Effect of duration of night interruption on growth and flowering of Chrysanthemum cv. Kikiobiory
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
Abstract
The study was conducted to determine the effect of duration of night interruption using incandescent bulbs on sustained quality flower production of potted standard Chrysanthemum cv. Kikiobiory. The different night interruption (NI) treatments i.e. control, <5 sec. flash, 30-, 60-, 90- and 120- min. significantly (p<0.05) affected all
the vegetative and floral parameters. The plant height, number of leaves and root suckers per plant increased with the increase duration of NI treatments with maximum at 120- min. NI (90.42 cm, 34.75 and 12.10, respectively). The days taken to flower bud appearance, colour break stage and full bloom were delayed, whereas flower quality with respect to duration of flowering and flower diameter were deteriorated with increase in duration of NI treatments. The days taken to flower bud appearance, colour break stage and full bloom were highest at 120- min. NI (136.84, 183.22 and 202.25 days, respectively) which delayed the flowering by 63.94 days, where full bloom flower appeared in March. There was reduction in duration of flowering and flower diameter with increased NI duration with lowest at 120 min. NI (7.83 days and 15.69 cm). It was observed that increase (120 min.) in night interruption increased the vegetative growth and delayed the flowering; however, flower quality was deteriorated. Thus, it was concluded that 60 min. NI improved flower quality with sustained flower production in potted Chrysanthemum cv. Kikiobiory.
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
Chrysanthemum, Incandescent bulbs, Kikiobiory, Night Interruption, Vegetative Growth
Blanchard, M.G. and Runkle, E.S. (2009). Use of a cyclic high-pressure sodium lamp to inhibit flowering of chry-santhemum and velvet sage. Sci. Horti., 122: 448–454.
Cathey, H.M. and Borthwick, H.A. (1964). Significance of dark reversion of phytochrome in flowering of Chry-santhemum morifolium. Bot. Gaz., 125: 232-236.
Chen, C.L., Tsai, Y.J. and Sung, J.M. (2010). Photoperiod effect on flowering and seed setting of Hypericum per-foratum. Exploring Agric., 46: 393-400.
Dole, J. and Wilkins, H. (2005). Floriculture Principles and Species. 2nd ed. Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA.
Datta, J.P. and Ramadas, S. (2000). Growth, development and flowering of chrysanthemum (Dendranthema gran-diflora Tzelev.) as influenced by long-day exposures. Orissa J. Horti., 28 (1): 7-13.
Datta, S.K. (2006). Advances in Ornamental Horticulture (ed. S K Bhattacherjee). Pointer Publishers, Jaipur, pp 1-19.
Datta, S.K. and Gupta, V.K. (2012). Year round cultivation of garden chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) through photoperiodic response. Sci. & Cul-ture, 78 (1–2): 71-77.
Duncan, D.B. (1955). Multiple range and multiple F tests. Biometrics. 11:1–42.
Furuta, T. (1954). Photoperiod and flowering of Chrysanthe-mum morifolium. Proceed. American Soc. Hort. Sci., 63: 457-461.
Furuta, T. (2004). Photoperiod and flowering of chrysanthe-mums. Sci. Horti., 63: 457–461.
Hakuzan, R. and Nagayoshi, S. (2013). Effect of night-break light quality on floral inhibition of chrysanthemum. Hortic. Res., 12: 173-178.
Hanke, H. (1996). Short day decreases the risk of later flow-ering of chrysanthemums. Taspo Gartenbaumagazin, 5 (8): 8-10.
Hayashi, T., Heins, R.D., Cameron, A.C and Carlson, W.H. (2001). Ethephon influences flowering, height, and branching of several herbaceous perennials. Sci. Horti., 91 (3-4): 305-324.
Hong, S.C., Kwon, S.I., Kim, M.K., Chae, M.J., Jung, G.B. and So, K.H. (2013). Flowering Control by Using Red Light of Chrysanthemum. Korean J. Env. Agric., 32 (2): 123-127.
Jaime, A. and Silva, T. (2003). Chrysanthemum: advances in tissue culture, cryopreservation, postharvest technology, genetics and transgenic biotechnology. Biotech. Adv., 21: 715-766.
Kahar, S. Ab. (2008). Effects of photoperiod on growth and flowering of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat cv. Reagan Sunny. J. Tropical Agric. and Food Sci., 36 (2): 1-8.
Karlovic, K., Vrsek, I., Sindrak, Z. and Zidovec, V. (2004). Influence of growth regulators on the height and num-ber of inflorescence shoots in the Chrysanthemum culti-var ‘Revert’. Agric. Conspectus Sci., 69 (2–3): 63-66.
Kaur, P. (2014). Regulation of flower production and post harvest keeping quality in chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat). Ph.D. Disser-tation. Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana- India.
Kazaz, S., Askin, M.A., Kilic, S. and Ersoy, N. (2010). Effects of day length and daminozide on the flower-ing, some quality parameters and chlorophyll content of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. Sci. Res. and Essays, 5 (21): 3281-3288.
Korkut, A. (1990). Study on some chrysanthemum culti-vars under the unheated glass greenhouse. 5th Greenhouse Symp. 331-339.
Korfranek, A.M. and Halevy, A.H. (1972) .Conditions for opening cut chrysanthemum flower buds. J. Ameri-can Soc. Horti. Sci., 97: 578- 584.
Kurilcik, A., Dapkuniene, S., Kurilcik, G., Žilinskaite, S., Žukauskas, A. and Duchovskis, P. (2008). Effect of the photoperiod duration on the growth of Chrysan-themum plantlets in vitro. Scientific work of the Lithunian Institute of Horticulture and Lithunian Institute of Agriculture. Sodininkyste Ir Daržinin-kyste, 27 (2): 39-46.
Larson, A.R. (1992). Introduction to Floriculture. U.K. publishers.
Liao, Y., Suzuki, K., Yu, Y., Zhuang, D., Takai, Y., Oga-sawara, R., Shimazu, T and Fukui, H. (2014). Night break effect of LED light with different wavelengths on floral bud differentiation of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat “Jimba” and “Iwa no hakusen.” Environ. Control Biol., 52: 45-50.
Mattson, N.S. and Erwin, J.E. (2005). The impact of pho-toperiod and irradiance on flowering of several her-baceous ornamentals. Sci. Horti., 104: 275-292.
Ochiai, M., Liao, Y., Shimazu, T., Takai, Y., Suzuki, K., Yano, S. and Fukui, H. (2015). Varietal differences in flowering and plant growth under night-break treatment with LEDs in 12 chrysanthemum cultivars. Env. Control Bio., 53 (1): 17-22.
Post, K. (1931). Reducing the day length of chrysanthe-mums for the production of early blooms by the use of black sateen cloth. Proceed. American Soc. Horti. Sci., 28: 382-388.
Runkle, E. and Fisher, P. (2004). Photoperiod and flowering. In: Fisher PR, Runkle E. (eds.), Lighting Up Profits: Understanding Greenhouse Lighting. Meister Media Worldwide, Willoughby, OH, pp. 25-32.
Yamada, A., Tanigawa, T., Suyama, T., Matsuno, T. and Kunitake, T. (2008). Night break treatment using different light source promotes or delay growth and flowering of Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinn J. Japan Soc. Horti. Sci., 77: 69-74.
This work is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) © Author (s)
