Role of salt precursors for the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles and in imparting variable antimicrobial activity
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
Abstract
Synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) having unique potentials and properties is of great importance in nanotechnology. The NP synthesis techniques may include the wet chemistry to microbial incubation reduction methods. This work reports generation of ZnO NPs by identical preparation including incubation of different zinc salts i.e. zinc acetate, zinc chloride and zinc sulphate as precursors with cell free extracts of Bacillus circulans MTCC 7906 (Bc7906) and Pleurotus florida (Pf). The synthesized NPs exhibited variation in their absorption peaks in UV-Vis spectra which appeared at 275 nm, 325 nm and 375 nm with P. florida for the three salt precursors respectively while the Bc7906 generated ZnO NPs showed peaks between 300-350 nm. A variation in ZnO NP morphology ranged from 50 to 120 nm in size and spherical, oval, cylindrical to trigonal anisotropic in shape by transmission EM. Further, the rough and corrugated surface topography of ZnO NPs was observed in Scanning EM. The % weight for Zn element surface composition as recorded by SEM-EDS was observed to be highest for zinc acetate (2.34%) and zinc sulphate (7.54 %) on microbial synthesis from Bc7906 and Pf respectively. The antimicrobial potential of the synthesized ZnO NPs on human pathogenic and plant beneficial bacteria was tested and it was observed to be highest for microbially synthesized ZnO NPs using zinc acetate (15 mm) and zinc sulphate (14 mm) as salt precursors @ 10 ppm. This is the first report on differential antimicrobial behavior of ZnO NPs on human pathogenic and plant beneficial microbes.
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
Microscopy, Nanoparticles, UV-Vis spectroscopy, Zinc oxide
Bauer, A.W., Kirby, W.M.M., Sherris, J.C. and Truck, M. (1966). Antibiotic susceptibility testing by standardized single disk method. American Journal of Clinical Pathology, 36: 493-496.
Chauhan, R., Reddy, A. and Abraham, J. (2014). Biosynthesis and antimicrobial potential of silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles using Candida diversa strain JA1. Der Pharma Chemica, 6(3):39-47.
Chitra, K. and Annadurai, G. (2013). Antimicrobial activity of wet chemically engineered spherical shaped ZnO nanoparticles on food borne pathogen. International Food Research Journal, 20:59–64.
Jayaseelan, C., Rahumana, A.A., Kirthi, A.V., Marimuthua, S., Santhoshkumara, T., Bagavana, A., Gaurav, K., Karthik, L. and Bhaskara Rao, K.V. (2012). Novel microbial route to synthesize ZnO nanoparticles using Aeromonas hydrophila and their activity against pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Spectrochimica Acta Part A, 90: 78– 84
Jin, T., Sun, D., Su, J.Y., Zhang, H. and Sue, H.J. (2009). Antimicrobial efficacy of zinc oxide quantum dots against Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enteritidis and Escherichia coli O157:H7. Journal of Food Science, 74(1): 46-52.
Kumar, H. and Rani, R. (2013). Structural and optical characterization of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized by microemulsion route. International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy, 14: 26-36.
Kundu, D., Hazra, C., Chatterjee, A., Chaudhari, A. and Mishra, S. (2014). Extracellular biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Rhodococcus pyridinivorans NT2: Multifunctional textile finishing, biosafety evaluation and in vitro drug delivery in colon carcinoma. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 140: 194-204.
Liu, Y., He, L., Mustapha, A., Li, H. and Hu, Z.Q. (2009). Antibacterial activities of zinc oxide nanoparticles against Escherichia coli O157:H7. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 107: 1193–1201.
Mayekar, J., Dhar, V. and Radha, S. (2014). Role of salt precursor in the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles. International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, 3 (3): 43-45.
Meruvu, H., Vangalapati, M., Chippada, S.C. and Bammidi, S.R. (2011). Synthesis and characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles and its antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli. Rasayan Journal of Chemical, 4 (1):217-222.
Nair, S., Sasidharan, A., Divya Rani, V.V., Menon, D., Nair, S., Manzoor, K. and Raina, S. (2009). Role of size scale of ZnO nanoparticles and microparticles on toxicity toward bacteria and osteoblast cancer cells. Journal of Materials Science-Materials in Medicine, 1:235-241.
Oves, M., Arshad, M., Khan, M.S., Ahmed, A.S., Azam, A. and Ismail, I.M.I. (2015). Anti-microbial activity of cobalt doped zinc oxide nanoparticles: Targeting water borne bacteria. Journal of Saudi Chemical Society, 19 (5): 581-588.
Paul, S. and Ban, D.K. (2014). Synthesis, characterization and the application of zinc oxide nanoparticles in biotechnology. International Journal of Advances in Chemical Engineering and Biological Sciences, 1 (1): 1-5.
Sarkar, J., Ghosh, M., Mukherjee, A., Chattopadhyay, D. and Acharya, K. (2014). Biosynthesis and safety evaluation of ZnO nanoparticles. Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering, 37: 165-171.
Sawai, J. (2003). Quantitative evaluation of antibacterial activities of metallic oxide powders (ZnO, MgO and CaO) by conductimetric assay. Journal of Microbiological Methods, 54: 177-182.
Selvarajan, E. and Mohanasrinivasan, V. (2013). Biosynthesis and characterization of ZnO nanoparticles using Lactobacillus plantarum VITES0. Mat. Lett., 112: 180-182.
Shrivastava, V., Chauhan, P.S. and Tomar, R.S. (2015). Nanobiotechnology: A potential tool for biomedics. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4 (5): 1929-1943.
Throndsen, J. (1978). The dilution culture method. In: Sournia A (ed) Phytoplankton manual Pp: 218-224. Unesco, Paris.
Vani, C., Sergin, G.K. and Annamalai, A. (2011). A study on the effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles in Staphylococcus aureus. International Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences, 2 (4): 326-335.
Zhou, H., Fan, T. and Zhang, D. (2007). Hydrothermal synthesis of ZnO hollow spheres using spherobacterium as biotemplates. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 100: 322-327.
This work is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) © Author (s)
