Assessment of Penicillium bilaii inoculation in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) for improving growth, yield and phosphorus availability in Mollisols of India
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
Abstract
A field experiment was carried out with an aim to study the influence of two strains of Penicillium bilaii (PB -201 and PB-208) inoculation along with superphosphate application on growth, yield and P uptake of wheat (cv. PBW-343) and, also to examine the inoculation effect on P availability, forms of P and soil properties in Mollisols of Uttarakhand, India. The results showed that both strains of P. bilaii effectively solubilized tri-calcium phosphate in Pikovskaya agar medium, which was much higher over native fungal isolates. Wheat seed inoculation with P. bilaii strains along with superphosphate levels significantly influenced shoot height, shoot dry weight, number of total and effective tillers, yield attributes, yield components, tissue content and uptake of P. The treatment T7 (P. bilaii, strain PB-208 + 50% P) has resulted into the highest amount of shoot height (87.9 cm at 90 DAS), shoot dry weight (1.5 and 3.8 g at 60 and 90 DAS, respectively), grain (66.8 q ha-1) and straw yield (42.7 q ha-1) and P uptake (26.5 kg ha-1). The Olsen-P, organic carbon, dehydrogenase activity and fungal populations also increased in soil inoculated with P. bilaii strains combined with superphosphate application compared to the control soil. The conjoint use of the fungal strains with or, without P fertilization has developed an antagonistic interaction that has caused decline in yield, tissue content and uptake of P and its availability in soil. In conclusion, it is possible to reduce the rate of soluble P-fertilizer added by 50% without reducing yield, if wheat is inoculated with P-solubilizing fungi like P. bilaii.
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
Keywords
Mollisols, Penicillium bilaii, Phosphorus, P-solubilizing fungi, Wheat
References
Brady, N.C. and Weil, R.R. (2008). The Nature and Properties of Soils. Prentice Hall, New Delhi.
Cunningham, J.E. and Kuiack, C. (1992). Production of citric and oxalic acids and solubilization of calcium phosphate by Penicillium bilaji. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 58: 1451–1458.
Debnath, S., Patra, A.K., Ahmed, N., Kumar, S. and Dwivedi, B.S. (2015). Assessment of microbial biomass and enzyme activities in soil under temperate fruit crops in north western himalayan region. J. Soil Sci. Plant N u t r i . h t t p : / / d x . d o i . o r g / 1 0 . 4 0 6 7 / S 0 7 1 8 -95162015005000059.
Dodd, I.C. and Ruiz-Lozano, J.M. (2012). Microbial enhancement of crop resource use efficiency. Curr. Opinion Biotech. 23: 236–242.
Gadagi, R.S., Shin, W.S. and Sa, T.M. (2007). Malic acid mediated aluminum phosphate solubilization by Penicillium oxalicum CBPS-3F-Tsa isolated from Korean paddy rhizosphere soil. Dev. Plant Soil Sci. 102: 285–290.
Gomez, K.A. and Gomez, A.A. (1984). Statistical Procedure for Agricultural Research. John Wiley and Sons, New York.
Gulden, R.H. and Vessey, J.K. (2000). Penicillium bilaii inoculation increases root-hair production in field pea. Can. J. Plant Sci. 80: 801–804.
Havlin, J.L., Beaton, J.D., Tisdale, S.L. and Nelson, W.L. (2009). Soil Fertility and Fertilizers- An Introduction to Nutrient Management. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi.
Jackson, M.L. (1973). Soil Chemical Analysis. Prentice Hall, New Delhi.
Khan, M.S., Zaidi, A. and Wani, P.A. (2007). Role of phosphate- solubilizing microorganisms in sustainable agriculture – a review. Agron. Sustain. Dev. 27: 29–43.
Khan, K.S. and Joergensen, R.G. (2009). Changes in microbial biomass and P fractions in biogenic household waste compost amended with inorganic P fertilizers. Biores. Tech. 100: 303–309.
Kucey, R.M.N. (1988). Effect of Penicillium bilaji on the solubility and uptake of P and micronutrients from soil by wheat. Can. J. Soil Sci. 68: 261–270.
Kucey, R.M.N., Janzen, H.H. and Legget, M.E. (1989). Microbial mediated increase in plant available phosphorus. Adv. Agron. 42: 199–228.
Mehrvarz, S., Chaichi, M.R. and Alikhani, H.A. (2008). Effects of phosphate solubilizing microorganisms and phosphorus chemical fertilizer on yield and yield components of barely (Hordeum vulgare L.). Am-Euras. J. Agric. Environ. Sci. 3: 822–828.
Nguyen, C. (2003). Rhizodeposition of organic C by plants: mechanism and controls. Agron. 23: 375–396.
Olsen, S.R., Cole, C., Watanbe, F.S. and Dean, L.A. (1954). Estimation of available phosphorus in soils by extraction with sodium bicarbonate. Circular 939, U.S. Dept. Agric., Washington (DC), pp 939.
Owen, D., Williams, A.P., Griffith, G.W. and Withers, P.J.A. (2014). Use of commercial bio-inoculants to increase agricultural production through improved phosphorus acquisition. Appl. Soil Ecol. 86: 41–54.
Patil, P.M., Kuligod, V.B., Hebsur, N.S., Patil, C.R. and Kulkarni, G.N. (2012). Effect of phosphate solubilizing fungi and phosphorus levels on growth, yield and nutrient content in maize (Zea mays). Karnataka J. Agric. Sci. 25: 58–62.
Piper, C.S. (1967). Soil and Plant Analysis. Asia Publishing House, Bombay.
Ramezanpour, M.R., Popov, Y., Khavazi, K. and Rahmani, H.A. (2010). Genetic diversity and efficiency of indole acetic acid production by the isolates of fluorescent Pseudomonas from rhizosphere of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Am-Euras. J. Agric. Environ. Sci. 7: 103–109.
Relwani, L., Krishna, P. and Reddy, M.S. (2008). Effect of carbon and nitrogen sources on phosphate solubilization by a wild-type strain and UV-induced mutants of Aspergillus tubingensis. Curr. Microbiol. 57: 401–406.
Reyes, I., Bernier, L. and Antoun, H. (2002). Rock phosphate solubilization and colonization of maize rhizosphere by wild and genetically modified strains of Penicillium rugulosum. Microb. Ecol. 44: 39–48.
Reyes, I., Valery, A. and Valduz, Z. (2006). Phosphatesolubilizing microorganisms isolated from rhizospheric and bulk soils of colonizer plants at an abandoned rock phosphate mine. Plant Soil. 287: 69–75.
Rodriguez, H., Gonzalez, T., Goire, I. and Bashan, Y. (2004). Gluconic acid production and phosphate solubilization by the plant growth-promoting bacterium Azospirillum spp. Naturewissenschaften. 91: 552–555.
Saber, W.I.A., Ghanem, K.M. and El-Hersh, M.S. (2009). Rock phosphate solubilization by two isolates of Aspergillius niger and Penicillium sp. and their promotion to mung bean plants. Res. J. Microbiol. 4: 235–250.
Seshadri, S., Muthukumarasamy, R. and Lakshminarasimhan, C. (2000). Solubilization of inorganic phosphates by Azospirillium halopraeferans. Curr. Sci. 79: 565–567.
Singh, H. and Reddy, M.S. (2011). Effect of inoculation with phosphate solubilizing fungus on growth and nutrient uptake of wheat and maize plants fertilized with rock phosphate in alkaline soils. Europ. J. Soil Biol. 47: 30–34.
Subba Rao, N.S. (1986). Advances in Agricultural Microbiology. Oxford and IBH Publications Company, India.
Subbiah, B.V. and Asija, G.L. (1956). A rapid procedure for the determination of available nitrogen in soils. Curr. Sci. 25: 259–260.
Sundara Rao, W.V.B. and Sinha, M.K. (1963). Phosphate dissolving microorganisms in the soil and rhizosphere. Indian J. Agric. Sci. 33: 272–278.
Tabatabai, M.A. (1982). Soil enzymes. Methods of Soil analysis. Part 2. Chemical and Biochemical properties. Agronomy Monograph No. 9. ASA and SSSA. Madison, Wisconsin, pp 903–947.
Tarafdar, J.C. and Rao, A.V. (1996). Contribution of Aspergillus strains to acquisition of phosphorus by wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and chick pea (Cicer arietinum L.) grown in a loamy sand soil. Appl. Soil Ecol. 3: 109–114.
Wahid, O.A. and Mehana, T.A. (2000). Impact of phosphate solubilizing fungi on the yield and phosphorus uptake by wheat and faba bean plants. Microbiol. Res. 155: 221–227.
Wakelin, S.A., Warren, R.A., Harvey, P.R. and Ryder, M.H. (2004). Phosphate solubilization by Penicillium spp. closely associated with wheat roots. Biol. Fert. Soil. 40: 36–43.
Wakelin, S.A., Gupta, V.V.S.R., Harvey, P.R. and Ryder, M.H. (2007). The effect of Penicillium fungi on plant growth and phosphorus mobilization in neutral to alkaline soils from southern Australia. Can. J. Microbiol. 53: 106–115.
Walker, T.W. and Adams, A.F.R. (1958). Studies on soil organic matter: I. Influence of phosphorus content of parent materials on accumulation of carbon, nitrogen, sulfur and organic phosphorus in grassland soils. Soil Sci. 85: 307–318.
Walkley, A.H. and Black, I.A. (1934). Estimation of soil organic carbon by the chromic acid titration methods. Soil Sci. 37: 29–38.
Whitelaw, M.A. (2000). Growth promotion of plants inoculated with phosphate-solubilizing fungi. Adv. Agron. 69: 99–151.
Xiao, C.Q., Chi, R.A., Huang, X.H., Zhang, W.X. et al. (2008). Optimization for RP solubilization by phosphate-solubilizing fungi isolated from phosphate mines. Ecol. Eng. 33: 187–193.
Zaidi, A. and Khan, M.S. (2007). Stimulatory effects of dual inoculation with phosphate solubilizing microorganisms and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus on chickpea. Aus. J. Experim. Agric. 47: 1016–1022.
Cunningham, J.E. and Kuiack, C. (1992). Production of citric and oxalic acids and solubilization of calcium phosphate by Penicillium bilaji. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 58: 1451–1458.
Debnath, S., Patra, A.K., Ahmed, N., Kumar, S. and Dwivedi, B.S. (2015). Assessment of microbial biomass and enzyme activities in soil under temperate fruit crops in north western himalayan region. J. Soil Sci. Plant N u t r i . h t t p : / / d x . d o i . o r g / 1 0 . 4 0 6 7 / S 0 7 1 8 -95162015005000059.
Dodd, I.C. and Ruiz-Lozano, J.M. (2012). Microbial enhancement of crop resource use efficiency. Curr. Opinion Biotech. 23: 236–242.
Gadagi, R.S., Shin, W.S. and Sa, T.M. (2007). Malic acid mediated aluminum phosphate solubilization by Penicillium oxalicum CBPS-3F-Tsa isolated from Korean paddy rhizosphere soil. Dev. Plant Soil Sci. 102: 285–290.
Gomez, K.A. and Gomez, A.A. (1984). Statistical Procedure for Agricultural Research. John Wiley and Sons, New York.
Gulden, R.H. and Vessey, J.K. (2000). Penicillium bilaii inoculation increases root-hair production in field pea. Can. J. Plant Sci. 80: 801–804.
Havlin, J.L., Beaton, J.D., Tisdale, S.L. and Nelson, W.L. (2009). Soil Fertility and Fertilizers- An Introduction to Nutrient Management. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi.
Jackson, M.L. (1973). Soil Chemical Analysis. Prentice Hall, New Delhi.
Khan, M.S., Zaidi, A. and Wani, P.A. (2007). Role of phosphate- solubilizing microorganisms in sustainable agriculture – a review. Agron. Sustain. Dev. 27: 29–43.
Khan, K.S. and Joergensen, R.G. (2009). Changes in microbial biomass and P fractions in biogenic household waste compost amended with inorganic P fertilizers. Biores. Tech. 100: 303–309.
Kucey, R.M.N. (1988). Effect of Penicillium bilaji on the solubility and uptake of P and micronutrients from soil by wheat. Can. J. Soil Sci. 68: 261–270.
Kucey, R.M.N., Janzen, H.H. and Legget, M.E. (1989). Microbial mediated increase in plant available phosphorus. Adv. Agron. 42: 199–228.
Mehrvarz, S., Chaichi, M.R. and Alikhani, H.A. (2008). Effects of phosphate solubilizing microorganisms and phosphorus chemical fertilizer on yield and yield components of barely (Hordeum vulgare L.). Am-Euras. J. Agric. Environ. Sci. 3: 822–828.
Nguyen, C. (2003). Rhizodeposition of organic C by plants: mechanism and controls. Agron. 23: 375–396.
Olsen, S.R., Cole, C., Watanbe, F.S. and Dean, L.A. (1954). Estimation of available phosphorus in soils by extraction with sodium bicarbonate. Circular 939, U.S. Dept. Agric., Washington (DC), pp 939.
Owen, D., Williams, A.P., Griffith, G.W. and Withers, P.J.A. (2014). Use of commercial bio-inoculants to increase agricultural production through improved phosphorus acquisition. Appl. Soil Ecol. 86: 41–54.
Patil, P.M., Kuligod, V.B., Hebsur, N.S., Patil, C.R. and Kulkarni, G.N. (2012). Effect of phosphate solubilizing fungi and phosphorus levels on growth, yield and nutrient content in maize (Zea mays). Karnataka J. Agric. Sci. 25: 58–62.
Piper, C.S. (1967). Soil and Plant Analysis. Asia Publishing House, Bombay.
Ramezanpour, M.R., Popov, Y., Khavazi, K. and Rahmani, H.A. (2010). Genetic diversity and efficiency of indole acetic acid production by the isolates of fluorescent Pseudomonas from rhizosphere of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Am-Euras. J. Agric. Environ. Sci. 7: 103–109.
Relwani, L., Krishna, P. and Reddy, M.S. (2008). Effect of carbon and nitrogen sources on phosphate solubilization by a wild-type strain and UV-induced mutants of Aspergillus tubingensis. Curr. Microbiol. 57: 401–406.
Reyes, I., Bernier, L. and Antoun, H. (2002). Rock phosphate solubilization and colonization of maize rhizosphere by wild and genetically modified strains of Penicillium rugulosum. Microb. Ecol. 44: 39–48.
Reyes, I., Valery, A. and Valduz, Z. (2006). Phosphatesolubilizing microorganisms isolated from rhizospheric and bulk soils of colonizer plants at an abandoned rock phosphate mine. Plant Soil. 287: 69–75.
Rodriguez, H., Gonzalez, T., Goire, I. and Bashan, Y. (2004). Gluconic acid production and phosphate solubilization by the plant growth-promoting bacterium Azospirillum spp. Naturewissenschaften. 91: 552–555.
Saber, W.I.A., Ghanem, K.M. and El-Hersh, M.S. (2009). Rock phosphate solubilization by two isolates of Aspergillius niger and Penicillium sp. and their promotion to mung bean plants. Res. J. Microbiol. 4: 235–250.
Seshadri, S., Muthukumarasamy, R. and Lakshminarasimhan, C. (2000). Solubilization of inorganic phosphates by Azospirillium halopraeferans. Curr. Sci. 79: 565–567.
Singh, H. and Reddy, M.S. (2011). Effect of inoculation with phosphate solubilizing fungus on growth and nutrient uptake of wheat and maize plants fertilized with rock phosphate in alkaline soils. Europ. J. Soil Biol. 47: 30–34.
Subba Rao, N.S. (1986). Advances in Agricultural Microbiology. Oxford and IBH Publications Company, India.
Subbiah, B.V. and Asija, G.L. (1956). A rapid procedure for the determination of available nitrogen in soils. Curr. Sci. 25: 259–260.
Sundara Rao, W.V.B. and Sinha, M.K. (1963). Phosphate dissolving microorganisms in the soil and rhizosphere. Indian J. Agric. Sci. 33: 272–278.
Tabatabai, M.A. (1982). Soil enzymes. Methods of Soil analysis. Part 2. Chemical and Biochemical properties. Agronomy Monograph No. 9. ASA and SSSA. Madison, Wisconsin, pp 903–947.
Tarafdar, J.C. and Rao, A.V. (1996). Contribution of Aspergillus strains to acquisition of phosphorus by wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and chick pea (Cicer arietinum L.) grown in a loamy sand soil. Appl. Soil Ecol. 3: 109–114.
Wahid, O.A. and Mehana, T.A. (2000). Impact of phosphate solubilizing fungi on the yield and phosphorus uptake by wheat and faba bean plants. Microbiol. Res. 155: 221–227.
Wakelin, S.A., Warren, R.A., Harvey, P.R. and Ryder, M.H. (2004). Phosphate solubilization by Penicillium spp. closely associated with wheat roots. Biol. Fert. Soil. 40: 36–43.
Wakelin, S.A., Gupta, V.V.S.R., Harvey, P.R. and Ryder, M.H. (2007). The effect of Penicillium fungi on plant growth and phosphorus mobilization in neutral to alkaline soils from southern Australia. Can. J. Microbiol. 53: 106–115.
Walker, T.W. and Adams, A.F.R. (1958). Studies on soil organic matter: I. Influence of phosphorus content of parent materials on accumulation of carbon, nitrogen, sulfur and organic phosphorus in grassland soils. Soil Sci. 85: 307–318.
Walkley, A.H. and Black, I.A. (1934). Estimation of soil organic carbon by the chromic acid titration methods. Soil Sci. 37: 29–38.
Whitelaw, M.A. (2000). Growth promotion of plants inoculated with phosphate-solubilizing fungi. Adv. Agron. 69: 99–151.
Xiao, C.Q., Chi, R.A., Huang, X.H., Zhang, W.X. et al. (2008). Optimization for RP solubilization by phosphate-solubilizing fungi isolated from phosphate mines. Ecol. Eng. 33: 187–193.
Zaidi, A. and Khan, M.S. (2007). Stimulatory effects of dual inoculation with phosphate solubilizing microorganisms and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus on chickpea. Aus. J. Experim. Agric. 47: 1016–1022.
Issue
Section
Research Articles
This work is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) © Author (s)
How to Cite
Assessment of Penicillium bilaii inoculation in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) for improving growth, yield and phosphorus availability in Mollisols of India. (2016). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 8(1), 358-367. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v8i1.800
