Response of different Bt cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) hybrids to canopy modification practices
Article Main
Abstract
A field investigation was carried out to characterize the growth and development of Bt cotton hybrids by detopping and use of plant growth retardants during the rainy (kharif) season of 2011 and 2012. The experimental site had loamy sand soils with normal in reaction. The experiment (split plot) involved three Bt cotton hybrids (MRC 7017, MRC 7031 and RCH 314) in main plots and growth regulation treatments (Mepiquat chloride (MC) @ 300 ppm, 2, 3, 5-tri iodo benzoic acid (TIBA) @ 100 ppm and Maelic hydrazide (MH) @ 250 ppm) in sub plots with four replications. Hybrid MRC 7017 produced significantly higher (p<0.01) seed cotton yield which was attributed to the maximum number of sympodial branches plant-1, total number of flowers and picked bolls plant-1. Application of MC @ 300 ppm, TIBA @ 100 ppm and MH @ 250 ppm reduced plant height, leaf area index and total dry matter accu-mulation than control. Detopping treatment significantly (p<0.01) reduced plant height than control but attained more plant height than all the PGRs. MC @ 300 ppm, TIBA @ 100 ppm and MH @ 250 ppm at 80 days after sowing had beneficial effect on seed cotton yield. Detopping done at 80 days after sowing failed to influence the seed cotton yield dur-ing both the years. The results revealed that foliar application of MC @ 300 ppm yielded more seed cotton by improv-ing the setting percentage and therefore, increased number of picked (open) bolls plant-1 without exhibiting any ad-verse effect on quality traits.
Article Details
Article Details
Keywords
Bt cotton hybrids, Maleic hydrazide (MH), Mepiquat chloride (MC), Plant growth regulators, Seed cotton yield, 2,3,5-tri iodo benzoic acid (TIBA)
References
Anonymous (2011a). Package of Practices for Crops of Punjab (Kharif). pp 35-57. Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana.
Anonymous (2012b). Package of Practices for Crops of Punjab (Kharif). pp 35-57. Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana.
Athayde, M. L. F. and Lamas, F. M. (1999). Sequential applications of mepiquat chloride in cotton plants. Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileira. 34: 369-375.
Bartlett, M. S. (1973).Some examples of statistical methods of research in agriculture and applied botany. Inter. J. Royal Stat. Soc. B. 4: 37-70.
Blaise, J. S., Rao, M. R. K., Mayee, C. D. and Deshmukh, M. S. (2003). Assessment of agronomic efficiency of Bt cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in rainfed vertisols. J. Indian Soc. Cotton Improv. 28: 185-190.
Brar, Z. S. (1997). Improving cotton yield through increased retention and opening of the bolls. Final Technical Report. ICAR, New Delhi. pp: 60.
Brar, Z. S., Singh, A. and Singh, T. (2000). Response of hybrid cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) to nitrogen and canopy modification practices. Indian J. Agron. 45: 395-400.
Djanaguiraman, M., Sheeba, J. A., Durga, devi, D. and Bangarusamy, U. (2005). Response of cotton to Atonik and TIBA for growth, enzymes and yield. J. Biol. Sci. 5: 158-162.
Ghourab, M. H. H., Wassel, O. M. M. and El-Nour, M. S. A. (2000). The effect of mepiquat chloride application on the productivity of cotton plants. Egyptian J. Agri. Res. 78: 1207-1218.
Gomez, K.A. and Gomez, A.A. (1984). Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research, John Wiley and Sons, Inc, U K.
Gormus, O. (2006). Effect of mepiquat chloride and boron on irrigated cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) in Turkey. Indian J. Agron. 51: 149-151.
Gwathmey, C. O. and Clement, J. D. (2010). Alteration of cotton source-sink relations with plant population density and mepiquat chloride. Field Crops Res. 116: 101-107.
Hallikeri, S. S., Halemani, H. L., Patil, V. C., Palled, Y. B., Patil, B. C. and Katageri, I. S. (2010). Effect of nitrogen levels, split application of nitrogen and detopping on seed cotton yield and fibre quality in Bt cotton. Karnataka J. Agric. Sci. 23 (3): 418-422.
Halmann, M. (1990). Synthetic plant growth regulators. Adv. Agron. 43: 47-105.
Heitholt (1993). Cotton boll retention and its relationship to lint yield. Crop Sci. 33: 486-490.
Heitholt, J. J. (1994). Canopy characteristics associated with deficient and excessive cotton plant densities. Crop Sci. 34: 1291-1297.
Heitholt, J. J., Pettigrew, W. T. and Meredith, W. R. Jr. (1992). Light interception and lint yield of narrow row cotton. Crop Sci. 32: 728-733.
Iqbal, M., Iqbal, M. Z., Khan, R. S. A., Hayat, K. and Chang, M. A. (2004). Response of new cotton variety MHN- 700 to mepiquat chloride under varying plant population. Pakistan J. Biol. Sci.: 1898-1902.
Jackson, M. L. (1967). Soil chemical analysis. Asia publishing house New Delhi.
Jonathan, D. S. and Alexander, M. S. (2006). Influence of plant density on cotton response to mepiquat chloride application. Agron. J. 98: 1634-1639.
Kerby, T. A., Plant, R. E. and Horrocks, R. D. (1997). Height to node ratio as an index of early season cotton growth. J. Prod. Agric. 10: 80-83.
Kumar, K. A. K., Patil, B. C. and Chetti, M. B. (2005). Effect of plant growth regulators on physiological components of yield in hybrid cotton. Indian J. Plant Physiol. 10: 187-190.
Kumar, K. A. K., Ravi, V., Patil, B. C. and Chetti, M. B. (2006). Influence of plant growth regulators on morphophysiological traits and yield attributes in hybrid Btcotton (DHH-11). Annals Bio. 22: 53-58.
Mert, M. and Caliskan, M. E. (1998). The effects of mepiquat chloride (PIX) on yield, yield components and fibre characteristics of cotton. Turkish J. Field Crops 3: 68-72.
Nuti, R. C., Witten, T. K., Jost, P. H., Cothern, J. T. (2000). Comparisons of Pix Plus and additional foliar Bacillus cereus in cotton. Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences, San Antonio, TX, USA, 4–8 January, Memphis, USA; National Cotton Council. 684-687.
Olsen, S. R., Cole, C. F., Watanabe, F. S. and Dean, L. A. (1954). Estimation of available phosphorous by extraction with sodium bicarbonate. USDA Circ. 34: 1-19.
Owen, C. G. and Craig, C. C. (2003). Managing earliness in cotton with mepiquat type growth regulators. Plant Management Network, Research Report
Pettigrew, W. T. and Johnson, J.T., (2005). Effects of different seeding rates and plant growth regulators on earlyplanted cotton. J. Cotton Sci. 9: 189-198.
Pettigrew, W. T., Heitholt, J. J. and Meredith, W. R. (1992). Early season floral bud removal and cotton growth, yield and fibre quality. Agron. J. 84: 209-214.
Rahman, M. S., Tahar, N. I. M. A. and Karim, M. A. (2004). Influence of GA3 and MH and their time of spray on dry matter accumulation and growth attributes of soybean. Pakistan J. Biol. Sci. 7 (11): 1851-1857.
Rajni (2010). Growth regulation and defoliation studies in hybrid Bt cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). PhD. dissertation, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India.
Sawan, Z. M., Fahmy, A. H. and Yousef, S. E. (2009). Direct and residual effects of nitrogen fertilization, foliar application of potassium and plant growth retardant on Egyptian cotton growth, seed yield, seed viability and seedling vigor. Acta Ecologica Sinica. 29: 116-123.
Shwetha, N. S., Halepyati, A. S. and Pujari, B. T. (2009). Effect of detopping, removal of monopodia and plant spacings on nutrient uptake, quality parameters and economics of Bt cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Karnataka J. Agric. Sci. 22 (4): 892-893.
Siddique, M. R. B., Prasad, M. and Gautum, R. C. (2002). Response of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) to mepiquat chloride and topping under varying levels of nitrogen. Indian J. Agron. 47: 550-555.
Siebert, J. D. and Stewart, A. M. (2006). Influence of plant density on cotton response to mepiquat chloride application. Agron. J. 98: 1634-1639.
Singh, K., Singh, H., Gumber, R. K. and Rathore, P. (2011). Studies on the Seed Cotton Yield, Growth and Yield Contributing Characters of New Bt Cotton Hybrids under Varied Agronomic Manipulations. World Cotton Research Conference on Technologies for Prosperity pp 338-340.
Srinivasulu, K., Hema, K., Prasad, N. V. V. S. D. and Rao, K. V. K. (2006). Performance of cotton hybrids under different spacing and nitrogen levels in black cotton soils of coastal Andhra Pradesh. J. Cotton Res. Dev. 20 (1): 99-101.
Subbiah, B. V. and Asija, G. L. (1956). A rapid procedure for the estimation of available nitrogen in soils. Current Sci. 25: 259-266.
Turkhede, A. B., Wankhade, S. T., Katkar, R. N. and Sakhare, B. A. (2003). Effect of detopping and foliar sprays of plant growth hormones and nutrients on growth and yield of rainfed cotton. J. Cotton Res. Dev. 17: 150-152.
Walkley, A., Black, C.A., (1934). An examination of the Detjareff method for determining soil organic matter and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Sci. 37: 27–38.
Wallace, T. P., Snipes, C. E. and White, B. W. (1993). Effect of single and multiple applications of mepiquat chloride on Mississippi cotton. Research Report Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station. 18: pp 5.
Zhao, D. L. and Oosterhuis, D. M. (2000). Pix plus and mepiquat chloride effects on physiology, growth, and yield of field grown cotton. J. Plant Growth Regul. 19: 415-422.
Zhao, D., Oosterhuis, D.M. (1999). Physiological, growth and yield responses of cotton to Mepplus and mepiquat chloride. Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences, Orlando, Florida, USA, 3–7 January, Memphis, USA; National Cotton Council. 599-602.
Anonymous (2012b). Package of Practices for Crops of Punjab (Kharif). pp 35-57. Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana.
Athayde, M. L. F. and Lamas, F. M. (1999). Sequential applications of mepiquat chloride in cotton plants. Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileira. 34: 369-375.
Bartlett, M. S. (1973).Some examples of statistical methods of research in agriculture and applied botany. Inter. J. Royal Stat. Soc. B. 4: 37-70.
Blaise, J. S., Rao, M. R. K., Mayee, C. D. and Deshmukh, M. S. (2003). Assessment of agronomic efficiency of Bt cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in rainfed vertisols. J. Indian Soc. Cotton Improv. 28: 185-190.
Brar, Z. S. (1997). Improving cotton yield through increased retention and opening of the bolls. Final Technical Report. ICAR, New Delhi. pp: 60.
Brar, Z. S., Singh, A. and Singh, T. (2000). Response of hybrid cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) to nitrogen and canopy modification practices. Indian J. Agron. 45: 395-400.
Djanaguiraman, M., Sheeba, J. A., Durga, devi, D. and Bangarusamy, U. (2005). Response of cotton to Atonik and TIBA for growth, enzymes and yield. J. Biol. Sci. 5: 158-162.
Ghourab, M. H. H., Wassel, O. M. M. and El-Nour, M. S. A. (2000). The effect of mepiquat chloride application on the productivity of cotton plants. Egyptian J. Agri. Res. 78: 1207-1218.
Gomez, K.A. and Gomez, A.A. (1984). Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research, John Wiley and Sons, Inc, U K.
Gormus, O. (2006). Effect of mepiquat chloride and boron on irrigated cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) in Turkey. Indian J. Agron. 51: 149-151.
Gwathmey, C. O. and Clement, J. D. (2010). Alteration of cotton source-sink relations with plant population density and mepiquat chloride. Field Crops Res. 116: 101-107.
Hallikeri, S. S., Halemani, H. L., Patil, V. C., Palled, Y. B., Patil, B. C. and Katageri, I. S. (2010). Effect of nitrogen levels, split application of nitrogen and detopping on seed cotton yield and fibre quality in Bt cotton. Karnataka J. Agric. Sci. 23 (3): 418-422.
Halmann, M. (1990). Synthetic plant growth regulators. Adv. Agron. 43: 47-105.
Heitholt (1993). Cotton boll retention and its relationship to lint yield. Crop Sci. 33: 486-490.
Heitholt, J. J. (1994). Canopy characteristics associated with deficient and excessive cotton plant densities. Crop Sci. 34: 1291-1297.
Heitholt, J. J., Pettigrew, W. T. and Meredith, W. R. Jr. (1992). Light interception and lint yield of narrow row cotton. Crop Sci. 32: 728-733.
Iqbal, M., Iqbal, M. Z., Khan, R. S. A., Hayat, K. and Chang, M. A. (2004). Response of new cotton variety MHN- 700 to mepiquat chloride under varying plant population. Pakistan J. Biol. Sci.: 1898-1902.
Jackson, M. L. (1967). Soil chemical analysis. Asia publishing house New Delhi.
Jonathan, D. S. and Alexander, M. S. (2006). Influence of plant density on cotton response to mepiquat chloride application. Agron. J. 98: 1634-1639.
Kerby, T. A., Plant, R. E. and Horrocks, R. D. (1997). Height to node ratio as an index of early season cotton growth. J. Prod. Agric. 10: 80-83.
Kumar, K. A. K., Patil, B. C. and Chetti, M. B. (2005). Effect of plant growth regulators on physiological components of yield in hybrid cotton. Indian J. Plant Physiol. 10: 187-190.
Kumar, K. A. K., Ravi, V., Patil, B. C. and Chetti, M. B. (2006). Influence of plant growth regulators on morphophysiological traits and yield attributes in hybrid Btcotton (DHH-11). Annals Bio. 22: 53-58.
Mert, M. and Caliskan, M. E. (1998). The effects of mepiquat chloride (PIX) on yield, yield components and fibre characteristics of cotton. Turkish J. Field Crops 3: 68-72.
Nuti, R. C., Witten, T. K., Jost, P. H., Cothern, J. T. (2000). Comparisons of Pix Plus and additional foliar Bacillus cereus in cotton. Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences, San Antonio, TX, USA, 4–8 January, Memphis, USA; National Cotton Council. 684-687.
Olsen, S. R., Cole, C. F., Watanabe, F. S. and Dean, L. A. (1954). Estimation of available phosphorous by extraction with sodium bicarbonate. USDA Circ. 34: 1-19.
Owen, C. G. and Craig, C. C. (2003). Managing earliness in cotton with mepiquat type growth regulators. Plant Management Network, Research Report
Pettigrew, W. T. and Johnson, J.T., (2005). Effects of different seeding rates and plant growth regulators on earlyplanted cotton. J. Cotton Sci. 9: 189-198.
Pettigrew, W. T., Heitholt, J. J. and Meredith, W. R. (1992). Early season floral bud removal and cotton growth, yield and fibre quality. Agron. J. 84: 209-214.
Rahman, M. S., Tahar, N. I. M. A. and Karim, M. A. (2004). Influence of GA3 and MH and their time of spray on dry matter accumulation and growth attributes of soybean. Pakistan J. Biol. Sci. 7 (11): 1851-1857.
Rajni (2010). Growth regulation and defoliation studies in hybrid Bt cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). PhD. dissertation, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India.
Sawan, Z. M., Fahmy, A. H. and Yousef, S. E. (2009). Direct and residual effects of nitrogen fertilization, foliar application of potassium and plant growth retardant on Egyptian cotton growth, seed yield, seed viability and seedling vigor. Acta Ecologica Sinica. 29: 116-123.
Shwetha, N. S., Halepyati, A. S. and Pujari, B. T. (2009). Effect of detopping, removal of monopodia and plant spacings on nutrient uptake, quality parameters and economics of Bt cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Karnataka J. Agric. Sci. 22 (4): 892-893.
Siddique, M. R. B., Prasad, M. and Gautum, R. C. (2002). Response of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) to mepiquat chloride and topping under varying levels of nitrogen. Indian J. Agron. 47: 550-555.
Siebert, J. D. and Stewart, A. M. (2006). Influence of plant density on cotton response to mepiquat chloride application. Agron. J. 98: 1634-1639.
Singh, K., Singh, H., Gumber, R. K. and Rathore, P. (2011). Studies on the Seed Cotton Yield, Growth and Yield Contributing Characters of New Bt Cotton Hybrids under Varied Agronomic Manipulations. World Cotton Research Conference on Technologies for Prosperity pp 338-340.
Srinivasulu, K., Hema, K., Prasad, N. V. V. S. D. and Rao, K. V. K. (2006). Performance of cotton hybrids under different spacing and nitrogen levels in black cotton soils of coastal Andhra Pradesh. J. Cotton Res. Dev. 20 (1): 99-101.
Subbiah, B. V. and Asija, G. L. (1956). A rapid procedure for the estimation of available nitrogen in soils. Current Sci. 25: 259-266.
Turkhede, A. B., Wankhade, S. T., Katkar, R. N. and Sakhare, B. A. (2003). Effect of detopping and foliar sprays of plant growth hormones and nutrients on growth and yield of rainfed cotton. J. Cotton Res. Dev. 17: 150-152.
Walkley, A., Black, C.A., (1934). An examination of the Detjareff method for determining soil organic matter and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Sci. 37: 27–38.
Wallace, T. P., Snipes, C. E. and White, B. W. (1993). Effect of single and multiple applications of mepiquat chloride on Mississippi cotton. Research Report Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station. 18: pp 5.
Zhao, D. L. and Oosterhuis, D. M. (2000). Pix plus and mepiquat chloride effects on physiology, growth, and yield of field grown cotton. J. Plant Growth Regul. 19: 415-422.
Zhao, D., Oosterhuis, D.M. (1999). Physiological, growth and yield responses of cotton to Mepplus and mepiquat chloride. Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences, Orlando, Florida, USA, 3–7 January, Memphis, USA; National Cotton Council. 599-602.
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Response of different Bt cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) hybrids to canopy modification practices. (2016). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 8(3), 1188-1197. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v8i3.939
