Seedling age and nitrogen application affect on dry matter accumulation, partitioning and nutrient status of rice under temperate conditions
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
Abstract
Rice is the most important crop at the global level, as it used as a staple food in most of the countries of the world. Transplanting aged seedlings of paddy has a detrimental effect on the crop performance, which needs to be overcome for sustaining the productivity. Leaf colour chart based nitrogen application is an efficient and economical tool for enhancing the rice productivity and nitrogen use efficiency. With this in mind, a field experiment was conducted during kharif 2011, at the Research Farm of SKUAST-K, Shalimar, Srinagar (Kashmir) to optimize the seedling age of rice (Oryza sativa L.) under late transplanting conditions and to assess the suitability of using leaf colour chart as a nitrogen management tool to improve the performance of rice. The experiment was established in Randomized Block Design, with three replicates, 3 seedling ages and 6 nitrogen application treatments. The analyses of data revealed that 35 days old seedling recorded significantly higher total dry matter accumulation and dry matter partitioning to panicle (8.2 t ha-1) and leaf (2.4 t ha-1); grain yield (7.4 t ha-1); N, P and K uptake (11.6, 3.1 and 11.3 kg ha-1, respectively) (p<0.05). Among nitrogen application treatments significantly higher dry matter accumulation; yield (8.6 t ha-1) and N, P and K uptake (14.1, 3.6 and 12.7 kgha-1, respectively) was found in ½ N as basal and remaining at LCC <4 @20 kg ha-1 (p<0.05). Age of seedling and time of nitrogen application did not affect N, P, K and protein content of grain and straw significantly (p>0.05). It is concluded that the yield of rice can be improved by transplanting 35-days old seedling under late transplanted conditions in temperate regions and by following LCC guided nitrogen management.
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
Dry matter, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Rice and seedling age
Amin, A.K.M.K. and Haque, M.A. (2009). Seedling age influence rice (Oryza sativa L.) performance. Philippine Journal of Science, 138(2): 219-226.
Bali, A.S., Singh, K.N., Balli, A.S., Ganai, B.A. and Hasan, B. (1995). Effect of transplanting date, number and age of seedling on rice (Oryza sativa). Indian Journal of Agronomy, 40 (3):504-507.
Buresh R, Peng S, Huang J, Yang J, Wang G, Zhong X, Zou Y (2004). Rice systems in China with high nitrogen inputs, pp. 143-153. In Mosier et al. (eds) Agriculture and the nitrogen cycle: Assessing the impacts of fertilizer use on food production and the environment. Island Press, Washington DC, USA, p. 296.
Cassman, K.G., Kropff, M.J. and Yan, Z.D. (1994). A concep-tual frame-work for nitrogen management of irrigated rice in high-yield environments In: Viramani S.S. (Ed.), Hybrid Rice Technology: New Developments and Future Prospects, IRRI, Los Banos, Philippines, pp:81-96.
Chowdhury, S.R., Brahmanand, P.S., Kumar, A., Kundu, D.K. and Behera, M.S. (2011). Growth and yield of over-aged rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings under different nitrogen levels in waterlogged conditions. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 81(12): 1149-1152.
Cochran, J.C. and Cox, M.M. (1963). Experimental Designs. Asia Publishing House, Bombay, pp. 293-316.
Dass, A. and Chandra, S. (2013). Irrigation, spacing and cultivar effects on net photosynthetic rate, dry matter partitioning and productivity of rice under system of rice intensification in Mollisols of northern India. Experimental Agriculture 49(4):504-523.
Dingkuhn, M., Schnier, H.F., De Datta, S.K., Dorffling, K., Javellana, C. (1991a). Relationships between ripening-phase productivity and crop duration, canopy photosyn-thesis and senescence in transplanted and direct-seeded lowland rice. Field Crops Research, 26, 327–345.
Dingkuhn, M., Penning de Vries, F.W.T., De Datta, S.K., van Laar, H.H. (1991b). Concepts for new plant type for direct seeded flooded tropical rice. In: Direct Seeded Flooded Rice in the Tropics, International Rice Research Institute, Los Ban˜os, Philippines, pp. 17–38.
Faghani, R., Mobasser, H.R., Dehpor, A.A. and Kochaksarai, S.T. (2011). The effect of planting date and seedling age on yield and yield components of rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties in North of Iran. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 6(11): 2571-2575.
Houshmandfar, A and Kimaro, A. (2011). Calibrating the leaf color chart for rice nitrogen management in Northern Iran. African Journal of Agricultural Research 6(11): 2627-2633.
Jackson, M.L. (1973). Soil chemical analysis. Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi, India. p. 498.
Jayanthi, T., Gali, S.K., Angadi, V.V. and Chimmads, V.P. (2007). Effect of leaf colour chart based nitrogen management on growth and yield parameters of rainfed rice. Karnataka Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 20(2): 272-275.
Lu, X., Zhang, Z. and Virmani, S. S. (1994). Breeding status quo of two- line system hybrid rice. Chinese Journal of Rice Science, 8:48–54.
Mahzoor, Z., Ali, R.I., Awan, T.H., Khalid, N. and Ahmad, M. (2006). Appropriate time of nitrogen application to fine rice. Journal of Agricultural Research, 44(4): 36-42.
Mandal, B.K., Sainik, T.R. and Ray, P.K. (1984). Effect of age of seedling and level of nitrogen on the productivity of rice. Oryza, 21: 225-232.
Mannan, M.A., Bhuiya, M.S.U., Hossain, H.M.A. and Akhand, M.I.M. (2010). Optimization of nitrogen rate for aromatic basmati rice (Oriza sativa L.). Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research, 35(1): 157-165.
Padalia, C.R. (1981). Effect of age of seedling on the growth and yield of transplanted rice. Oryza, 18: 165-167.
Padmaja, K. and Reddy, B.B. (1998). Effect of seeding density in nursery, age of seedlings and crop geometry on growth and yield of hybrid rice during wet season. Oryza, 35: 380-381.
Patra, P.S. and Haque, S. (2011). Effect of seedling age on tillering pattern and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.) under system of rice intensification. ARPN Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science, 6(11): 33-35.
Pasuquin, E., Lafarge, T., Tubana, B. (2008).Transplanting young seedlings in irrigated rice fields: Early and high tiller production enhanced grain yield. Field Crops Re-search, 105: 141-155.
Rajendran, K. and Ganesa, R. V. (2014). Effect of age of seedlings on growth and yield of rice. Indian Journal of Advances in Plant Research, 1(5): 62-66.
Rajesh, V. and Thanunathan, K. (2003).Effect of seedling age, number and spacing on yield and nutrient uptake of traditional Kambanchamba rice. Madras Agricultural Journal, 90 (1-3): 47-49.
Rasool, R., Singh, P. and Akhter, S. (2015). Growth, yield attributes and yield of rice (oryza sativa l.) as affected by age of seedling and time of nitrogen application under temperate conditions. Indian Journal of Ecology, 42(1): 143-147.
Ros C., Bell, R. W. and White, P. F. (2003). Seedling vigour and the early growth of transplanted rice (Oryza sativa). Plant and Soil, 252: 325–337.
Sahoo, N.C. and Rout, L. (2004). Effect of seedling age and plant density on growth, yield and nutrient uptake in high yielding rice varieties and hybrids. Indian Journal of Agronomy, 49 (1):72-75.
San-oh, Y., Mano, Y., Ookawa, T., Hirasawa, T. (2004). Comparison of dry matter production and associated characteristics between direct-sown and transplanted rice plants in a submerged paddy field and relationships to planting patterns. Field Crop Research, 87: 43–58.
Souza, S.R., Stark, E.M.L.M. and Fernandes, M.S. (1999). Foliar spraying of rice with nitrogen : effect on protein levels, protein fractions and grain weight. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 22(3): 579-588.
Yuan, L.P. 1994. Increasing yield potential in rice by exploitation of heterosis. p. 1–6. In S.S. Virmani (ed.) Hybrid rice technology, new developments and future prospects. International Rice Research Institute, Los Ban˜ os, Laguna, The Philippines.
Zhao, L, Wu, L., Wu, M., and Li, Y. (2011). Nutrient uptake and water use efficiency as affected by modified rice cultivation methods with irrigation. Paddy Water Environment, 9: 25-32.
This work is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) © Author (s)
