Varieties and mulching influence on weed growth in wheat under Indo- Gangetic plain of India
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Abstract
Weeds are one of the primary factors responsible for reducing wheat yield. Despite, herbicides’ being one of the important components of weed management programme in India, but it was not adopted by resource poor farmers. Keeping these facts in view, a field experiment was carried out at Agricultural research farm, Institute of Agricultural sciences, Banaras Hindu University during the rabi (winter) season of the year 2012-13 to scrutinize the influence of ‘mulching’ and ‘varieties’ on weed control potential as well as growth and yield of wheat. The treatments comprised of five wheat varieties (C-306, K-8027, K-0307, DBW-39 and HD-2888) and four mulching treatments (No-mulch, paddy straw 6t/ha, maize straw 6t/ha, and saw dust 6t/ha). Surface application of paddy straw mulch 6t/ha considerably reduced the density and biomass of broad leafed weeds and grasses and showed higher weed control efficiency over other treatments like maize straw 6t/ha, saw dust 6t/ha and no-mulch. Varieties DBW-39 and K-0307 was highly effective in smothering of the weeds and produced higher dry matter accumulation, leaf area index, number of grain/earhead, biological yield and harvest index of wheat.
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Keywords
Cultivars, Maize straw, Paddy straw, Saw dust, Weed control efficiency
References
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Andrew, I.K.S., Storkey, J. and Sparkes, D.L. (2015). A review of the potential for competitive cereal cultivars as a tool in integrated weed management. Weed Res., 55(3): 239–248.
Anwar, M.P., Juraimi, A.S., Mohamed, M.T.M., Uddin, M.K., Samedani, B., Puteh,A. and Man, A. (2013). Integration of agronomic practices with herbicides for sustainable weed management in aerobic rice. The Sci-entific World J., 2013 article ID 916408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/916408
Araya, A. and Stroosnijder, L. (2010). Effects of tied ridges and mulch on barley (Hordeum vulgare) rainwater use efficiency and production in Northern Ethiopia. Agr. Water Manage., 97: 841–847.
Bertholdsson, N.O. and Brantestam K.A. (2009). A century of Nordic barley breeding - effects on early vigour root and shoot growth, straw length, harvest index and grain weight. Eur. J. Agron. 30: 266–274.
Borghi,E., Costa,N.V., Crusciol,C.A.C. and Mateus,G.P. (2008). Influence of the spatial distribution of maize and Brachiaria brizantha intercropping on the weed population under no-tillage. Planta Daninha., 26 (3): 559–568.
Brar, A.S. and Walia, U.S. (2010). Rice residue position and load with weed control treatment-interferance with growth and development of Phalaris minor and wheat. Indian J. Weed Sci., 42: 163–167.
Chaudhary, S.U., Hussain, M., Ali,M. A. and Iqbal, J. (2008). Effect of weed competition period on yield and yield components of wheat. J. Agric. Res. 46(1): 47–53.
Chhokar, R.S., Sharma, R.K., Chauhan, D.S. and Mongia, A.D. (2006). Evaluation of herbicides against Phalaris minor in wheat in northwestern plains. Weed Res., 46: 40–49.
Chung, I.M., Ahn, J.K. and Yun, S.J. (2001). Identification of allelopathic compounds from rice (Oryza sativa L.) straw and their biological activity. Can. J. Plant Sci., 81(4): 815–819.
El-Shahawy, T.A., El-Rokiek, K.G., F.A. Sharara and Kha-laf, K.A. (2006). New approach to use rice straw waste for weed control. I. Effect of rice straw extract on controlling broad-narrow leave weeds in cucumber (Cucumis sativa L.). Int. J. Agr. Biol., 8: 262–268.
Gomez, K.A. and Gomez, A.A. (1984). Statistical procedures in agricultural research, 2nd Edition. John Wiley & Sons, U.K.
Joshi, A.K., Chand, R., Arun, B., Singh, R.P. and Ortiz, R. (2007). Breeding crops for reduced-tillage management in the intensive, rice-wheat systems of South Asia. Euphytica 153:135–151.
Kasirajan, S. and Ngouajio, M. (2012) Polyethylene and biodegradable mulches for agricultural applications: a review. Agron. Sustain. Dev., 32:501–529.
Kato-Noguchi, H. (2000). Allelopathy in maize II: Allelo-pathic potential of a new benzoxazolinone, 5-chloro-6-methoxy-2-benzoxazolinone and its analogues. Plant Prod. Sci., 3 (1):47–50.
Khan, M.H.N. (2002). Wheat crop yield loss assessment due to weeds. Sarhad J. Agric., 18 (4): 449–453.
Kumar, S., Agarwal, A. and Kumar, P. (2008). Effect of culture methods on weed population and grain yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Vegetos, 21 (1): 61–63.
Lemerle, D., Verbeek, B., Cousens, R.D. and Coombes, N.E. (1996). The potential for selecting wheat varieties strongly competitive against weeds. Weed Res., 36: 505–513.
Sharma, I., Singh, G., Tyagi, B.S. and Sharma, R.K. (2013). Wheat improvement in India-Achievement and future challenges. In: Souvenir of All India wheat and barley research workers’ meet held on Sep 1–4, 2013. pp 8–20.
Sharma, R. (2009). Integrated weed management technolo-gies in wheat (2009). In: Sharma, R.K., Aggarwal,S., Singh, A.M., Sharma, J.B. (eds), Consolidating the productivity grain in wheat-An Outlook, Indian Agri-cultural Research Institute, New Delhi. pp 52–56.
Sharma. R, Agarwal, A. and Kumar, S. (2008). Effect of micronutrients on protein content and productivity of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Vegetos, 21(1): 51–53.
Singh, M., Singh, M.K., Rakshit, A., Prasad, S.K. and Kumar, K. (2014). Herbicides, nitrogen-scheduling and –rates effects on economics of wheat (Triticum aesti-vum L.). Econ. Affairs, 59 (4): 663–667.
Singh, M., Singh, M.K., Singh, S.P. and Sahu, R. (2015). Herbicide and nitrogen application effects on weeds and yield of wheat. Indian J. Weed Sci., 47 (2): 125–130.
Singh, M.K. and Saini, S.S. (2008). Planting date, mulch, and herbicide rate effects on the growth, yield, and physicochemical properties of menthol mint (Mentha arvensis L.). Weed Technol. 22: 691–698.
Singh,S. (2007). Role of management practices on control of isoproturon-resistant littleseed canary grass (Phalaris minor) in India. Weed Technol., 21: 339–346.
Singh, S. and Chhokar, R.S. (2012). Integrated weed man-agement strategies for sustainable wheat production. In: Singh, S.S., Hanchinal, R.R., Singh, G.N., Sharma, R.K., Tyagi, B.S., Saharan, M.S. and Sharma, I. (eds.) Wheat- Productivity enhancement under changing cli-mate. Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi, pp 197–205.
Singh, V., Singh, H. and Raghubanshi, A.S. (2013). Com-petitive interactions of wheat with Phalaris minor or Rumex dentatus: A replacement series study. Int. J. Pest Manage., 59 (4): 245–258.
Swaminathan, M.S. (2013). Genesis and growth of the yield revolution in wheat in India: Lesson for shaping our agricultural destiny. In: Souvenir of All India wheat and barley research workers’ meet held on Sep.1-4. pp 1–7.
Unkovich, M., Baldock, J. and Forbes, M. (2010). Variabil-ity in harvest index of grain crops and potential signifi-cance for carbon accounting: Examples from Australian agriculture. Adv. Agron., 105: 173–219.
Vincent, D. and Quirke, D. (2002). Controlling Phalaris minor in the Indian rice-wheat belt, ACIAR Impact Assessment Series No. 18. pp10.
Andrew, I.K.S., Storkey, J. and Sparkes, D.L. (2015). A review of the potential for competitive cereal cultivars as a tool in integrated weed management. Weed Res., 55(3): 239–248.
Anwar, M.P., Juraimi, A.S., Mohamed, M.T.M., Uddin, M.K., Samedani, B., Puteh,A. and Man, A. (2013). Integration of agronomic practices with herbicides for sustainable weed management in aerobic rice. The Sci-entific World J., 2013 article ID 916408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/916408
Araya, A. and Stroosnijder, L. (2010). Effects of tied ridges and mulch on barley (Hordeum vulgare) rainwater use efficiency and production in Northern Ethiopia. Agr. Water Manage., 97: 841–847.
Bertholdsson, N.O. and Brantestam K.A. (2009). A century of Nordic barley breeding - effects on early vigour root and shoot growth, straw length, harvest index and grain weight. Eur. J. Agron. 30: 266–274.
Borghi,E., Costa,N.V., Crusciol,C.A.C. and Mateus,G.P. (2008). Influence of the spatial distribution of maize and Brachiaria brizantha intercropping on the weed population under no-tillage. Planta Daninha., 26 (3): 559–568.
Brar, A.S. and Walia, U.S. (2010). Rice residue position and load with weed control treatment-interferance with growth and development of Phalaris minor and wheat. Indian J. Weed Sci., 42: 163–167.
Chaudhary, S.U., Hussain, M., Ali,M. A. and Iqbal, J. (2008). Effect of weed competition period on yield and yield components of wheat. J. Agric. Res. 46(1): 47–53.
Chhokar, R.S., Sharma, R.K., Chauhan, D.S. and Mongia, A.D. (2006). Evaluation of herbicides against Phalaris minor in wheat in northwestern plains. Weed Res., 46: 40–49.
Chung, I.M., Ahn, J.K. and Yun, S.J. (2001). Identification of allelopathic compounds from rice (Oryza sativa L.) straw and their biological activity. Can. J. Plant Sci., 81(4): 815–819.
El-Shahawy, T.A., El-Rokiek, K.G., F.A. Sharara and Kha-laf, K.A. (2006). New approach to use rice straw waste for weed control. I. Effect of rice straw extract on controlling broad-narrow leave weeds in cucumber (Cucumis sativa L.). Int. J. Agr. Biol., 8: 262–268.
Gomez, K.A. and Gomez, A.A. (1984). Statistical procedures in agricultural research, 2nd Edition. John Wiley & Sons, U.K.
Joshi, A.K., Chand, R., Arun, B., Singh, R.P. and Ortiz, R. (2007). Breeding crops for reduced-tillage management in the intensive, rice-wheat systems of South Asia. Euphytica 153:135–151.
Kasirajan, S. and Ngouajio, M. (2012) Polyethylene and biodegradable mulches for agricultural applications: a review. Agron. Sustain. Dev., 32:501–529.
Kato-Noguchi, H. (2000). Allelopathy in maize II: Allelo-pathic potential of a new benzoxazolinone, 5-chloro-6-methoxy-2-benzoxazolinone and its analogues. Plant Prod. Sci., 3 (1):47–50.
Khan, M.H.N. (2002). Wheat crop yield loss assessment due to weeds. Sarhad J. Agric., 18 (4): 449–453.
Kumar, S., Agarwal, A. and Kumar, P. (2008). Effect of culture methods on weed population and grain yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Vegetos, 21 (1): 61–63.
Lemerle, D., Verbeek, B., Cousens, R.D. and Coombes, N.E. (1996). The potential for selecting wheat varieties strongly competitive against weeds. Weed Res., 36: 505–513.
Sharma, I., Singh, G., Tyagi, B.S. and Sharma, R.K. (2013). Wheat improvement in India-Achievement and future challenges. In: Souvenir of All India wheat and barley research workers’ meet held on Sep 1–4, 2013. pp 8–20.
Sharma, R. (2009). Integrated weed management technolo-gies in wheat (2009). In: Sharma, R.K., Aggarwal,S., Singh, A.M., Sharma, J.B. (eds), Consolidating the productivity grain in wheat-An Outlook, Indian Agri-cultural Research Institute, New Delhi. pp 52–56.
Sharma. R, Agarwal, A. and Kumar, S. (2008). Effect of micronutrients on protein content and productivity of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Vegetos, 21(1): 51–53.
Singh, M., Singh, M.K., Rakshit, A., Prasad, S.K. and Kumar, K. (2014). Herbicides, nitrogen-scheduling and –rates effects on economics of wheat (Triticum aesti-vum L.). Econ. Affairs, 59 (4): 663–667.
Singh, M., Singh, M.K., Singh, S.P. and Sahu, R. (2015). Herbicide and nitrogen application effects on weeds and yield of wheat. Indian J. Weed Sci., 47 (2): 125–130.
Singh, M.K. and Saini, S.S. (2008). Planting date, mulch, and herbicide rate effects on the growth, yield, and physicochemical properties of menthol mint (Mentha arvensis L.). Weed Technol. 22: 691–698.
Singh,S. (2007). Role of management practices on control of isoproturon-resistant littleseed canary grass (Phalaris minor) in India. Weed Technol., 21: 339–346.
Singh, S. and Chhokar, R.S. (2012). Integrated weed man-agement strategies for sustainable wheat production. In: Singh, S.S., Hanchinal, R.R., Singh, G.N., Sharma, R.K., Tyagi, B.S., Saharan, M.S. and Sharma, I. (eds.) Wheat- Productivity enhancement under changing cli-mate. Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi, pp 197–205.
Singh, V., Singh, H. and Raghubanshi, A.S. (2013). Com-petitive interactions of wheat with Phalaris minor or Rumex dentatus: A replacement series study. Int. J. Pest Manage., 59 (4): 245–258.
Swaminathan, M.S. (2013). Genesis and growth of the yield revolution in wheat in India: Lesson for shaping our agricultural destiny. In: Souvenir of All India wheat and barley research workers’ meet held on Sep.1-4. pp 1–7.
Unkovich, M., Baldock, J. and Forbes, M. (2010). Variabil-ity in harvest index of grain crops and potential signifi-cance for carbon accounting: Examples from Australian agriculture. Adv. Agron., 105: 173–219.
Vincent, D. and Quirke, D. (2002). Controlling Phalaris minor in the Indian rice-wheat belt, ACIAR Impact Assessment Series No. 18. pp10.
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How to Cite
Varieties and mulching influence on weed growth in wheat under Indo- Gangetic plain of India. (2016). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 8(2), 515-520. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v8i2.827
