Pathomorphological changes of flunixin meglumine toxicity in layer chicks
Article Main
Abstract
The aim of the 21 day toxicity study was to evaluate the pathomorphological effect of flunixin meglumine in layer chicks. The chicks of Group I were kept as control while groups II, III and IV were fed with diet containing flunixin meglumine @ 10 ppm, 25 ppm and 50 ppm respectively for 21 days. Clinical signs viz. anorexia, dullness,
lethargy, lameness and uneven growth were noticed in chicks of treatment groups III and IV only. Maximum mortality was observed in group IV (12%) followed by group III (4%). A dose dependant reduction in body weight was observed in all the treatment groups. The mean values of Kidney: Body weight ratio was significantly increased in group IV. The plasma uric acid, creatinine and BUN values were significantly increased in group III whereas increase in group IV was highly significant. Grossly, there was deposition of chalky white urates on serosal surface of kidney, heart and liver in chicks of group IV which died during experiment. Microscopically, lesions were characterized by varying degrees of congestion, haemorrhages, degeneration, necrosis and deposition of urate crystals in visceral organs of group III and group IV chicks. The intensity and distribution of pathological lesions were more severe in chicks of group IV, followed by chicks of group III. The overall lesions gave an impression that flunixin meglumine was nephrotoxic in nature.
Article Details
Article Details
Flunixin meglumine, Nephrotoxicity, Urate crystals, Visceral gout
Cuthbert, R., Parry-Jones, J., Green, R.E. and Pain, D.J. (2006). NSAIDs and scavenging birds: potential impacts beyond Asia’s critically endangered vultures. Biology Letters, 3:90-93.
Cuthbert, R., Parry-Jones, J., Green, R.E. and Pain, D.J. (2007). NSAIDs and scavenging birds: Potential impacts beyond Asia’s critically endangered vultures. Biology Letters, 3: 90-93.
Green, R.E., Newton, I., Shultz, S., Cunningham, A.A., Gilbert, M., Pain, D.J. and Prakash, V. (2004). Diclofenac poisoning as a cause of vulture population declines across the Indian subcontinent. J. Appl. Ecol., 41: 793-800.
Hocking, P.M., Robertson, G.W. and Gentle, M.J. (2005). Effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on painrelated behavior in a model of articular pain in the domestic fowl. Res. Vet. Sci., 78: 69-75.
Irtaza, H., Khan, M. Z., Khan, A., Ijaz, J. and Kashif, M. S. (2008). Toxicological effects of diclofenac in four avian species. Avian Pathol., 37(3): 315-321.
Klein, P.N., Charmatz, K. and Langenberg, J. (1994). The effect of flunixin meglumine (Banamine) on the renal function in northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus): an avian model. Proc. Am. Assoc. Zool. Vet., pp: 128-131.
Muhammad, R., Muhammad, A. and Khawaja, T.M. (2012). Toxicity of flunixin meglumine in broiler chickens. J. Pharm. Sci. & Res., 4(2): 1748-1754.
Naidoo, V., Wolter, K., Cromarty, D., Diekmann, M., Duncan, N., Meharg, A.A., Taggart, M.A., Venter, L. and Cuthbert, R. (2009). Toxicity of non-steroidal anti inflammatory drugs to Gyps vultures: a new threat from ketoprofen. Biol. Lett. 6: 339-341.
Oaks, J.L., Gilbert, M., Virani, M.Z., Watson, R.T., Meteyer, C.U., Rideout, B., Shivaprasad, H.L., Ahmed, S., Chaudhry, M.J.I., Arshad, M., Mahmood, S., Ali, A. and Khan, A.A. (2004). Diclofenac residues as the cause of population decline of white-backed vultures in Pakistan. Nature, 427: 630-633.
Seema, A. (2006). M.V.Sc. thesis. Age related pathological effects of diclofenac sodium in poultry. Anand Agricultural University, Anand.
Sharma, R. and Vegad, J.L. (2010). Avian gout: causes, treatment and prevention. Poultry line., 10(8): 19-21.
Shinde, A.S. (2008). M.V.Sc. thesis. Pathomorphological and immunobiochemical studies on induced diclofenac sodium toxicity in broiler chicks (Gallus gallus domesticus),
Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Dantiwada.
Swan, G.E., Naidoo, V., Cuthbert, R., Green, R.E., Pain, D.J. Swarup, D., Prakash, V., Taggart, M., Bekker, L., Das, D., Diekmann, J., Diekmann, M., Killan, E., Meharg, A., Patra, R.C., Saini, M. and Wolter, K. (2006). Removing the threat of diclofenac to critically endangered Asian Vultures. PLoS Biol., 4: 1-8.
This work is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) © Author (s)
