lee. S, Choi, M., Lee, J. and Koh, H.J. (2011). Characteristics and Genetic Segregation of a Rolled Leaf Mutant in Rice. Kor. J. Breed. Sci. 43(4): 181-185.
Li, Qin-Xiu, Xu-Xian Peng and Yu-Lan Wang, (1979). Widecross between Oryza longistaminata A. Chev. et Rochr. and O. sativa L. Sichuan J. Agr. Sci. Tech. 1: 65-66.
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Lv, C. G., Gu. F.L., Zou, J.S. and Lu, M. L. (1991). Studies on yielding potential and related characterstics of rice ideotype. Sci Agric Sin, 24(5): 15–22. (in Chinese with English abstract).
Mitsunaga S, T. and Tashiro, J. (1994). Yamaguchi Identification and characterization of gibberellin-insensitive mutants selected from among dwarf mutants of rice Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 87(6): 705-712.
Neeraja, C.N., Vemireddy, L.R., Malathi, S. and Siddiq, E.A. (2009). Identification of alternate dwarfing gene sources to widely used Dee-Gee-Woo-Gen allele of sd1 gene by molecular and biochemical assays in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Electron. J. Biotechnol.,12. 10.2225/vol12-issue3.
Price. H and Tomos, A. D. (1997) “Genetic Dissection of Root Growth in Rice (Oryza Sativa L.). II: Mapping Quantitative Trait Loci Using Molecular Markers,” Theoretical and Applied Genetics, Vol. 95, No. 1-2.
Qi, J., Qian, Q., Bu, Q., Li, S., Chen, Q., Sun, J., Liang, W., Zhou, Y., Chu, C., Li, X., Ren, F., Palme, K., Zhao, B., Chen, J., Chen, M. and Li, C. (2008). Mutation of the Rice Narrow leaf1 Gene, Which Encodes a Novel Protein, Affects Vein Patterning and Polar Auxin Transport. Plant Physiol., 147: 1947–1959.
Shi, Z., Wang, J., Wan, X., Shen, G., Wang, X. and J. Zhang. (2007). Over-expression of rice OsAGO7 gene induces upward curling of the leaf blade that enhanced erect-leaf habit. Planta., 226: 99-108.
Su, Z. F., Xu, N. X., Sun, C. M. and Zhang Y. J. (2003). Study on the relationship between rice plant type indices after heading stage and yield formation. Sci Agric Sin, 36(1): 115–120. (in Chinese with English abstract).
Tanaka, M.U., Fujisawa, Y., Kobayashi, M., Ashikari, M., Iwasaki, Y., Kitano H. and Matsuoka, M. (2000). Rice dwarf mutant d1, which is defective in the ?-subunit of the heterotrimeric G protein, affects gibberellin signal transduction. PNAS, 97: 11648 -11643.
Wang, H., Chen, Z., Guo, T., Liu, Y. and Li, H. (2009). Genetic Analysis and Gene Mapping of Dwarf Mutant Rice CHA-1. Induced Plant Mutations in the Genomics Era. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome: 431- 433.
Wang, L.F., Hao. F. and Ji, Y.H. (2012). Photosynthetic characterization of a rolled leaf mutant of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Afr. J. Biotechnol., 11(26): 6839-6846.
Wu, C., Fu, Y., Hu, G., Si, H., Cheng, S. and Liu, W. (2010). Isolation and characterization of a rice mutant with narrow and rolled leaves. Planta, 232: 313–324.
Yan, S., Yan, C. J. and Gu, M. H. (2008). Molecular mechanism of leaf development. Hereditas, 30(9): 1127–1135.
Yuan, L. P. (1997). Hybrid rice breeding for super high yield. Hybrid Rice 12: 1–6.
Zhang, G., Chen, L., Xiao, G., Xiao, Y., Chen X. and Zhang, S. (2009). Bulked segregant analysis to detect QTL related to heat tolerance in rice using SSR markers. Agric. Sci. China 8: 482-487.
Zou, L.P., Sun, X.H., Zhang, Z.G., Liu, P., Wu, J.X., Tian, C.J., Qiu, J.L., Lu. T.G. (2011). Leaf rolling controlled by the homeodomain leucine zipper class IV gene Roc5 in rice. Plant Physiol., 156: 1589-1602.
Zuo, J. R. and Li, J. Y. (2014). Molecular dissection of complex agronomic traits of rice: A team effort by Chinese scientists in recent years. Nat Sci Rev, 1: 253–276.
Chen, Z.X., Chen, H.Q., Shao, Y.J. Zhang, Y.F. and Pan, X.B. (2005). Effect of rolled leaf Rl (t) gene on grain quality in hybrid rice (Oryza sativa). Chin. J. Rice. Sci., 19: 315-318.
Cui, K.H., Peng, S.B., Xing, Y.Z., Yu, S.B and Xu, C.G. (2003). Molecular dissection of the genetic relationships of source, sink and transport tissue with yield traits in rice. Theor Appl Genet., 106:649–658
Feng, W.L., Hao, F.and He, J.Y . (2012). Photosynthetic characterization of a rolled leaf mutant of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Afr. J. Biotechnol., 11(26): 6839-6846.
Fujino, K., Matsuda, Y., Ozawa, K., Nishimura, T., Koshiba, T., Fraaije, M.W. and Sekiguchi, H. (2008). NARROW LEAF 7 controls leaf shape mediated by auxin in rice. Mol. Genet. Genomics., 279: 499-507.
Hsiao, T.C., O’Toole, J.C., Yambao, E.B. and Turner, N.C. (1984). Influence of osmotic adjustment on leaf rolling and tissue death in rice. Plant Physiol., 75: 338-341.
Hu, J., Zhu, L., Zeng, D., Gao, Z., Guo, L., Fang. Y., Zhang, G., Dong, G., Yan, M., Liu, J. and Qian, Q. (2010). Identification and characterization of NARROW AND ROLLED LEAF 1, a novel gene regulating leaf morphology and plant architecture in rice. Plant Mol. Biol., 73: 283-292.
Lang,Y.Z., Zhang, Z.J., Gu, X.Y., Yang, J.C. and Zhu, Q.S. (2004). Physiological and ecological effects of crimpy leaf character in rice (Oryza sativa L.) II. Photosynthetic character, dry mass production and yield forming. Acta. Agron. Sin., 30: 883-887.
Lee. S, Choi, M., Lee, J. and Koh, H.J. (2011). Characteristics and Genetic Segregation of a Rolled Leaf Mutant in Rice. Kor. J. Breed. Sci. 43(4): 181-185.
Li, Qin-Xiu, Xu-Xian Peng and Yu-Lan Wang, (1979). Widecross between Oryza longistaminata A. Chev. et Rochr. and O. sativa L. Sichuan J. Agr. Sci. Tech. 1: 65-66.
Luo, Z., Z. Yang., B. Zhong., Y. Li., R. Xie., F. Zhao., Y. Ling., G. He . 2007. Genetic analysis and fine mapping of a dynamic rolled leaf gene, RL10(t), in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Genome, 50: 811-817.
Lv, C. G., Gu. F.L., Zou, J.S. and Lu, M. L. (1991). Studies on yielding potential and related characterstics of rice ideotype. Sci Agric Sin, 24(5): 15–22. (in Chinese with English abstract).
Mitsunaga S, T. and Tashiro, J. (1994). Yamaguchi Identification and characterization of gibberellin-insensitive mutants selected from among dwarf mutants of rice Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 87(6): 705-712.
Neeraja, C.N., Vemireddy, L.R., Malathi, S. and Siddiq, E.A. (2009). Identification of alternate dwarfing gene sources to widely used Dee-Gee-Woo-Gen allele of sd1 gene by molecular and biochemical assays in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Electron. J. Biotechnol.,12. 10.2225/vol12-issue3.
Price. H and Tomos, A. D. (1997) “Genetic Dissection of Root Growth in Rice (Oryza Sativa L.). II: Mapping Quantitative Trait Loci Using Molecular Markers,” Theoretical and Applied Genetics, Vol. 95, No. 1-2.
Qi, J., Qian, Q., Bu, Q., Li, S., Chen, Q., Sun, J., Liang, W., Zhou, Y., Chu, C., Li, X., Ren, F., Palme, K., Zhao, B., Chen, J., Chen, M. and Li, C. (2008). Mutation of the Rice Narrow leaf1 Gene, Which Encodes a Novel Protein, Affects Vein Patterning and Polar Auxin Transport. Plant Physiol., 147: 1947–1959.
Shi, Z., Wang, J., Wan, X., Shen, G., Wang, X. and J. Zhang. (2007). Over-expression of rice OsAGO7 gene induces upward curling of the leaf blade that enhanced erect-leaf habit. Planta., 226: 99-108.
Su, Z. F., Xu, N. X., Sun, C. M. and Zhang Y. J. (2003). Study on the relationship between rice plant type indices after heading stage and yield formation. Sci Agric Sin, 36(1): 115–120. (in Chinese with English abstract).
Tanaka, M.U., Fujisawa, Y., Kobayashi, M., Ashikari, M., Iwasaki, Y., Kitano H. and Matsuoka, M. (2000). Rice dwarf mutant d1, which is defective in the ?-subunit of the heterotrimeric G protein, affects gibberellin signal transduction. PNAS, 97: 11648 -11643.
Wang, H., Chen, Z., Guo, T., Liu, Y. and Li, H. (2009). Genetic Analysis and Gene Mapping of Dwarf Mutant Rice CHA-1. Induced Plant Mutations in the Genomics Era. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome: 431- 433.
Wang, L.F., Hao. F. and Ji, Y.H. (2012). Photosynthetic characterization of a rolled leaf mutant of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Afr. J. Biotechnol., 11(26): 6839-6846.
Wu, C., Fu, Y., Hu, G., Si, H., Cheng, S. and Liu, W. (2010). Isolation and characterization of a rice mutant with narrow and rolled leaves. Planta, 232: 313–324.
Yan, S., Yan, C. J. and Gu, M. H. (2008). Molecular mechanism of leaf development. Hereditas, 30(9): 1127–1135.
Yuan, L. P. (1997). Hybrid rice breeding for super high yield. Hybrid Rice 12: 1–6.
Zhang, G., Chen, L., Xiao, G., Xiao, Y., Chen X. and Zhang, S. (2009). Bulked segregant analysis to detect QTL related to heat tolerance in rice using SSR markers. Agric. Sci. China 8: 482-487.
Zou, L.P., Sun, X.H., Zhang, Z.G., Liu, P., Wu, J.X., Tian, C.J., Qiu, J.L., Lu. T.G. (2011). Leaf rolling controlled by the homeodomain leucine zipper class IV gene Roc5 in rice. Plant Physiol., 156: 1589-1602.
Zuo, J. R. and Li, J. Y. (2014). Molecular dissection of complex agronomic traits of rice: A team effort by Chinese scientists in recent years. Nat Sci Rev, 1: 253–276.
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Semi-dwarf narrow rolled leaf mutant in rice: Photosynthetic efficiency and physiological response to gibberellic acid (GA3). (2016). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 8(3), 1312-1316. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v8i3.959
