Advent of Trichoderma as a bio-control agent- A review
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Abstract
Trichoderma spp are free living filamentous fungi. They are cosmopolitan and versatile in nature. They have the potential to produce several enzymes that can degrade the cell wall materials. Also, they release a number of fungi toxic substances that can inhibit the growth of the fungal pathogens. Many mechanisms have been described on how Trichoderma exert beneficial effects on plants as a bio-control agent. But due to its versatile nature, its potential cannot be explored to its full extent. And it is a developing science in the field of bio-control with its new discoveries adding to the usefulness of the fungi as a bio-control agent. Its development as a bio-control agent passes through many phases and each phase adding novel ideas that will help in the development of an efficient bio-agent which in turn will help in the crop improvement and disease management. The studies on their various aspects responsible for bio-control will open a flood gate to the development of Trichoderma as an efficient and reliable bio-agent and provide a better scope for implementation in crop and disease management. The in vitro antagonistic activity of Trichoderma viride against phytopathogens (Sclerotium rolfsii, Fusarium oxysporum f.s.p. ciceri, Fusarium oxysporum f.s.p. udum) was studied and it was found to be potentially effective against F. oxysporum f.s.p. ciceri followed by F. oxysporum f.s.p. udum and Sclerotium rolfsii.
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Keywords
Antibiosis, Bio-control agent, Mycoparasitism
References
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Ha, T.N. (2010). Using Trichoderma species for biological Control of Plant Pathogens in Vietnam. Journal of the International Society for Southeast Asian Agricultural Sciences, 16 (1): 17-21.
Harman, G.E. (2000). Myths and Dogmas of Biocontrol- Changes in perceptions derived from research on Trichoderma harzianum T-22. Plant Disease, 84: 377–393.
Harman, G.E., Howell, C.R., Viterbo, A., Chet, I. and Lorito, M. (2004). Trichoderma species - Opportunistic, Avirulent Plant Symbionts. Nature Reveiws, 2: 43-56.
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Hatvani, L. Manczinger, C. Vágvölgyi and L. Kredics (2013). Trichoderma as a Human Pathogen. Trichoderma: biology and applications, CABI, Wallingford, United Kingdom.
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Howell, C.R. (2003). Mechanisms Employed by Trichoderma Species in the Biological Control of Plant Diseases: The History and Evolution of Current Concepts. Plant Disease, 87: 4-10.
Jagana, M., Zacharia, S. and Basayya, A. (2013). Management of Alternaria blight in Mustard. Annals of Plant Protection Science, 21(2): 441-442.
Jat, J.G. and Agalave, H.R. (2013). Antagonistic properties of Trichoderma species against oilseed-borne fungi. Science Research Report, 3 (2): 171-174.
Jogani, V. and John, P.(2014). Evaluation of different application methods of Trichoderma harzianum (Rifai) against Fusarium wilt of tomato. Crop Research, 48 (1, 2, 3): 76-79.
Jorge, L. (2014). Trichoderma Strains as Biocontrol Agents. Advance Genetic Engineering, 3:1.
Kexiang, G., Xiaoguang, L., Yonghong, L., Tianbo, Z. and Shuliang, W. (2002). Potential of Trichoderma harzianum and T.atroviride to control Botryosphaeria berengeriana f. sp. piricola, the cause of apple ring rot. Journal of Phytopathology, 150: 271-276.
Kushwaha, M., Verma, A.K. (2014). Antagonistic Activity of Trichoderma Spp, (A Bio- Control Agent) Against Isolated and Identified Plant Pathogens. International Journal of Chemicals and Biological Sciences, 1(1):1-6.
Komy, M.H.E., Saleh, A.A., Eranthodi, A. and Molan, Y.Y. (2015). Characterization of Novel Trichoderma asperellum Isolates to Select Effective Biocontrol Agents Against Tomato Fusarium Wilt. Plant Pathology Journal, 31(1): 50–60.
Kumar, S. (2013). Trichoderma: a biological weapon for managing plant diseases and promoting sustainability. International Journal of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, 1 (3): 1-16.
Kumar, S., Thakur, M. and Rani, A. (2014). Trichoderma: Mass production, formulation, quality control, delivery and its scope in commercialization in India for the management of plant diseases. African Journal Agricultural Research, 9 (53): 3838-3852.
Leelavathi, M.S., Vani, L. and Pascal, R.R. (2014). Antimicrobial activity of Trichoderma harzianum against bacteria and fungi. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied.Sciences, 3(1): 96-103.
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Advent of Trichoderma as a bio-control agent- A review. (2016). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 8(2), 1100-1109. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v8i2.927
