Isolation and characterization of mineral potassium solubilizing bacteria from rhizosphere soils
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Abstract
Attempts were made to isolate potasium solubilizing bacteria (KSB) from rhizosphere soil of different crops in Nadia district of West Bengal. A total of ten bacteria isolates were tested for K solubilization and characterized up to genus level based on morphological and biochemical characters. Among the ten isolates, six were gram positive rods belonging to genera Bacillus and remaining four isolates was gram negative rod belonging to genera Pseudomonas. The mechanisms involved in K solubilization and other agronomical beneficial traits were also analyzed for selected efficient strains. The diameter of zone of solubilization formed by the isolates on agar media supplemented with mica at 1 per cent ranged from 0.60 to 1.26 cm at 72 hours after incubation. In vitro K solubilization from mica powder by bacteria ranged from 3.23?g/ml to 41.20?g/ml at 20 days after inoculation. Organic acids production by the KSB isolates is the main reason for solubilization of potassium from mica powder. Results further suggested that the use of efficient potassium mobilizers can be a feasible option for meeting the K-requirement of crops.
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Keywords
In vitro K-solubilization, Morphological and biochemical characters, Organic acids, Potassium solubilizing bacteria, Rhizosphere soil
References
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Archana, D.S., Nandish, M.S., Savalagi, V.P. and Alagawadi, A.R. (2013).Characterization of potassium solubilizing bacteria (KSB) from rhizosphere soil. Bioinfolet., 10: 248-257.
Badr, M.A. (2006). Efficiency of K-feldspar combined with organic materials and silicate dissolving bacteria on tomato yield. J. App. Sci. Res., 2(12): 1191-1198.
Barthalomew, J.W. and Mittewer, J. (1950). A simplified bacterial strain. Stain Tech. 25: 153.
Bertsch, P.M. and Thomas, G.W. (1985). Potassium status of temperature region soils. In: Munson, R.D. (Ed.) Potassium in agriculture ASA, CSSA and SSSP, Madison, WI, pp.131-162.
Blazevic, D.J. and Ederer, G.M. (1975). Principles of bio-chemical tests in diagnostic microbiology Wiley and Company, New York, pp.13-45.
Cappuccino, J.G. and Sherman, N. (1996). In: Microbiology: A laboratory manual.The Benjamin/Cunnings Publishing Company Inc. (4th Edition), Melopark, California.
Cowan, S.T. and Steel, K.J. (1970). Manual for the identification of medical bacterial. Lowe and Brydon, London, p.30.
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Diep, C.N. and Hieu, T.N. 2013.Phosphate and potassium solubilizing bacteria from weathered materials of denatured rock mountain, Ha Tien, Kiên Giang province Vietnam. Am. J Life Sci. vol. 1(3); 88-92.
Fang S.X. and Yan, L.H. (2006). Solubilization of potassium bearing minerals by wild type strain of Bacillus edaphicus and its mutants and increased potassium by wheat. Canadian journal of Microbilogy, 52, 66-72.
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Hu, X.F., Chen, J. and Guo, J.F. (2006). Two phosphate and potassium solubilizing bacteria isolated from Tiannu mountain, Zhejiang, China. World J. Micro. Biotech. 22: 983-990.
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Parmar. P., Sindhu, S. S. (2013). Potassium Solubilization by Rhizosphere Bacteria: Influence of Nutritional and Environmental Conditions. Journal of Microbiology Research, 3(1): 25-31
Prajapati, K.B. and Modi, H.A. (2012). Isolation and characterization of potassium solubilising bacteria from ceramic industry soil. CIBTech Journal of Microbiology ISSN. 1 (2-3): 8-14.
Raj, S.A. (2004). Solubilization on a silicate and concurrent release of phosphorus and potassium in rice ecosystem. Biofertilizer technology for rice based cropping system, pp.372-378.
Rajan S.S.S., Watkinson, J.H. and Sinclair, A.G. (1996). Phosphate rock of for direct application to soils. Adv. Agron., 57: 77-159.
Seeley, H.W. and Vandemark, P.J. (1970). Microbes in action: A laboratory manual of microbiology, D. P. Tarapo Revale Sons and Company Ltd., Bombay, pp.86-95.
Sheng, X.F. (2005). Growth promotion and increased potassium uptake of cotton and rape by a potassium releasing strain of bacillus edaphicus. Soil Biology & Biochemistry. 37(1): 1918-1922.
Sheng, X.F. and He, L.Y. (2006). Solubilization of potas-sium bearing minerals by a wild type strain of Bacillus edaphicus and its mutants and increased potassium uptake by wheat. Canadian Journal of Microbiology. 52(1): 66-72.
Sperberg, J.I. (1958). The incidence of apatite solubilizing organisms in the rhizosphere and soil. Australian J. Agril. Resou. Econ. 9: 778.
Sugumaran, P. and Janarthanam, B. (2007). Solubilization of potassium containing minerals by bacteria and their effect on plant growth. World J. Agric. Sci. 3(3): 350-355.
Tandon, H.L.S. and Sekhon, G.S. (1988). Potassium Research and Agricultural Production in India, Fertilizer development and consultation organization, New Delhi, p.144.
Yakhontova, L.K., Andreev, P.I., Ivanova, M.Y. and Nesterovich, L.G. (1987). Bacterial decomposition of smectite minerals. Doklady Akademii Nauk, SSSR. 296: 203-206.
Zhang, F., Wang, J., Zhang, W., Cui, Z., Ma, W., Chen, X. and Jiang, R. (2008). Nutrient use efficiencies of major cereal crops in China. Acta Pedol. Sin. 45: 915–922.
Altamare, C., Norvell, W.A., Bjorkman, T. and Harman, G.E. (1999). Solubilization of phosphates and micronutrients by the plant growth promoting and bacterial fungus Trichodera harzianum Rifai. App. Environ. Microbiol. 65: 2926-2933.
Anonymous (1957). Manual of microbiological method. McGraw Hill Book Company Inc., New York, p.127.
Archana, D.S., Nandish, M.S., Savalagi, V.P. and Alagawadi, A.R. (2013).Characterization of potassium solubilizing bacteria (KSB) from rhizosphere soil. Bioinfolet., 10: 248-257.
Badr, M.A. (2006). Efficiency of K-feldspar combined with organic materials and silicate dissolving bacteria on tomato yield. J. App. Sci. Res., 2(12): 1191-1198.
Barthalomew, J.W. and Mittewer, J. (1950). A simplified bacterial strain. Stain Tech. 25: 153.
Bertsch, P.M. and Thomas, G.W. (1985). Potassium status of temperature region soils. In: Munson, R.D. (Ed.) Potassium in agriculture ASA, CSSA and SSSP, Madison, WI, pp.131-162.
Blazevic, D.J. and Ederer, G.M. (1975). Principles of bio-chemical tests in diagnostic microbiology Wiley and Company, New York, pp.13-45.
Cappuccino, J.G. and Sherman, N. (1996). In: Microbiology: A laboratory manual.The Benjamin/Cunnings Publishing Company Inc. (4th Edition), Melopark, California.
Cowan, S.T. and Steel, K.J. (1970). Manual for the identification of medical bacterial. Lowe and Brydon, London, p.30.
Das, D.K. (2011). Introductory Soil Science. Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana.
Diep, C.N. and Hieu, T.N. 2013.Phosphate and potassium solubilizing bacteria from weathered materials of denatured rock mountain, Ha Tien, Kiên Giang province Vietnam. Am. J Life Sci. vol. 1(3); 88-92.
Fang S.X. and Yan, L.H. (2006). Solubilization of potassium bearing minerals by wild type strain of Bacillus edaphicus and its mutants and increased potassium by wheat. Canadian journal of Microbilogy, 52, 66-72.
Friedrich, S.N.P., Platonova, G.I., Karavaiko, E. and Stiche, G.F.(1991).Chemical and microbiological soluiblization of silicates. Acta. Biotech. 11: 187-196.
Hu, X. and Boyer, G.L. (1996).Siderophore mediated aluminium uptake by Bacillus megatherium ATCC 19213. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 62: 4044-4048.
Hu, X.F., Chen, J. and Guo, J.F. (2006). Two phosphate and potassium solubilizing bacteria isolated from Tiannu mountain, Zhejiang, China. World J. Micro. Biotech. 22: 983-990.
James, G.C. and Sherman, N. (1992), Microbiology and laboratory manual, rockland community college, suffern, New York, Third Edition. The Benjamin/Cummings publishing Co. Inc., Redwood, City, California.
Lin, Q.M., Rao, Z.H., Sun, Y.X., Yao, J. and Xing, L.J. (2002). Identification and practical application of silicate – dissolving bacteria. Agric. Sci. China, 1: 81-85.
Liu, D., Lian, B. and Dong, H. (2012). Isolation of Paenibacillus sp. and assessment of its potential for enhancing mineral weathering. Geomicrobiology Journal. 29: 413–421.
Liu, W., Xu, X., Wu, S., Yang, Q., Luo, Y. and Christie, P. (2006). Decomposition of silicate minerals by Bacillus mucilaginosus in liquid culture. Environ. Geochem. Health., 28: 133-140.
Mikhailouskaya, N. and Tcherhysh, A. (2005). K-mobilizing bacteria and their effect on wheat yield. Latvian J. Agron., 8: 154-157.
Parmar. P., Sindhu, S. S. (2013). Potassium Solubilization by Rhizosphere Bacteria: Influence of Nutritional and Environmental Conditions. Journal of Microbiology Research, 3(1): 25-31
Prajapati, K.B. and Modi, H.A. (2012). Isolation and characterization of potassium solubilising bacteria from ceramic industry soil. CIBTech Journal of Microbiology ISSN. 1 (2-3): 8-14.
Raj, S.A. (2004). Solubilization on a silicate and concurrent release of phosphorus and potassium in rice ecosystem. Biofertilizer technology for rice based cropping system, pp.372-378.
Rajan S.S.S., Watkinson, J.H. and Sinclair, A.G. (1996). Phosphate rock of for direct application to soils. Adv. Agron., 57: 77-159.
Seeley, H.W. and Vandemark, P.J. (1970). Microbes in action: A laboratory manual of microbiology, D. P. Tarapo Revale Sons and Company Ltd., Bombay, pp.86-95.
Sheng, X.F. (2005). Growth promotion and increased potassium uptake of cotton and rape by a potassium releasing strain of bacillus edaphicus. Soil Biology & Biochemistry. 37(1): 1918-1922.
Sheng, X.F. and He, L.Y. (2006). Solubilization of potas-sium bearing minerals by a wild type strain of Bacillus edaphicus and its mutants and increased potassium uptake by wheat. Canadian Journal of Microbiology. 52(1): 66-72.
Sperberg, J.I. (1958). The incidence of apatite solubilizing organisms in the rhizosphere and soil. Australian J. Agril. Resou. Econ. 9: 778.
Sugumaran, P. and Janarthanam, B. (2007). Solubilization of potassium containing minerals by bacteria and their effect on plant growth. World J. Agric. Sci. 3(3): 350-355.
Tandon, H.L.S. and Sekhon, G.S. (1988). Potassium Research and Agricultural Production in India, Fertilizer development and consultation organization, New Delhi, p.144.
Yakhontova, L.K., Andreev, P.I., Ivanova, M.Y. and Nesterovich, L.G. (1987). Bacterial decomposition of smectite minerals. Doklady Akademii Nauk, SSSR. 296: 203-206.
Zhang, F., Wang, J., Zhang, W., Cui, Z., Ma, W., Chen, X. and Jiang, R. (2008). Nutrient use efficiencies of major cereal crops in China. Acta Pedol. Sin. 45: 915–922.
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Isolation and characterization of mineral potassium solubilizing bacteria from rhizosphere soils. (2016). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 8(2), 705-710. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v8i2.861
