Prevalence of diabetes and other health related problems across India and worldwide: An overview
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Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a major source of mortality and morbidity along with an economic menace all over the world. In 2000, prevalence of diabetes worldwide was 171,000,000 and in 2030, it will be 366,000,000, nearly one in ten people globally will have some form of diabetes by 2035. There are some 382 million people living with the disease, but that could jump 55% by 2035. The total number of people in India with diabetes to be around 50.8 million in 2010, rising to 87.0 million by 2030 and it is estimated that by 2040 the numbers will increase upto 123.5 million. It has estimated that the prevalence of diabetes in rural populations is one-quarter that of urban population for India and other Indian sub-continent countries such as Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, and Sri Lanka. Indian Council of Medical research (ICMR) revealed that a lower proportion of the population is affected in states of Northern India (Chandigarh 0.12 million, Jharkhand 0.96 million) as compared to Maharashtra (9.2 million) and Tamil Nadu (4.8 million). The National Urban Survey conducted across the metropolitan cities of India reported similar trend: 11.7 per cent in Kolkata (Eastern India), 6.1 per cent in Kashmir Valley (Northern India), 11.6 per cent in New Delhi (Northern India), and 9.3 per cent in West India (Mumbai) compared with (13.5 per cent in Chennai (South India), 16.6 per cent in Hyderabad (south India), and 12.4 per cent Bangalore (South India). Strengthening of health promotion activities
in different settings, preventive health screening package, better treatment facilities and effective implementation can cure these problems worldwide.
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Keywords
Diabetes, Insulin, Mortality, Morbidity, Polyuria
References
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Birnbaum, M.J. (2005). Rejoinder: Genetic research into the causes of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Anthropology and Med, 12(6): 129-134.
CDCP (2004). Prevalence of overweight and obesity among adults with diagnosed diabetes—United States, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA 1988–1994 and 1999–2002. MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 53(45): 1066–8.
Chirag, J.P; Bhattacharya, J. and Butte, A.J. (2010). An environment- wide association study (EWAS) on type 2 diabetes mellitus. PLoS ONE, 5(5): 575-582.
Diabetes Atlas (2007). The gloal burden of diabetes. Retrieved June, 2007 from https://www.idf.org/sites/default/files/IDF_Diabetes_Atlas_2ndEd.pdf
Gale, J. (2010). China tops India on World Diabetes Ladder as Boom Spurs Obesity, Bloomberg, Businessweek.
Gikas, A; Sotiropoulos, A; Panagiotakos, D; Pastromas, V; Paraskevopoulou, E; Skliros, E. and Pappas, S. (2007). Rising prevalence of diabetes among Greek adults: Findings from two consecutive surveys in the same target population. Diabetes Res Clin. Pract., 79(2): 325-9.
Gupta, R; Bajpai, K.G; John, S. and Saxena, A.M. (2008). An: overview of Indian novel traditional medicinal plants with antidiabetic potentials. African J Trod. Comp. Alt. Med., 5(1): 1-17.
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Jack, L; Boseman, L. and Vinicor, F. (2004). Aging Americans and diabetes. A public health and clinical response. Geriatrics, 59(4): 14-7.
Kalra, S; Kalra, B. and Sharma, A. (2010). Prevalence of type 1 diabetes mellitus in Karnal district, Haryana state, India. Diabetology and Metabolic Syndrome, 2: 14.
Kokiwar, P.R; Gupta, S. and Durge, P.M. (2007). Prevalence of diabetes in a rural area of central India. 27(1): 8-10.
Knol, M; Twisk, J; Beekman, A; Heine, R; Snoek, F. and Pouwer, F. (2006). Depression as a risk factor for the onset of type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis. Diabetologia, 49: 837-845.
Kumar, B.D; Bhuvaneshwaran, S.P; Kumar, P.V; Mitra, A. and Mahadevappa, M. (2010). A brief description of diabetes in India. J Pharmacy Res, 3(8): 1719-1723.
Lee, C.M; Huxley, R.R; Lam, T.H; Martiniuk, A.L; Ueshema, H; Pan, W.H; Welborn, T. and Woodward, M. (2007). Prevalence of diabetes mellitus and population attributable fractions for coronary heart disease and stroke mortality in the WHO South-East Asia and Western Pacific regions. Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr., 16(1): 187-92.
Lyssenko, V; Jonsson, A. and Almgren, P. (2008). Clinical risk factors, DNA variants, and the development of type 2 diabetes. The New Eng. J. Med., 359 (21): 2220–32.
Mahadevan, R.M. A; Mohan, D; Karunakaran, I. and Viswanathan, M. (2010). Prevalence of sleep abnormalities and their association with metabolic syndrome among Asian Indians: Chennai urban rural epidemiology study (CURES – 67). J. Diabetes Sci. and Tech., 4 (6): 223-229.
Mallikarjun, V.J; Sanjay, K; Sujata, M.J. and Shivaraj, G. (2009). Familial early onset of type-2 diabetes mellitus and its complications. North Am. J. Med. Sci., 1(7): 112-122.
McCarthy, M.I; Feero, W.G. and Guttmacher, A.E. (2010). Genomics, type 2 diabetes, and obesity. The New Eng. J. Med., 363 (24): 2339-50.
Mehta, S.R; Kashyap, A.S. and Das, S. (2009). Diabetes mellitus in India: The modern scourge. Med. J. Armed Forces India, 65(1): 50-54.
Mithal, A. (2010). Two of every three diabetics in Delhi have uncontrolled diabetes: Sanofi study, Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, one of the state coordinators of the sanofi-aventis SITE study in New Delhi. (http://www.dancewithshadows.com/pillscribe/two-of-everythree-diabetics-in-delhi-have-uncontrolled-diabetessanofi-study/).
Mohan, V; Deepa, M; Anjana, R.M; Lanthorn, H. and Deepa, R. (2008). Incidence of diabetes and prediabetes in a selected urban south Indian population (CUPS-19). J. Assoc. Physicians India, 56: 152-7.
Mohan, V. and Pradeepa, R. (2009). Epidemiology of diabetes in different regions of India, Health administrator, 22(1-2): 1-18.
Mooy. J. M; De Vries, H; Grootenhuis, P.A; Bouter, L.M. and Heine, R.J. (2000). Major stressful life events in relation to prevalence of undetected type 2 diabetes. The Hoorn Study. Diabetes Care, 23: 197-201.
Ramachandran, A; Mary, S; Yamuna, A; Murugesan, N. and Snehlatha, C. (2008). High prevalence of diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors associated with urbanization in India. Diabetes Care, 31(5): 893-8.
Rana J; Tricia, Y.Li; Manson, J.E. and Frank, B. Hu. (2007). Adiposity compared with physical inactivity and risk of type 2 diabetes in women. Diabetes Care, 30: 53-58.
Rangadhar, P.B; Dinesh, K. and Analava, M. (2009). Some salient points in type 2 diabetes prevalence in rural Bengal. Ethno. Med., 3(2): 127-131.
Seshiah, V; Balaji, V; Balaji, M.S; Paneerselvam, A; Arthi, T; Thamizharasi, M. and Datta, M. (2008). Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus in South India (Tamil Nadu) – A community based study. J. Assoc. Physicians India, 56: 329-33.
Singh, R. (2009). Prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and risk of hypertension and coronary artery disease in rural and urban population with low rates of obesity. Int. J. Card, 66(1): 65-72.
Shaw, J. E; Sicree, R.A. and Zimmet, P.Z. (2010). Global estimates of the prevalence of diabetes for 2010 and 2030. Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract., 87(1): 4-14.
Shenoy, S; Guglani, R. and Sandhu, J.S. (2010). Effectiveness of an aerobic walking program using heart rate monitor and pedometer on the parameters of diabetes control in Asian Indians with type 2 diabetes. Prim. Care Diabetes, 4(1):41-5.
Sudheer, B; Venkatesh, S; Thilagavathi, J; Kumar, C.K.A. and Naidu, Y.V. (2010). Prevalence of diabetes in Tirupati urban population and the role of risk factors associated with it-A preliminary survey. Int. J. Pharm. Tech. Res., 2(2): 1437-1438.
The Hindu, (2010). Nine per cent prevalence of diabetes in persons above 30 among survey population. TamilNadu Vellore, Retrieved from www.hindu.com/2009/10/17/stories/2009101752360300.html.
Vijayakumar, G; Arun, R. and Kutty, V.R. (2009). High prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and other metabolic disorders in rural central Kerala. J. Assoc. Physicians India, 57: 563-67.
World Health Organization, (2007). Diabetes programme. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/diabetes/facts/worldfigure/en/.
World Health Organization, (2008). World health statistics. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/whosis /whostat /2008 /en/.
World Health Organization, (2009). Fact sheet no. 312: What is Diabetes? Retrieved from http://www.who.int/mediacentre/ factsheets/fs312/en/-.
World Health Organization, (2011). Diabetes. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs312/en/.
Boddulaa, R; Yadava, S; Bhatiaa, V; Genittaa, G; Pandeya, D; Kumara, A; Singha, H.K; Rameshb, V; Julka, S; Bansala, B; Srikanta, K. and Bhatia, E. (2008). High prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in affluent urban Indians. Diabetes Res Clin Pract, 81(2): 4-7.
Birnbaum, M.J. (2005). Rejoinder: Genetic research into the causes of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Anthropology and Med, 12(6): 129-134.
CDCP (2004). Prevalence of overweight and obesity among adults with diagnosed diabetes—United States, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA 1988–1994 and 1999–2002. MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 53(45): 1066–8.
Chirag, J.P; Bhattacharya, J. and Butte, A.J. (2010). An environment- wide association study (EWAS) on type 2 diabetes mellitus. PLoS ONE, 5(5): 575-582.
Diabetes Atlas (2007). The gloal burden of diabetes. Retrieved June, 2007 from https://www.idf.org/sites/default/files/IDF_Diabetes_Atlas_2ndEd.pdf
Gale, J. (2010). China tops India on World Diabetes Ladder as Boom Spurs Obesity, Bloomberg, Businessweek.
Gikas, A; Sotiropoulos, A; Panagiotakos, D; Pastromas, V; Paraskevopoulou, E; Skliros, E. and Pappas, S. (2007). Rising prevalence of diabetes among Greek adults: Findings from two consecutive surveys in the same target population. Diabetes Res Clin. Pract., 79(2): 325-9.
Gupta, R; Bajpai, K.G; John, S. and Saxena, A.M. (2008). An: overview of Indian novel traditional medicinal plants with antidiabetic potentials. African J Trod. Comp. Alt. Med., 5(1): 1-17.
International Diabetes Federation, (2011). IDF Diabetes Atlas, 4th edition Retrieved May, 2011, https://w w w . i d f . o r g / s i t e s / d e f a u l t / f i l e s EN_6E_Atlas_Full_0.pdf.
Indian Heart Association (2015). Cardiac disease among South Asian: A silent epidemic. Retrieved December, 02, 2015 from http://indianheartassociation.org/whyindians-why-south-asians/overview/.
Jack, L; Boseman, L. and Vinicor, F. (2004). Aging Americans and diabetes. A public health and clinical response. Geriatrics, 59(4): 14-7.
Kalra, S; Kalra, B. and Sharma, A. (2010). Prevalence of type 1 diabetes mellitus in Karnal district, Haryana state, India. Diabetology and Metabolic Syndrome, 2: 14.
Kokiwar, P.R; Gupta, S. and Durge, P.M. (2007). Prevalence of diabetes in a rural area of central India. 27(1): 8-10.
Knol, M; Twisk, J; Beekman, A; Heine, R; Snoek, F. and Pouwer, F. (2006). Depression as a risk factor for the onset of type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis. Diabetologia, 49: 837-845.
Kumar, B.D; Bhuvaneshwaran, S.P; Kumar, P.V; Mitra, A. and Mahadevappa, M. (2010). A brief description of diabetes in India. J Pharmacy Res, 3(8): 1719-1723.
Lee, C.M; Huxley, R.R; Lam, T.H; Martiniuk, A.L; Ueshema, H; Pan, W.H; Welborn, T. and Woodward, M. (2007). Prevalence of diabetes mellitus and population attributable fractions for coronary heart disease and stroke mortality in the WHO South-East Asia and Western Pacific regions. Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr., 16(1): 187-92.
Lyssenko, V; Jonsson, A. and Almgren, P. (2008). Clinical risk factors, DNA variants, and the development of type 2 diabetes. The New Eng. J. Med., 359 (21): 2220–32.
Mahadevan, R.M. A; Mohan, D; Karunakaran, I. and Viswanathan, M. (2010). Prevalence of sleep abnormalities and their association with metabolic syndrome among Asian Indians: Chennai urban rural epidemiology study (CURES – 67). J. Diabetes Sci. and Tech., 4 (6): 223-229.
Mallikarjun, V.J; Sanjay, K; Sujata, M.J. and Shivaraj, G. (2009). Familial early onset of type-2 diabetes mellitus and its complications. North Am. J. Med. Sci., 1(7): 112-122.
McCarthy, M.I; Feero, W.G. and Guttmacher, A.E. (2010). Genomics, type 2 diabetes, and obesity. The New Eng. J. Med., 363 (24): 2339-50.
Mehta, S.R; Kashyap, A.S. and Das, S. (2009). Diabetes mellitus in India: The modern scourge. Med. J. Armed Forces India, 65(1): 50-54.
Mithal, A. (2010). Two of every three diabetics in Delhi have uncontrolled diabetes: Sanofi study, Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, one of the state coordinators of the sanofi-aventis SITE study in New Delhi. (http://www.dancewithshadows.com/pillscribe/two-of-everythree-diabetics-in-delhi-have-uncontrolled-diabetessanofi-study/).
Mohan, V; Deepa, M; Anjana, R.M; Lanthorn, H. and Deepa, R. (2008). Incidence of diabetes and prediabetes in a selected urban south Indian population (CUPS-19). J. Assoc. Physicians India, 56: 152-7.
Mohan, V. and Pradeepa, R. (2009). Epidemiology of diabetes in different regions of India, Health administrator, 22(1-2): 1-18.
Mooy. J. M; De Vries, H; Grootenhuis, P.A; Bouter, L.M. and Heine, R.J. (2000). Major stressful life events in relation to prevalence of undetected type 2 diabetes. The Hoorn Study. Diabetes Care, 23: 197-201.
Ramachandran, A; Mary, S; Yamuna, A; Murugesan, N. and Snehlatha, C. (2008). High prevalence of diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors associated with urbanization in India. Diabetes Care, 31(5): 893-8.
Rana J; Tricia, Y.Li; Manson, J.E. and Frank, B. Hu. (2007). Adiposity compared with physical inactivity and risk of type 2 diabetes in women. Diabetes Care, 30: 53-58.
Rangadhar, P.B; Dinesh, K. and Analava, M. (2009). Some salient points in type 2 diabetes prevalence in rural Bengal. Ethno. Med., 3(2): 127-131.
Seshiah, V; Balaji, V; Balaji, M.S; Paneerselvam, A; Arthi, T; Thamizharasi, M. and Datta, M. (2008). Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus in South India (Tamil Nadu) – A community based study. J. Assoc. Physicians India, 56: 329-33.
Singh, R. (2009). Prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and risk of hypertension and coronary artery disease in rural and urban population with low rates of obesity. Int. J. Card, 66(1): 65-72.
Shaw, J. E; Sicree, R.A. and Zimmet, P.Z. (2010). Global estimates of the prevalence of diabetes for 2010 and 2030. Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract., 87(1): 4-14.
Shenoy, S; Guglani, R. and Sandhu, J.S. (2010). Effectiveness of an aerobic walking program using heart rate monitor and pedometer on the parameters of diabetes control in Asian Indians with type 2 diabetes. Prim. Care Diabetes, 4(1):41-5.
Sudheer, B; Venkatesh, S; Thilagavathi, J; Kumar, C.K.A. and Naidu, Y.V. (2010). Prevalence of diabetes in Tirupati urban population and the role of risk factors associated with it-A preliminary survey. Int. J. Pharm. Tech. Res., 2(2): 1437-1438.
The Hindu, (2010). Nine per cent prevalence of diabetes in persons above 30 among survey population. TamilNadu Vellore, Retrieved from www.hindu.com/2009/10/17/stories/2009101752360300.html.
Vijayakumar, G; Arun, R. and Kutty, V.R. (2009). High prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and other metabolic disorders in rural central Kerala. J. Assoc. Physicians India, 57: 563-67.
World Health Organization, (2007). Diabetes programme. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/diabetes/facts/worldfigure/en/.
World Health Organization, (2008). World health statistics. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/whosis /whostat /2008 /en/.
World Health Organization, (2009). Fact sheet no. 312: What is Diabetes? Retrieved from http://www.who.int/mediacentre/ factsheets/fs312/en/-.
World Health Organization, (2011). Diabetes. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs312/en/.
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Prevalence of diabetes and other health related problems across India and worldwide: An overview. (2016). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 8(1), 500-505. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v8i1.825
