Assessment of herbaceous biomass: A study in Rowghat mining areas of Chhattisgarh, India
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Abstract
We studied Rowghat sites of Chhattisgarh, India, with the objective to assess herbaceous layer composition, biomass and to prepare management implications for conservation of ecologically sensitive species in mined areas. Ten sites (Anjrel, Khodgaon, Khadkagaon, Takrel, Rav Dongri, Tarhur, Godenmar Dongri, Parmad Dongri, Bhusujkun Dongri and Bedhiyar Nala) were selected for the study. We randomly placed quadrats of 1x1 m size in each site. A sum of 36 species distributed in 15 families were encountered in Rowghat mining site. The total density of all herbs was highest (724000) in Bhusujkun Dongri followed by Khadkagaon (678000), Rav Dongri (662000) and lowest was recorded from Godenmar Dongri (502000). The density of herbs across the study area ranged from 9,000 (D. ciliaris) to 2,50,000 (S. viridis) in the areas of Tarhur and Bediyar Nala. The herb species were unevenly distributed across mined areas. The Chlorophytum tuberosum and Cassia tora were recorded only from Tarkel and Godenmar Dongri sites, respectively. The total belowground biomass ranged between 0.097 t/ha in Godenmar Dongri to 0.18 t/ha in Rav Dongri. An ecological approach is must to restore the collieries. Protection of ecologically sensitive herbs is necessary. Prolonged ban on mining activity in Rowghat forest area is needed to restore degraded forest.
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Keywords
Biomass, Herbaceous, Mined areas, Rowghat
References
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Champion, H.G. and Seth, S.K. (1968). A revised survey of the forest types of India. New Delhi: Manager of Publi-cations, Government of India, 404 p.
Clements, F.E. (1936). Nature and structure of the climax. Journal of Ecology, 24: 252-284.
Chaoji, V. (2002). Environmental challenges and the future of Indian coal. Journal of Mines, Metals and Fuels, 11: 257–262.
Connell, J.H. (1978). Diversity in tropical rain forests and coral reefs. Science, 199: 1302–1310.
Curtis, J.T. and McIntosh, R.P. (1950). The interrelations of certain analytic and synthetic phytosociological charac-ters. Ecology, 31: 434– 455.
Deka Boruah, H.P., Rabha, B.K., Pathak, N. and Gogoi, J. (2008). Non-uniform patchy stomatal closure of a plant is a strong determinant of plant growth under stressful situation. Current Science, 94: 1310–1314.
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Gonzalez, R.C. and Gonzalez-Chavez, M.C.A. (2006). Metal accumulation in wild plants surrounding mining wastes: Soil and sediment remediation (SSR). Environmental Pollution, 144: 84–92.
Grime, J.P. (1998). Benefits of plant diversity to ecosystems: immediate, filter and founder effects. Journal of Ecol-ogy, 86: 902–910.
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Lubchenco, J. (1978). Plant species diversity in a marine intertidal community: Importance of herbivore food preference and algal competitive abilities. The Ameri-can Naturalist, 112(983): 23-39.
Maiti, S.K. (2007). Bioremediation of coalmine overburden dumps with special emphasis in micronutrients and heavy metals accumulation in tree species. Environ-mental Monitoring and Assessment, 125: 111–122.
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Paine, R.T. (1966). Food Web Complexity and Species Di-versity. American Naturalist, 100: 65-75.
Roscher, C., Schumacher, J., Gubsch, M., Lipowsky, A., Weigelt, A., Buchmann, N., Schmid, B. and Schulze, E. (2012). Using plant functional traits to explain diversity–productivity relationships. PLoS One, 7(5): e36760.
Sabo, K.E., Hart, S.C., Sieg, C.H. and Bailey, J.D. (2008). Tradeoffs in Overstory and Understory Aboveground Net Primary Productivity in Southwestern Ponderosa Pine Stands. Forest Science, 54(4): 408-416.
Shadangi, D.K. and Nath, V. (2005). Impact of seasons on ground flora under plantation and natural forest in Amarkantak. Indian Forester, 131(2): 240-250.
Sinha, R., Jhariya, M.K. and Yadav, D.K. (2015). Assess-ment of Sal Seedlings and Herbaceous Flora in the Khairbar Plantation of Sarguja Forest Division, Chhat-tisgarh. Current World Environment, 10(1): 330-337.
Vavra, M. (2005). Livestock grazing and wildlife: develop-ing compatibilities. Rangeland Ecology and Manage-ment, 58: 128–134.
Wong, M.H. (2003). Ecological restoration of mine degraded soils, with emphasis on metal contaminated soils. Chemosphere, 50: 775–780.
Bargali, S.S., Tewari, J.C., Rawat, Y.S. and Singh, S.P. (1987). Woody vegetation in high elevation blue-pine mixed oak forest of Kumaun Himalaya, India. In: Pangty YPS, Joshi SC. (eds.), Western Himalaya: Envi-ronment, Problems and Development. Gyanodaya Parakashan, Nainital. pp. 121?155.
Bohre, P., Chaubey, O.P. and Singhal, P.K. (2012). Bio-restoration and its impact on species diversity and biomass accumulation of ground flora community of degraded ecosystem of coalmines. International Journal of Bio-Science and Bio-Technology, 4(4): 63-80.
Champion, H.G. and Seth, S.K. (1968). A revised survey of the forest types of India. New Delhi: Manager of Publi-cations, Government of India, 404 p.
Clements, F.E. (1936). Nature and structure of the climax. Journal of Ecology, 24: 252-284.
Chaoji, V. (2002). Environmental challenges and the future of Indian coal. Journal of Mines, Metals and Fuels, 11: 257–262.
Connell, J.H. (1978). Diversity in tropical rain forests and coral reefs. Science, 199: 1302–1310.
Curtis, J.T. and McIntosh, R.P. (1950). The interrelations of certain analytic and synthetic phytosociological charac-ters. Ecology, 31: 434– 455.
Deka Boruah, H.P., Rabha, B.K., Pathak, N. and Gogoi, J. (2008). Non-uniform patchy stomatal closure of a plant is a strong determinant of plant growth under stressful situation. Current Science, 94: 1310–1314.
Dowarah, J., Deka Boruah, H.P., Gogoi, J., Pathak, N., Sai-kia, N. and Handique, A.K. (2009). Eco-restoration of a high-sulphur coal mine overburden dumping site in northeast India: A case study. Journal of Earth System Science, 118(5): 597–608.
Ghose, M.K. (2004). Effect of opencast mining on soil fertil-ity. Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 63: 1006–1009.
Gonzalez, R.C. and Gonzalez-Chavez, M.C.A. (2006). Metal accumulation in wild plants surrounding mining wastes: Soil and sediment remediation (SSR). Environmental Pollution, 144: 84–92.
Grime, J.P. (1998). Benefits of plant diversity to ecosystems: immediate, filter and founder effects. Journal of Ecol-ogy, 86: 902–910.
Howe, H. (1999). Dominance, diversity, and grazing in tall-grass restoration. Ecological Restoration, 17: 59–66.
Huston, M. (1979). A general hypothesis of species diversity. American Naturalist, 113: 81-101.
Jhariya, M.K., Bargali, S.S., Swamy, S.L. and Kittur, B. (2012). Vegetational structure, diversity and fuel load in fire affected areas of tropical dry deciduous forests in Chhattisgarh. Vegetos, 25(1): 210-224.
Jhariya, M.K., Bargali, S.S., Swamy, S.L. and Oraon, P.R. (2013). Herbaceous diversity in proposed mining area of Rowghat in Narayanpur District of Chhattisgarh, India. Journal of Plant Development Sciences, 5(4):385-393.
Juwarkar, A.A. and Jumbalkar, H.P. (2008). Phytoremedia-tion of coal mine spoil dump through integrated biotechnological approach. Bioresource Technology, 99: 4732–4741.
Kittur, B., Swamy, S.L., Bargali, S.S. and Jhariya, M.K. (2014). Wildland Fires and Moist Deciduous Forests of Chhattisgarh, India: Divergent Component Assessment. Journal of Forestry Research, 25(4): 857-866.
Knapp, A.K., Blair, J.M., Briggs, J.M., Collins, S., Hartnett, D.C., Johnson, L.C. and Towne, E.G. (1999). The key-stone role of bison in North American tallgrass prairie. Bio Science, 49: 39–50.
Kodandapani, N. (2001). Forest fires: Origins and Ecological Paradoxes. Resonance, 6: 34-41.
Kumar, A., Jhariya, M.K. and Yadav, D.K. (2015). Commu-nity Characters of Herbaceous Species in Plantation Sites of Coal Mine. Journal of Plant Development Sci-ences,7(11): 809-814.
Kuramoto, R.T. and Bliss, L.C. (1970). Methods of estimat-ing root mountains, Washington. Ecological Mono-graphs, 40(3): 317?347.
Lubchenco, J. (1978). Plant species diversity in a marine intertidal community: Importance of herbivore food preference and algal competitive abilities. The Ameri-can Naturalist, 112(983): 23-39.
Maiti, S.K. (2007). Bioremediation of coalmine overburden dumps with special emphasis in micronutrients and heavy metals accumulation in tree species. Environ-mental Monitoring and Assessment, 125: 111–122.
Mendez, M.O. and Maier, R.M. (2008). Phytostabilization of mine tailings in arid and semiarid environments – An emerging remediation technology. Environmental Health Perspectives, 116: 278–283.
Niyogi, D.K., Lewis, W.M. and McKnight, D.M. (2002). Effects of stress from mine drainage on diversity, bio-mass and function of primary producers in mountain streams. Ecosystems, 5: 554–567.
Odum, E.P. (1971). Fundamental of ecology. Saunders Co., Philadelphia. 238 p.
Oraon, P.R., Singh, L. and Jhariya, M.K. (2014). Variations in Herbaceous Composition of Dry Tropics Following Anthropogenic Disturbed Environment. Current World Environment, 9(3): 967-979.
Paine, R.T. (1966). Food Web Complexity and Species Di-versity. American Naturalist, 100: 65-75.
Roscher, C., Schumacher, J., Gubsch, M., Lipowsky, A., Weigelt, A., Buchmann, N., Schmid, B. and Schulze, E. (2012). Using plant functional traits to explain diversity–productivity relationships. PLoS One, 7(5): e36760.
Sabo, K.E., Hart, S.C., Sieg, C.H. and Bailey, J.D. (2008). Tradeoffs in Overstory and Understory Aboveground Net Primary Productivity in Southwestern Ponderosa Pine Stands. Forest Science, 54(4): 408-416.
Shadangi, D.K. and Nath, V. (2005). Impact of seasons on ground flora under plantation and natural forest in Amarkantak. Indian Forester, 131(2): 240-250.
Sinha, R., Jhariya, M.K. and Yadav, D.K. (2015). Assess-ment of Sal Seedlings and Herbaceous Flora in the Khairbar Plantation of Sarguja Forest Division, Chhat-tisgarh. Current World Environment, 10(1): 330-337.
Vavra, M. (2005). Livestock grazing and wildlife: develop-ing compatibilities. Rangeland Ecology and Manage-ment, 58: 128–134.
Wong, M.H. (2003). Ecological restoration of mine degraded soils, with emphasis on metal contaminated soils. Chemosphere, 50: 775–780.
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Assessment of herbaceous biomass: A study in Rowghat mining areas of Chhattisgarh, India. (2016). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 8(2), 645-651. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v8i2.852
