Effect of phytohormones on shoot apex and leaf explants of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha)
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Abstract
An efficient protocol for callus induction of Withania somnifera through in vitro culture of shoot apex and leaf explant was standardized. Of the various combinations of phytohormones evaluated, MS media supplemented with 6-furfuryl aminopurine (KIN) 0.5 mg/l + 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2, 4-D) 2.0 mg/l was found to be best
for mean callus induction (86%) in leaf explants after 6 weeks of culture and in case of shoot apex expant the best response and growth of callusing was observed on MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D 1.0 mg/l + BAP 2.0 mg/l (77%).The response of callus growth increases gradually with the reductions in concentration of KIN in culture
medium of both the explants. This protocol might be used in further research for mass propagation of W. somnifera via indirect regeneration methods.
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Keywords
Callus induction, Leaf and shoot apex explants, Withania somnifera explant
References
Adhikari, S R and Pant, Bijaya (2013).Induction and prolif-eration of in vitro mass of callus of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal. Research in Plant Sciences.1 (3):58-61.
Arumugam, A. And Gopinath,K.(2011). Micro propagation and tissue culture of the endangered medicinal plant Withania somnifera by the direct shoot and root initiation method. International Journal of Applied Biology and Phermaceutical Technology. 2(3):315-321.
Gibson, D. M., Ketchum, R. E. B., Hirasuna, T. J., Shuler, M. L.( 1995). Potential of plant cell culture for Taxol production.” Science and Applications.
Hina, T., Ali, S., Asi, M.R.(2012).Appraisal of an important Flavonoid, Quercetin, in callus cultures of Citrullus colocynthis.” International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 14(4). 528-532.
Kavidra, N.T., Neelesh, C.S., Vaibhav, T. and Brahma, D. (2000). Micropropagation of Centella asiatica (L.) a valuable medicinal herb. Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult., 62:175-179.
Kulkarni, A.A; Thengane, SR and Krishnamurthy, KV.(2000). Direct shoot regeneration from node, internode, hypocotyls and embryo explants of Withania somnifera. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture. 62: 203-209.
NRIF (2004). Pliot study on “Mechanism for sustainable development and promotion of Herbal and Medicinal plants (H&MP) in the state of Uttaranchal (India). Report forwarded to SER Division, Planning commission, India by Natural Resources India Foundation, New Delhi, 205.
Patel, P. and Krishnamurthy, R.(2013). Feasibility studies on in vitro mass-scale propagation of Indian Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) cultivars for commercial purpose. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 2(2):168-174.
Pierik, R. L. M. (1987) “In-vitro culture of higher plants” Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands
Rani, A., Kumar, M. and Kumar S.(2014). In vitro propagation of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal. from shoot apex explants. Journal of Applied and Natural Science 6 (1): 159-163
Rani, A., Kumar,M. and Kumar S.(2015)a. Conservation of endangered medicinal plants through plant tissue culture. Conservation And cultivation of medicinal plants Tilak was an.Discovery publishing house pvt. Ltd. ISBN No: 978-93-5056-740-1: 67-95.
Rani, A., Kumar,M. and Kumar S.(2015)b. Ashwagandha-a miracle medicinal crop. Medicinal plant (distribution, utilization and significance). Tilak was an.Discovery publishing house pvt. Ltd. ISBN no: 978-93-5056-734-0: 174-197.
Rani, G.and Grover, I.S.(1999).In vitro callus induction and regeneration studies in Withania somnifera. Plant Cell Tiss Org Cult .57: 23-27.
Rani G, Virk G. S. and Nagpal A (2003) Callus induction and plantlet regeneration in Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal. In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. Plant 39: 468-474
Rout, Ranjan Jyoti ., Sahoo, Santi lata and Das, Ritarani.(2011). An attempt to conserve Withania somnifera (l.) Dunal - a highly essential medicinal plant, through in vitro callus culture. Pak. J. Bot, 43(4): 1837-1842.
Rajeswara Rao BR., Rajput DK., Nagaraju G. and Adinarayana G.(2012).Opportunities and challenges in the cultivation of Ashwagandha {Withania somnifera (l.) Dunal}Journal of pharmacognosy .3(2):88-91.
Schielder, O. (1985). Possibilities of plant cell culture for the improvement of medicinal plants. Pharm. Ztg. 130(37): 2309-2310.
Sharma, P. K., Singh, G., Dudhe, R. and Singh, S.(2010).Biological activities of Withania somnifera. Anul of Bio Research 1 (3). 56-63.
Shanmugaratnam Suvanthini, Mikunthan Gunasingham and Thurairatnam Shyama. (2013).Potential of Withania somnifera Dunal Cultivation as a Medicinal Crop in Jaffna District. American-Eurasian J. Agric. & Environ. Sci.13 (3): 357-361.
Supe, U., Dhote, F. and Roymon, M.G. (2006). In vitro Plant Regeneration of Withania somnifera. Plant Tiss. Cult. Biotech, 16:111-115.
Udayakumar R; Choi C W; Kim K T; Kim SC; Kasthuriren-gan S;Mariashibu TS; Sahaya Rayan JJ and Ganapathi A.(2013). In vitro plant regeneration from epicotyl explant of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal.Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 7(1): 43-52.
Vadawale, AV; Bhatt PA and Dave, AM. 2004.Rapid propa-gation of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) through axillary bud multiplication and indirect organogenesis. Phytomorphology. 54(1&2) : 59-64.
Waman, A.A., U. Konana, S.B. Narayanappa, A. Tholakala-bavi and B. Gowda, 2011. Callus Culture and Plant Regeneration from Seedling Explants in ‘Poshita’ Indian Ginseng. Horticulture &Environment Biotechnology.52(1): 83-88.
Arumugam, A. And Gopinath,K.(2011). Micro propagation and tissue culture of the endangered medicinal plant Withania somnifera by the direct shoot and root initiation method. International Journal of Applied Biology and Phermaceutical Technology. 2(3):315-321.
Gibson, D. M., Ketchum, R. E. B., Hirasuna, T. J., Shuler, M. L.( 1995). Potential of plant cell culture for Taxol production.” Science and Applications.
Hina, T., Ali, S., Asi, M.R.(2012).Appraisal of an important Flavonoid, Quercetin, in callus cultures of Citrullus colocynthis.” International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 14(4). 528-532.
Kavidra, N.T., Neelesh, C.S., Vaibhav, T. and Brahma, D. (2000). Micropropagation of Centella asiatica (L.) a valuable medicinal herb. Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult., 62:175-179.
Kulkarni, A.A; Thengane, SR and Krishnamurthy, KV.(2000). Direct shoot regeneration from node, internode, hypocotyls and embryo explants of Withania somnifera. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture. 62: 203-209.
NRIF (2004). Pliot study on “Mechanism for sustainable development and promotion of Herbal and Medicinal plants (H&MP) in the state of Uttaranchal (India). Report forwarded to SER Division, Planning commission, India by Natural Resources India Foundation, New Delhi, 205.
Patel, P. and Krishnamurthy, R.(2013). Feasibility studies on in vitro mass-scale propagation of Indian Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) cultivars for commercial purpose. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 2(2):168-174.
Pierik, R. L. M. (1987) “In-vitro culture of higher plants” Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands
Rani, A., Kumar, M. and Kumar S.(2014). In vitro propagation of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal. from shoot apex explants. Journal of Applied and Natural Science 6 (1): 159-163
Rani, A., Kumar,M. and Kumar S.(2015)a. Conservation of endangered medicinal plants through plant tissue culture. Conservation And cultivation of medicinal plants Tilak was an.Discovery publishing house pvt. Ltd. ISBN No: 978-93-5056-740-1: 67-95.
Rani, A., Kumar,M. and Kumar S.(2015)b. Ashwagandha-a miracle medicinal crop. Medicinal plant (distribution, utilization and significance). Tilak was an.Discovery publishing house pvt. Ltd. ISBN no: 978-93-5056-734-0: 174-197.
Rani, G.and Grover, I.S.(1999).In vitro callus induction and regeneration studies in Withania somnifera. Plant Cell Tiss Org Cult .57: 23-27.
Rani G, Virk G. S. and Nagpal A (2003) Callus induction and plantlet regeneration in Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal. In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. Plant 39: 468-474
Rout, Ranjan Jyoti ., Sahoo, Santi lata and Das, Ritarani.(2011). An attempt to conserve Withania somnifera (l.) Dunal - a highly essential medicinal plant, through in vitro callus culture. Pak. J. Bot, 43(4): 1837-1842.
Rajeswara Rao BR., Rajput DK., Nagaraju G. and Adinarayana G.(2012).Opportunities and challenges in the cultivation of Ashwagandha {Withania somnifera (l.) Dunal}Journal of pharmacognosy .3(2):88-91.
Schielder, O. (1985). Possibilities of plant cell culture for the improvement of medicinal plants. Pharm. Ztg. 130(37): 2309-2310.
Sharma, P. K., Singh, G., Dudhe, R. and Singh, S.(2010).Biological activities of Withania somnifera. Anul of Bio Research 1 (3). 56-63.
Shanmugaratnam Suvanthini, Mikunthan Gunasingham and Thurairatnam Shyama. (2013).Potential of Withania somnifera Dunal Cultivation as a Medicinal Crop in Jaffna District. American-Eurasian J. Agric. & Environ. Sci.13 (3): 357-361.
Supe, U., Dhote, F. and Roymon, M.G. (2006). In vitro Plant Regeneration of Withania somnifera. Plant Tiss. Cult. Biotech, 16:111-115.
Udayakumar R; Choi C W; Kim K T; Kim SC; Kasthuriren-gan S;Mariashibu TS; Sahaya Rayan JJ and Ganapathi A.(2013). In vitro plant regeneration from epicotyl explant of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal.Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 7(1): 43-52.
Vadawale, AV; Bhatt PA and Dave, AM. 2004.Rapid propa-gation of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) through axillary bud multiplication and indirect organogenesis. Phytomorphology. 54(1&2) : 59-64.
Waman, A.A., U. Konana, S.B. Narayanappa, A. Tholakala-bavi and B. Gowda, 2011. Callus Culture and Plant Regeneration from Seedling Explants in ‘Poshita’ Indian Ginseng. Horticulture &Environment Biotechnology.52(1): 83-88.
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How to Cite
Effect of phytohormones on shoot apex and leaf explants of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha). (2016). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 8(1), 412-415. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v8i1.808
