Fish diversity of Haryana and its conservation status
Article Main
Abstract
The present study on fish biodiversity of Haryana state was carried out during 2011 to 2014. A total number of 59 fish species inhabits the freshwaters of this state. Maximum number of fish species belonged to the order Cypriniformes (35) followed by the order Siluriformes (12) and Perciformes (8). The orders Beloniformes,
Clupeiformes, Osteoglossiformes and Synbranchiformes were represented by only one species each. Out of 59 fish species, 2 are endangered, 11 vulnerable, 28 have lower risk of threat, 8 exotic and 4 fish species have lower risk least concern. The conservation status of six fish species has not been evaluated so far, hence they cannot be included in any of the IUCN categories at this moment. Family Cyprinidae alone contributed 32 fish species followed by Bagridae family. Fish species Parapsilorhynchus discophorus was observed for the first time in Haryana waters. This species is the native of Kaveri river basin, the occurrence of this species in river Yamuna may be attributed to some religious activity of people. A decline in fish diversity has been recorded from 82 species in 2004 to 59 species in the present study in the year 2014. The main causes for decrease in fish biodiversity are habitat destruction and fragmentation, changing practices of land use, exotic species introduction, fishing, irrigation needs, pollution and global climate change impacts. It is essential to prevent further decline of fish resources by devising all possible measures of conservation and rehabilitation.
Article Details
Article Details
Biodiversity, Conservation, Freshwater, Pollution
Anonymous. (1995). Perspective plan of NBFGR (Indian Council of Agriculture Research).
Balian, E., Segers, H., Levenque, C and Martens, K. (2008). The fresh water animal diversity assessment: an overview of the results. In Balian, E. et al. (Eds), Fresh water Animal Diversity Assessment. Hydrobiologia, 595: 627-637.
Bhatnagar, A. and Singh, G. (2010). Assessment of culture fisheries in village ponds: a study in district Hisar, Haryana, India. International Journal of Environmental Research, 4 (1): 57- 64.
Dahanukar, N. (2011). Parapsilorhynchus discophorus. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2.
Daily, G.C. (1997). Nature’s Services. Island Press. ISBN 1-559-63476-6.
Das, P. and Barat, A. (1990). Fish habitat degradation necessitating conservation. Environmental Series 4: 85-89.
Day, F. (1878). The fishes of India. W.W. Bawson and sons Ltd., London.
Dubey, G.P. (1994). Endangered vulnerable and rare Fishes of West Coast River System of India. Threatened fish of India, Netcon Publication, 4 (1):11-20.
Ehrlich, P.R. and Wilson, E.O. (1991). Biodiversity studies: Science and policy. Science, 253:758.
Garg, S.K. and Bhatnagar, A. (1996). Effect of varying doses of organic and inorganic fertilizers on plankton production and fish biomass in brackish water ponds. Aquaculture Research, 27: 157-166.
Garg, S.K. and Bhatnagar, A. (1999). Effect of different doses of organic fertilizer (cowdung) on pond productivity and fish biomass in still water ponds. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 15: 10-18.
Garg, S.K. and Bhatnagar, A. (2000). Effect of fertilization frequency on pond productivity and fish biomass in still water ponds. Aquaculture Research, 31: 409-414.
Garg, S.K. and Bhatnagar, A. (2002). Determination of optimum dosage of Azotobacter vis-a-vis organic fertilizer for optimum pond productivity in fresh water ponds. Aquaculture International, 10: 87-107.
Hiddik, J.G. MacKenzie, B.R. Rijnsdorp, A. Dulvy, N.K. Nielson, E.E. Bekkevold, D. Heino, M., Lorance, P. and Ojaveer, H. (2008). Importance of fish biodiversity for the management of fisheries and ecosystems. Fisheries Research, 90:6-8.
Jayaram, K.C. (1999). Freshwater fishes of Indian region. Narendra Publishing House, Delhi.
Jhingran, A.G. (1984). The Fish Genetic Resources of India. Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi.
Johal, M.S. and Jha, S.K. (2010). Ichthyofaunal composition and conservation status of five North Indian States (Haryana,Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Rajasthan and Uttrakhand). Pb. Univ. Res. Bull., 60: 19-39.
Johal, M.S. and Rawal, Y.K. (2004). Status of Haryana fish diversity and its conservation. Pp 150161. Proc. National Workshop on rational use of water resources for aquaculture(eds. S.K. Garg and K.L. Jain). March 18- 19, 2004. HAU, Hisar , Haryana.
Johal, M.S. and Tandon, K.K. (1979). Monograph on the fishes of re-organised Punjab. Part I. Punjab Fisheries Bulletin, 3:1-44.
Johal, M.S. and Tandon, K.K. (1980). Monograph on the fishes of re-organised Punjab. Part II. Punjab Fisheries Bulletin., 4: 39-70.
Johal, M.S. and Jha, S.K. (2007). Fish diversity of Haryana state and its conservation status. Fishing Chimes., 27 (1): 107-108.
Johal, M.S. and Tandon, K.K. (1983). The decline of native fishes. Punjab Fisheries Bulletin, 7: 3-15.
Johal, M.S., Jha, S.K. and Rawal, Y.K. (2012). Monograph on the fishes of Haryana state (India). Panjab University Research Journal (Science), 62: 1-47.
Johal, M.S., Tandon, K.K., Tyor, A.K. and Rawal, Y.K. (2002). Fish diversity in different habitats in the streams of lower middle Himalayas. Poland Journal of Ecology, 50 (1): 45-56.
Kapoor, D. and Sarkar, U.K. (2005). Priority Research Components of NBFGR for conservation of Indian fish biodiversity. Fishing Chimes., 25 (1): 110-113.
Kumar, A.B. (2000). Exotic fishes and freshwater fish diversity. Zoos’ Print Journal, 15 (11): 363-367.
Menon, A.G.K. (1989). Conservation of Ichthyofauna of India, In: Conservation and management of Inland capture fisheries resources of India (Editors: Jhingran A.G. Sugunan, VV eds.). The inland fisheries society of India. Pp25-33.
Molur, S. and Walker, S. (1998). Report on the workshop ‘conservation assessment and management plan for Freshwater fishes of India’. Zoo Outreach Organization, Conservation breeding specialist Group India, Coimbatore India. pp 156.
Negi, R.K., Joshi, B.D., Negi, T. and Chand, P. (2007). A study on stream morphology of someselected hillstreams of District Nainital with special reference to its biotic communities. In: Preceedings of DAE-BRNS National Symposium on Limnology (NSL-07), (eds. B.Venkatramani, V.D. Puranik, S.K. Apte, H.N. Gaur, L.L. Sharma, S.K. Sharma, V.S. Durve, H.C.C. Gupta, P.C. Verma, B.K. Sharma). Pp288-295.
Nyman, L. (1991). Conservation of freshwater fish. Protection of biodiversity and genetic variability in aquatic ecosystems. Fisheries Development Series. 56. Swedmar and WWF, Swedon pp 38.
Revenga, C. and Mock, G. (2000). Freshwater biodiversity in crisis. Earth Trends World Resources Institute: 1-4. (http.//earthtrends.wri.org).
Singh, G. and Bhatnagar, A. (2010). Relations between water Quality Characteristics and fish yields in small scale culture ponds in Yamunanagar, Haryana. Enviornment and Ecology, 28 (3): 1615-1619.
Vats, R. and Gupta, S.K. (2011). Ichthyofauna of four districts of Northern Haryana. Journal of Arts, Science and Commerce, 2 (4): 23-29.
Welcomme, R.L. (1988). International introductions of Inland aquatic species. FAO Fish. Tech.Pap. 294. Pp. 1-318.
Wilson, E.O. (1992). Diversity of life. Norton: W.W. and Company, Inc., P.424.
This work is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) © Author (s)