Understory vegetation in natural and plantation forest ecosystem of Sarguja (C.G.), India
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Abstract
Understory vegetation serves a special role in maintaining the structure and function of forest ecosystem as they strongly influence regeneration, seedling establishment, growth, nutrient cycling and thus the dynamics of the whole forest ecosystem. The present investigation is aimed to study the composition, structure and diversity of understory vegetation in natural forests and teak plantation of Sarguja forest division of Chhattisgarh. A total of 23 species comprising 5 shrubs and 18 herbs were recorded in natural forest while in teak plantation 3 shrub and 20 herb species were found. In natural forest a total of 4500 shrubs/ha and 8,32,000 herbs/ha were recorded while in plantation site it was 5500 shrubs/ha and 6,96,000 herbs/ha, respectively. In shrub layer the value of species diversity was 1.10 for teak plantation and 2.20 for natural forest. Simpson index was 0.23 for natural forest and 0.57 for teak plantation. The Margalef’s index of richness varied from 0.23-0.48, least in plantation site and peak in natural forest, Equitability index varied from 1.00 to 1.37, lowest in plantation site and higher in plantation site and ? diversity was 1.20 in natural forest and 2.00 in plantation site. In case of herb layer the value of Shannon index, species richness and equitability values were higher in teak plantation while the Simpsons index and beta diversity were found more in natural forest.
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Keywords
Composition, Diversity, Herb, Structure, Shrub, Understory
References
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Gerwing, J.J. and Vidal, E. (2002). Changes in liana abun-dance and species diversity eight years after liana cut-ting and logging in an Amazonia forest. Conservation Biology, 16: 544-548.
Gianoli, E., Saldana, A., Jimenez-Castillo, M. and Val-ladares, F. (2010). Distribution and abundance of vines along the light gradient in southern temperate rain for-est. Journal of Vegetation Science, 21: 66-73.
Gilliam, F.S. and Roberts, M.R. (2003). Conceptual frame-work for studies of the herbaceous layer. In: Gilliam FS, Roberts MR (eds) The herbaceous layer in forests of Eastern North America. Oxford University Press, Ox-ford, pp 3–11.
Hairston, N.G., Smith, F.E. and Slobodkin, L.D. (1964). Community structure, population control and competi-tion. American Naturalist, 94.
Hart, S.A. and Chen, H.Y.H. (2008). Fire, logging, and over-story affect understory abundance, diversity, and com-position in boreal forest. Ecol.Monogr., 78: 123-140.
Jhariya, M.K. (2014). Effect of forest fire on microbial bio-mass, storage and sequestration of carbon in a tropical deciduous forest of Chhattisgarh. Ph.D. Thesis, I.G.K.V., Raipur (C.G.), pp. 259.
Jhariya, M.K., Bargali, S.S., Swamy, S.L., Kittur, B., Bar-gali, K. and Pawar, G.V. (2014). Impact of forest fire on biomass and carbon storage pattern of tropical decidu-ous forests in Bhoramdeo wildlife sanctuary, Chhattis-garh. International Journal of Ecology and Environ-mental Sciences, 40(1): 57-74.
Jhariya, M.K., Bargali, S.S., Swamy, S.L. and Oraon, P.R. (2013). Herbaceous diversity in proposed mining area of Rowghat in Narayanpur District of Chhattisgarh, India. Journal of Plant Development Sciences, 5(4): 385-393.
Jhariya, M.K., Bargali, S.S., Swamy, S.L. and Kittur, B. (2012). Vegetational Structure, Diversity and Fuel Load in Fire Affected Areas of Tropical Dry Deciduous For-ests in Chhattisgarh. Vegetos, 25(1): 210-224.
Jhariya, M.K. and Oraon, P.R. (2012a). Regeneration Status and Species Diversity along the Fire Gradients in Tropi-cal Deciduous Forest of Chhattisgarh. Journal of Plant Development Sciences, 4(1): 49-54.
Jhariya, M.K. and Oraon, P.R. (2012b). Analysis of herba-ceous diversity in fire affected areas of Bhoramdeo Wildlife Sanctuary, Chhattisgarh. The Bioscan, 7(2): 325-330.
Jhariya, M.K. and Oraon, P.R. (2012c). Lianas and Shrubs Regeneration, Distribution Pattern and Diversity in Tropical Forest Ecosystem of Chhattisgarh. The Bio-scan, 7(3): 377-382.
Kittur, B., Swamy, S.L., Bargali, S.S. and Jhariya, M.K. (2014a). Wildland Fires and Moist Deciduous Forests of Chhattisgarh, India: Divergent Component Assess-ment. Journal of Forestry Research, 25(4): 857-866 (DOI) 10.1007/s11676-014-0471-0.
Kittur, B., Jhariya, M.K. and Lal, C. (2014b). Is the forest fire can affect the regeneration and species diversity. Ecology, Environment and Conservation, 20(3): 989-994.
Kwit, C. and Platt, W.J. (2003). Disturbance history influ-ences regeneration of non-pioneer under storey trees. Ecology, 84(10): 2575-2578.
LaFrankie, J.V., Ashton, P.S., Chuyong, G.B., Condit, L. Co, R., Davies, S.J., Foster, R., Hubbell, S.P., Kenfack, D., Lagunzad, D., Losos, E.C., Nor, N.S.M., Tan, S., Tho-mas, D.W., Valencia, R. and Villa, G. (2006). Contrast-ing structure and composition of the understory in spe-cies-rich tropical rain forests. Ecology, 87: 2298-2305.
Margalef, R. (1958). Perspective in ecological theory. Uni-versity of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Mishra, R.K., Upadhyay, V.P. and Mohanty, R.C. (2008). Vegetation Ecology of the Simplipal Biosphere Re-serve, Orissa India. Applied Ecology and Environment Research, 6(2): 89-99.
Odum, E.P. (1971). Fundamental of Ecology. Saunders Co., Philadelphia.
Oraon, P.R., Singh, L. and Jhariya, M.K. (2014). Variations in Herbaceous Composition of Dry Tropics Following Anthropogenic Disturbed Environment. Current World Environment, 9(3): 967-979.
Oraon, P.R., Singh, L. and Jhariya, M.K. (2015). Shrub Spe-cies Diversity in Relation to Anthropogenic Disturbance of Bhoramdeo Wildlife Sanctuary, Chhattisgarh. Envi-ronment and Ecology, 33(2A): 996-1002.
Pawar, G.V., Singh, L., Jhariya, M.K. and Sahu, K.P. (2014a.). Effect of Anthropogenic Disturbances on Biomass and Carbon Storage Potential of a Dry Tropi-cal Forest in India. Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 6(2): 383-392.
Pawar, G.V., Singh, L., Jhariya, M.K. and Sahu, K.P. (2014b). Assessment of Diversity along the Disturbance Gradient in Dry Tropics of Chhattisgarh, India. The Ecoscan, 8(3&4): 225-233.
Pawar, G.V., Singh, L., Jhariya, M.K. and Sahu, K.P. (2012). Regeneration status in relation to anthropogenic distur-bance in tropical deciduous forest of Chhattisgarh. The Ecoscan, (Special Issue) 1: 281-285.
Pielou, E.C. (1966). Species diversity and pattern diversity in the study of ecological succession. J. Theor. Biol., 10: 370-383.
Ramadhanil, R., Tjitrosoedirdjo, S.S. and Setiadi, D. (2008). Structure and composition of understory plant assem-blages of six land use types in the Lore Lindau National Park, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Bangladesh Journal of Plant Taxonomy, 15: 1–12.
Rasingam, L. and Parthasarathy, N. (2009). Diversity of understory plants in undisturbed and disturbed tropical lowland forests of Little Andaman Island, India. Biodi-vers. Conserv., 18: 1045-1065.
Roberts, M.R. (2004). Response of the herbaceous layer to natural disturbance in North American forests. Can J Bot, 82: 1273–1283.
Sahu, K.P., Singh, L., Alone, R.A., Jhariya, M.K. and Pawar, G.V. (2013a). Biomass and Carbon Storage Pattern in an Age Series of Teak Plantation in Dry Tropics. Vege-tos, 26(1): 205-217.
Sahu, K.P., Singh, L. and Jhariya, M.K. (2013b). Fine root biomass, forest floor and nutrient status of soil in an age series of teak plantation in dry tropics. The Bioscan, 8(4): 1149-1152.
Sahu, P.K., Sagar, R. and Singh, J.S. (2008). Tropical forest structure and diversity in relation to altitude and distur-bance in a Biosphere Reserve in central India. Applied Vegetation Science, 11: 461–470.
Sangar, R., Singh, A. and Singh, J.S. (2008). Differential effect of woody plant canopies on species composition and diversity of ground vegetation: a case study. Trop. Ecol., 49: 189-197.
Schnitzer, S.A., Bongers, F. and Powers, J. (2012). Under-standing the increase in lianas in neotropical forests. In: Symposium (12) “Ecology, Evolution and Sustainable use of Tropical Biodiversity”, 18-22 June, 2012. Bonito Convention Center, Brazil.
Shadangi, D.K. and Nath, V. (2005). Impact of seasons on ground flora under plantation and natural forest in Amarkantak. Ind. For., 131(2): 240-250.
Shankar, U. (2001). A case of high tree diversity in a Sal (Shorea robusta) dominated lowland forest of eastern Himalaya: Floristic composition, regeneration and con-servation. Current Science, 81(7): 776-786.
Shannon, C.E. and Weaver, W. (1963). The Mathematical Theory of Communication. Urbana, USA: University of Illinois Press.
Siebert, S. (2002). From shade to sun-grown perennial crops in Sulawesi, Indonesia: implications for biodiversity conservation and soil fertility. Biodiversity and Conser-vation, 11: 1889–1902.
Simpson, E.H. (1949). Measurement of diversity. Nature, 163: 688.
Sinha, R., Jhariya, M.K. and Yadav, D.K. (2015). Assess-ment of Sal Seedlings and Herbaceous Flora in the Khairbar Plantation of Sarguja Forest Division, Chhat-tisgarh. Current World Environment, 10(1): 330-337.
Sinha, R., Yadav, D.K. and Jhariya, M.K. (2014). Growth performance of Sal in Mahamaya central forest nursery (Ambikapur), Chhattisgarh. International Journal of Scientific Research, 3(11): 246-248.
Small, C.J. (2001). Environmental and Plant Biology Herb Layer Dynamics and Disturbance Response in the Mixed Mesophytic Forest Region of Southeastern Ohio. Ph.D. Thesis (176pp.).
Whittaker, R.H. (1972). Evolution and measurement of spe-cies diversity. Taxon, 21: 213-251 .
Yadav, D.K., Jhariya, M.K., Kumar, A. and Sinha, R. (2015). Documentation and Ethnobotanical importance of Me-dicinal Plants found in Sarguja district. Journal of Plant Development Sciences,7(5): 439-446.
Gerwing, J.J. and Vidal, E. (2002). Changes in liana abun-dance and species diversity eight years after liana cut-ting and logging in an Amazonia forest. Conservation Biology, 16: 544-548.
Gianoli, E., Saldana, A., Jimenez-Castillo, M. and Val-ladares, F. (2010). Distribution and abundance of vines along the light gradient in southern temperate rain for-est. Journal of Vegetation Science, 21: 66-73.
Gilliam, F.S. and Roberts, M.R. (2003). Conceptual frame-work for studies of the herbaceous layer. In: Gilliam FS, Roberts MR (eds) The herbaceous layer in forests of Eastern North America. Oxford University Press, Ox-ford, pp 3–11.
Hairston, N.G., Smith, F.E. and Slobodkin, L.D. (1964). Community structure, population control and competi-tion. American Naturalist, 94.
Hart, S.A. and Chen, H.Y.H. (2008). Fire, logging, and over-story affect understory abundance, diversity, and com-position in boreal forest. Ecol.Monogr., 78: 123-140.
Jhariya, M.K. (2014). Effect of forest fire on microbial bio-mass, storage and sequestration of carbon in a tropical deciduous forest of Chhattisgarh. Ph.D. Thesis, I.G.K.V., Raipur (C.G.), pp. 259.
Jhariya, M.K., Bargali, S.S., Swamy, S.L., Kittur, B., Bar-gali, K. and Pawar, G.V. (2014). Impact of forest fire on biomass and carbon storage pattern of tropical decidu-ous forests in Bhoramdeo wildlife sanctuary, Chhattis-garh. International Journal of Ecology and Environ-mental Sciences, 40(1): 57-74.
Jhariya, M.K., Bargali, S.S., Swamy, S.L. and Oraon, P.R. (2013). Herbaceous diversity in proposed mining area of Rowghat in Narayanpur District of Chhattisgarh, India. Journal of Plant Development Sciences, 5(4): 385-393.
Jhariya, M.K., Bargali, S.S., Swamy, S.L. and Kittur, B. (2012). Vegetational Structure, Diversity and Fuel Load in Fire Affected Areas of Tropical Dry Deciduous For-ests in Chhattisgarh. Vegetos, 25(1): 210-224.
Jhariya, M.K. and Oraon, P.R. (2012a). Regeneration Status and Species Diversity along the Fire Gradients in Tropi-cal Deciduous Forest of Chhattisgarh. Journal of Plant Development Sciences, 4(1): 49-54.
Jhariya, M.K. and Oraon, P.R. (2012b). Analysis of herba-ceous diversity in fire affected areas of Bhoramdeo Wildlife Sanctuary, Chhattisgarh. The Bioscan, 7(2): 325-330.
Jhariya, M.K. and Oraon, P.R. (2012c). Lianas and Shrubs Regeneration, Distribution Pattern and Diversity in Tropical Forest Ecosystem of Chhattisgarh. The Bio-scan, 7(3): 377-382.
Kittur, B., Swamy, S.L., Bargali, S.S. and Jhariya, M.K. (2014a). Wildland Fires and Moist Deciduous Forests of Chhattisgarh, India: Divergent Component Assess-ment. Journal of Forestry Research, 25(4): 857-866 (DOI) 10.1007/s11676-014-0471-0.
Kittur, B., Jhariya, M.K. and Lal, C. (2014b). Is the forest fire can affect the regeneration and species diversity. Ecology, Environment and Conservation, 20(3): 989-994.
Kwit, C. and Platt, W.J. (2003). Disturbance history influ-ences regeneration of non-pioneer under storey trees. Ecology, 84(10): 2575-2578.
LaFrankie, J.V., Ashton, P.S., Chuyong, G.B., Condit, L. Co, R., Davies, S.J., Foster, R., Hubbell, S.P., Kenfack, D., Lagunzad, D., Losos, E.C., Nor, N.S.M., Tan, S., Tho-mas, D.W., Valencia, R. and Villa, G. (2006). Contrast-ing structure and composition of the understory in spe-cies-rich tropical rain forests. Ecology, 87: 2298-2305.
Margalef, R. (1958). Perspective in ecological theory. Uni-versity of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Mishra, R.K., Upadhyay, V.P. and Mohanty, R.C. (2008). Vegetation Ecology of the Simplipal Biosphere Re-serve, Orissa India. Applied Ecology and Environment Research, 6(2): 89-99.
Odum, E.P. (1971). Fundamental of Ecology. Saunders Co., Philadelphia.
Oraon, P.R., Singh, L. and Jhariya, M.K. (2014). Variations in Herbaceous Composition of Dry Tropics Following Anthropogenic Disturbed Environment. Current World Environment, 9(3): 967-979.
Oraon, P.R., Singh, L. and Jhariya, M.K. (2015). Shrub Spe-cies Diversity in Relation to Anthropogenic Disturbance of Bhoramdeo Wildlife Sanctuary, Chhattisgarh. Envi-ronment and Ecology, 33(2A): 996-1002.
Pawar, G.V., Singh, L., Jhariya, M.K. and Sahu, K.P. (2014a.). Effect of Anthropogenic Disturbances on Biomass and Carbon Storage Potential of a Dry Tropi-cal Forest in India. Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 6(2): 383-392.
Pawar, G.V., Singh, L., Jhariya, M.K. and Sahu, K.P. (2014b). Assessment of Diversity along the Disturbance Gradient in Dry Tropics of Chhattisgarh, India. The Ecoscan, 8(3&4): 225-233.
Pawar, G.V., Singh, L., Jhariya, M.K. and Sahu, K.P. (2012). Regeneration status in relation to anthropogenic distur-bance in tropical deciduous forest of Chhattisgarh. The Ecoscan, (Special Issue) 1: 281-285.
Pielou, E.C. (1966). Species diversity and pattern diversity in the study of ecological succession. J. Theor. Biol., 10: 370-383.
Ramadhanil, R., Tjitrosoedirdjo, S.S. and Setiadi, D. (2008). Structure and composition of understory plant assem-blages of six land use types in the Lore Lindau National Park, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Bangladesh Journal of Plant Taxonomy, 15: 1–12.
Rasingam, L. and Parthasarathy, N. (2009). Diversity of understory plants in undisturbed and disturbed tropical lowland forests of Little Andaman Island, India. Biodi-vers. Conserv., 18: 1045-1065.
Roberts, M.R. (2004). Response of the herbaceous layer to natural disturbance in North American forests. Can J Bot, 82: 1273–1283.
Sahu, K.P., Singh, L., Alone, R.A., Jhariya, M.K. and Pawar, G.V. (2013a). Biomass and Carbon Storage Pattern in an Age Series of Teak Plantation in Dry Tropics. Vege-tos, 26(1): 205-217.
Sahu, K.P., Singh, L. and Jhariya, M.K. (2013b). Fine root biomass, forest floor and nutrient status of soil in an age series of teak plantation in dry tropics. The Bioscan, 8(4): 1149-1152.
Sahu, P.K., Sagar, R. and Singh, J.S. (2008). Tropical forest structure and diversity in relation to altitude and distur-bance in a Biosphere Reserve in central India. Applied Vegetation Science, 11: 461–470.
Sangar, R., Singh, A. and Singh, J.S. (2008). Differential effect of woody plant canopies on species composition and diversity of ground vegetation: a case study. Trop. Ecol., 49: 189-197.
Schnitzer, S.A., Bongers, F. and Powers, J. (2012). Under-standing the increase in lianas in neotropical forests. In: Symposium (12) “Ecology, Evolution and Sustainable use of Tropical Biodiversity”, 18-22 June, 2012. Bonito Convention Center, Brazil.
Shadangi, D.K. and Nath, V. (2005). Impact of seasons on ground flora under plantation and natural forest in Amarkantak. Ind. For., 131(2): 240-250.
Shankar, U. (2001). A case of high tree diversity in a Sal (Shorea robusta) dominated lowland forest of eastern Himalaya: Floristic composition, regeneration and con-servation. Current Science, 81(7): 776-786.
Shannon, C.E. and Weaver, W. (1963). The Mathematical Theory of Communication. Urbana, USA: University of Illinois Press.
Siebert, S. (2002). From shade to sun-grown perennial crops in Sulawesi, Indonesia: implications for biodiversity conservation and soil fertility. Biodiversity and Conser-vation, 11: 1889–1902.
Simpson, E.H. (1949). Measurement of diversity. Nature, 163: 688.
Sinha, R., Jhariya, M.K. and Yadav, D.K. (2015). Assess-ment of Sal Seedlings and Herbaceous Flora in the Khairbar Plantation of Sarguja Forest Division, Chhat-tisgarh. Current World Environment, 10(1): 330-337.
Sinha, R., Yadav, D.K. and Jhariya, M.K. (2014). Growth performance of Sal in Mahamaya central forest nursery (Ambikapur), Chhattisgarh. International Journal of Scientific Research, 3(11): 246-248.
Small, C.J. (2001). Environmental and Plant Biology Herb Layer Dynamics and Disturbance Response in the Mixed Mesophytic Forest Region of Southeastern Ohio. Ph.D. Thesis (176pp.).
Whittaker, R.H. (1972). Evolution and measurement of spe-cies diversity. Taxon, 21: 213-251 .
Yadav, D.K., Jhariya, M.K., Kumar, A. and Sinha, R. (2015). Documentation and Ethnobotanical importance of Me-dicinal Plants found in Sarguja district. Journal of Plant Development Sciences,7(5): 439-446.
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Understory vegetation in natural and plantation forest ecosystem of Sarguja (C.G.), India. (2016). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 8(2), 668-673. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v8i2.856
