Seed bio-priming with organic manure a strategy to enhance seed quality and storability in chilli CV. PKM 1
Article Main
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of seed biopriming and organic nutrient sources on the storability and quality of resultant seeds in chilli cv. PKM1. Seeds were bioprimed with liquid Azospirillum at 15% for 6 hours and grown with different nutrient sources, including recommended dose of fertilizer, 100% vermicompost, and 100% poultry manure. Harvested seeds were evaluated for germination, root length, shoot length, vigour index, dry matter production, electrical conductivity, protein content, and microtome imaging under storage conditions. Seeds produced with 100% vermicompost exhibited superior performance, with germination up to 88%, compared to 86% in poultry manure treatment when stored in polythene bags. After six months of storage, these seeds recorded maximum root length (11.37 cm), shoot length (7.22 cm), dry matter production (0.214 g), and vigour index (1636). Improved membrane integrity and biochemical traits were also observed. The study demonstrates that biopriming with Azospirillum (15% for 6 h) combined with 100% vermicompost significantly enhances seed quality and longevity. This provides a cost-effective, sustainable strategy for improving storability and performance of chilli seeds.
Article Details
Article Details
Keywords
Bio-Priming, Histological , Organic Manure, Physiological, Resultant Seed Storage
References
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Amir, R., Cohen, H. & Hacham, Y. (2019). Revisiting the attempts to fortify methionine content in plant seeds. Journal of Experimental Botany, 70(16), 4105–4114. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erz267
Bello, M. A., Ruiz-León, Y., Sandoval-Sierra, J. V., Rezinciuc, S. & Diéguez-Uribeondo, J. (2017). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) protocols for problematic plant, oomycete, and fungal samples. Journal of Visualized Experiments, 120, 55031. https://doi.org/10.3791/55031
Bhattacharya, S., Debnath, S., Debnath, S. & Saha, A. K. (2019). Effects of vermicompost and urea on the seed germination and growth parameters of Vigna mungo L. and Vigna radiata L. Wilczek. Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 11(2), 321–326. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v11i2.2056
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Ghimire, S., Chhetri, B. P. & Shrestha, J. (2023). Efficacy of different organic and inorganic nutrient sources on the growth and yield of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.). Heliyon, 9(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e12856
Jaybhaye, M. M. & Bhalerao, S. A. (2015). Influence of vermiwash on germination and growth parameters of seedlings of green gram (Vigna radiata L.) and black gram (Vigna mungo L.). International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 4(9), 635–643.
Kakar, K., Xuan, T. D., Noori, Z., Aryan, S. & Gulab, G. (2020). Effects of organic and inorganic fertilizer application on growth, yield, and grain quality of rice. Agriculture, 10(11), 544. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10110544
Kaya, A. R. & Coskun, N. (2020). Effect of organic fertilizer forms and doses on seed germination and seedling development of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 18(5), 6813–6828. https://doi.org/10.15666/aeer/1805_68136828
Lappay, A. L. (2020). Productivity and seed quality of mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) grown with organic and chemical fertilizer sources (Graduate thesis). University of the Philippines Los Baños.
Lucarini, M., Di Cocco, M. E., Raguso, V., Milanetti, F., Durazzo, A., Lombardi-Boccia, G., Santini, A., Delfini, M. & Sciubba, F. (2020). NMR-based metabolomic comparison of Brassica oleracea (var. italica): Organic and conventional farming. Foods, 9(7), 945. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9070945
Maqbool, A., Ali, S., Rizwan, M., Arif, M. S., Yasmeen, T., Riaz, M., Hussain, A., Noreen, S., Abdel-Daim, M. M. & Alkahtani, S. (2020). N-fertilizer (urea) enhances the phytoextraction of cadmium through Solanum nigrum L. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(11), 3850. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17113850
Mitra, D., Mondal, R., Khoshru, B., Shadangi, S., Mohapatra, P. K. & Panneerselvam, P. (2021). Rhizobacteria-mediated seed bio-priming triggers resistance and plant growth for sustainable crop production. Current Research in Microbial Sciences, 2, 100071. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crmicr.2021.100071
Mollah, M. R., Ali, M. A., Ahmad, M., Hassan, M. K. & Prodhan, M. Z. (2015). Effect of organic manures on the yield and quality of true seeds of onion. International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, 3(2), 162–166.
Montgomery, D. R. & Bikle, A. (2021). Soil health and nutrient density: Beyond organic vs. conventional farming. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 4, 699147. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2020.699147
Mukhopadhyay, R., Sarkar, B., Jat, H. S., Sharma, P. C. & Bolan, N. S. (2021). Soil salinity under climate change: Challenges for sustainable agriculture and food security. Journal of Environmental Management, 280, 111736. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111736
Nahar, S., Karim, M. M., Polash, M. A., Juthee, S. A., Fakir, M. S. & Hossain, M. A. (2021). Influence of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients on the growth and seed yield of Chinese broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. alboglabra). Farming and Management, 6(1), 8–14. https://doi.org/10.30681/fm.v6i1.943
Ngamsang, T. & Yuttitham, M. (2019). Vulnerability assessment of areas allocated for municipal solid waste disposal systems: A case study of sanitary landfill and incineration. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26, 27239–27258. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-05823-7
Nweke, I. A., Nkwonta, I., Igwe, A. C., Anochie, C. & Okenmuo, F. (2020). Nutrient potential from vermicompost of two contrasting organic wastes using tropical earthworm and mosquito net as culture material. International Journal of Biological Studies, 1(1), 1–7.
Ojo, A. O., Adetunji, M. T., Okeleye, K. A. & Adejuyigbe, C. O. (2015). Soil fertility, phosphorus fractions, and maize yield as affected by poultry manure and single superphosphate. International Scholarly Research Notices, 2015, 616213. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/616213
Patel, R. V., Pandya, K. Y., Jasrai, R. T. & Brahmbhatt, N. (2018). Significance of green and brown seaweed liquid fertilizer on seed germination of Solanum melongena, Solanum lycopersicum, and Capsicum annuum. International Journal of Recent Scientific Research, 9, 24065–24072.
Paul, J. T. & Presley, S. J. (1958). Complications of long-term diabetes mellitus. Annals of Internal Medicine, 49(1), 142–150.
Przemieniecki, S. W., Zapałowska, A., Skwiercz, A., Damszel, M., Telesiński, A., Sierota, Z. & Gorczyca, A. (2021). Evaluation of chemical, biochemical, and biological parameters of soil enriched with vermicompost. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(7), 8117–8127. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11176-7
Rahman, M. M., Alam, M. S., Kamal, M. Z. & Rahman, G. M. (2020). Organic sources and tillage practices for soil management. In Resources Use Efficiency In Agriculture (pp. 283–328). Springer.
Salazar-Mercado, S. A. & Vega-Contreras, N. A. (2017). Asymbiotic seed germination and in vitro propagation of Cattleya trianae. Acta Agronomica, 66(4), 544–548.
Sarkar, S. K., Paul, S. K., Saha, K. K., Baroi, A. & Sarkar, M. A. (2021). Impact of vermicompost-based nitrogen management and plant spacing on short-duration transplant Aus rice. Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science, 6(4), 542–547. https://doi.org/10.26832/24566 632.2021.0604010
Urbani, D., Evangelisti, M., Bebi, C., Rovegno, C., Parenti, M. D., Varchi, G. & Del Rio, A. (2024). Nanomaterial-based and nano-enabled plant protection and fertilising products. European union observatory for nanomaterials. https://doi.org/10.2873/091651
Vinothini, N., Manonmani, V., Sakila, M., Kavitha, S., Hemavathy, A. T., Janaki, D., Mangammal, P. & Poovarasan, T. (2025). Impact of projected climate on seed longevity in rice. Plant Science Today, 12(2), 2348–1900.
Vukovic, A., Velki, M., Ecimovic, S., Vukovic, R., Stolfa Camagajevac, I. & Loncaric, Z. (2021). Vermicomposting: Facts, benefits, and knowledge gaps. Agronomy, 11(10), 1952. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11101952
Wang, X. X., Zhao, F., Zhang, G., Zhang, Y. & Yang, L. (2017). Vermicompost improves tomato yield, quality, and soil biochemical properties. Frontiers in Plant Science, 8, 1978. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.01978
Yang, L., Zhao, F., Chang, Q., Li, T. & Li, F. (2015). Effects of vermicomposts on tomato yield, quality, and soil fertility. Agricultural Water Management, 160, 98–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2015.05.003
Zhou, H., Xia, D. & He, Y. (2020). Rice grain quality traits for high-quality rice and health-plus substances. Molecular Breeding, 40(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11032-019-1080-3
Acharya, P., Jayaprakasha, G. K., Crosby, K. M., Jifon, J. L. & Patil, B. S. (2020). Nanoparticle-mediated seed priming improves germination, growth, yield, and quality of watermelons (Citrullus lanatus) at multi-locations in Texas. Scientific Reports, 10(1), 5037. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-61926-3
Ali-Khan, S. T. & Youngs, C. G. (1973). Variation in protein content of field peas. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 53(1), 37–41.
Allen, E. & Alvarez, S. (2020). International rules for seed testing 2020. International seed testing association.
Amir, R., Cohen, H. & Hacham, Y. (2019). Revisiting the attempts to fortify methionine content in plant seeds. Journal of Experimental Botany, 70(16), 4105–4114. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erz267
Bello, M. A., Ruiz-León, Y., Sandoval-Sierra, J. V., Rezinciuc, S. & Diéguez-Uribeondo, J. (2017). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) protocols for problematic plant, oomycete, and fungal samples. Journal of Visualized Experiments, 120, 55031. https://doi.org/10.3791/55031
Bhattacharya, S., Debnath, S., Debnath, S. & Saha, A. K. (2019). Effects of vermicompost and urea on the seed germination and growth parameters of Vigna mungo L. and Vigna radiata L. Wilczek. Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 11(2), 321–326. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v11i2.2056
Directorate of Economics and Statistics. (2023). Horticulture statistics at a glance 2023. Department of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare, Government of India.
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). (2023). FAOSTAT statistical database. Rome, Italy. https://www.fao.org/faostat/
Ghimire, S., Chhetri, B. P. & Shrestha, J. (2023). Efficacy of different organic and inorganic nutrient sources on the growth and yield of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.). Heliyon, 9(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e12856
Jaybhaye, M. M. & Bhalerao, S. A. (2015). Influence of vermiwash on germination and growth parameters of seedlings of green gram (Vigna radiata L.) and black gram (Vigna mungo L.). International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 4(9), 635–643.
Kakar, K., Xuan, T. D., Noori, Z., Aryan, S. & Gulab, G. (2020). Effects of organic and inorganic fertilizer application on growth, yield, and grain quality of rice. Agriculture, 10(11), 544. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10110544
Kaya, A. R. & Coskun, N. (2020). Effect of organic fertilizer forms and doses on seed germination and seedling development of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 18(5), 6813–6828. https://doi.org/10.15666/aeer/1805_68136828
Lappay, A. L. (2020). Productivity and seed quality of mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) grown with organic and chemical fertilizer sources (Graduate thesis). University of the Philippines Los Baños.
Lucarini, M., Di Cocco, M. E., Raguso, V., Milanetti, F., Durazzo, A., Lombardi-Boccia, G., Santini, A., Delfini, M. & Sciubba, F. (2020). NMR-based metabolomic comparison of Brassica oleracea (var. italica): Organic and conventional farming. Foods, 9(7), 945. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9070945
Maqbool, A., Ali, S., Rizwan, M., Arif, M. S., Yasmeen, T., Riaz, M., Hussain, A., Noreen, S., Abdel-Daim, M. M. & Alkahtani, S. (2020). N-fertilizer (urea) enhances the phytoextraction of cadmium through Solanum nigrum L. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(11), 3850. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17113850
Mitra, D., Mondal, R., Khoshru, B., Shadangi, S., Mohapatra, P. K. & Panneerselvam, P. (2021). Rhizobacteria-mediated seed bio-priming triggers resistance and plant growth for sustainable crop production. Current Research in Microbial Sciences, 2, 100071. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crmicr.2021.100071
Mollah, M. R., Ali, M. A., Ahmad, M., Hassan, M. K. & Prodhan, M. Z. (2015). Effect of organic manures on the yield and quality of true seeds of onion. International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, 3(2), 162–166.
Montgomery, D. R. & Bikle, A. (2021). Soil health and nutrient density: Beyond organic vs. conventional farming. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 4, 699147. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2020.699147
Mukhopadhyay, R., Sarkar, B., Jat, H. S., Sharma, P. C. & Bolan, N. S. (2021). Soil salinity under climate change: Challenges for sustainable agriculture and food security. Journal of Environmental Management, 280, 111736. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111736
Nahar, S., Karim, M. M., Polash, M. A., Juthee, S. A., Fakir, M. S. & Hossain, M. A. (2021). Influence of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients on the growth and seed yield of Chinese broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. alboglabra). Farming and Management, 6(1), 8–14. https://doi.org/10.30681/fm.v6i1.943
Ngamsang, T. & Yuttitham, M. (2019). Vulnerability assessment of areas allocated for municipal solid waste disposal systems: A case study of sanitary landfill and incineration. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26, 27239–27258. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-05823-7
Nweke, I. A., Nkwonta, I., Igwe, A. C., Anochie, C. & Okenmuo, F. (2020). Nutrient potential from vermicompost of two contrasting organic wastes using tropical earthworm and mosquito net as culture material. International Journal of Biological Studies, 1(1), 1–7.
Ojo, A. O., Adetunji, M. T., Okeleye, K. A. & Adejuyigbe, C. O. (2015). Soil fertility, phosphorus fractions, and maize yield as affected by poultry manure and single superphosphate. International Scholarly Research Notices, 2015, 616213. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/616213
Patel, R. V., Pandya, K. Y., Jasrai, R. T. & Brahmbhatt, N. (2018). Significance of green and brown seaweed liquid fertilizer on seed germination of Solanum melongena, Solanum lycopersicum, and Capsicum annuum. International Journal of Recent Scientific Research, 9, 24065–24072.
Paul, J. T. & Presley, S. J. (1958). Complications of long-term diabetes mellitus. Annals of Internal Medicine, 49(1), 142–150.
Przemieniecki, S. W., Zapałowska, A., Skwiercz, A., Damszel, M., Telesiński, A., Sierota, Z. & Gorczyca, A. (2021). Evaluation of chemical, biochemical, and biological parameters of soil enriched with vermicompost. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(7), 8117–8127. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11176-7
Rahman, M. M., Alam, M. S., Kamal, M. Z. & Rahman, G. M. (2020). Organic sources and tillage practices for soil management. In Resources Use Efficiency In Agriculture (pp. 283–328). Springer.
Salazar-Mercado, S. A. & Vega-Contreras, N. A. (2017). Asymbiotic seed germination and in vitro propagation of Cattleya trianae. Acta Agronomica, 66(4), 544–548.
Sarkar, S. K., Paul, S. K., Saha, K. K., Baroi, A. & Sarkar, M. A. (2021). Impact of vermicompost-based nitrogen management and plant spacing on short-duration transplant Aus rice. Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science, 6(4), 542–547. https://doi.org/10.26832/24566 632.2021.0604010
Urbani, D., Evangelisti, M., Bebi, C., Rovegno, C., Parenti, M. D., Varchi, G. & Del Rio, A. (2024). Nanomaterial-based and nano-enabled plant protection and fertilising products. European union observatory for nanomaterials. https://doi.org/10.2873/091651
Vinothini, N., Manonmani, V., Sakila, M., Kavitha, S., Hemavathy, A. T., Janaki, D., Mangammal, P. & Poovarasan, T. (2025). Impact of projected climate on seed longevity in rice. Plant Science Today, 12(2), 2348–1900.
Vukovic, A., Velki, M., Ecimovic, S., Vukovic, R., Stolfa Camagajevac, I. & Loncaric, Z. (2021). Vermicomposting: Facts, benefits, and knowledge gaps. Agronomy, 11(10), 1952. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11101952
Wang, X. X., Zhao, F., Zhang, G., Zhang, Y. & Yang, L. (2017). Vermicompost improves tomato yield, quality, and soil biochemical properties. Frontiers in Plant Science, 8, 1978. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.01978
Yang, L., Zhao, F., Chang, Q., Li, T. & Li, F. (2015). Effects of vermicomposts on tomato yield, quality, and soil fertility. Agricultural Water Management, 160, 98–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2015.05.003
Zhou, H., Xia, D. & He, Y. (2020). Rice grain quality traits for high-quality rice and health-plus substances. Molecular Breeding, 40(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11032-019-1080-3
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Seed bio-priming with organic manure a strategy to enhance seed quality and storability in chilli CV. PKM 1. (2026). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 18(2), 847-858. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v18i2.7556
