Phytochemical profiling and therapeutic potential of Miliusa velutina var. deviyarina: Antioxidant, anticancer, antimicrobial, and α-amylase inhibitory activities
Article Main
Abstract
Miliusa velutina Hook. f. and Thomson var. deviyarina (Annonaceae) is a lesser-known medicinal tree traditionally used by tribal and local communities in Maharashtra, India. However, its pharmacological profile has not been systematically characterized. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive in vitro evaluation of the antioxidant, α-amylase inhibition, antimicrobial, antibiofilm and anticancer activities of different extracts of this variety. Bark, leaf, fruit and flower powders were successively extracted with water, methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate and alcohol–water mixtures. Antioxidant activity was assessed by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging, α-amylase inhibition by α-amylase inhibition, antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities by agar well diffusion and biofilm inhibition assays, and anticancer activity by sulforhodamine B (SRB) assays on MCF-7 and Vero cell lines. Methanol, ethanol and ethyl-acetate bark and leaf extracts showed strong DPPH scavenging with low IC₅₀ values comparable to quercetin and vitamin C. Green and ripe fruit extracts produced up to 89.57% α-amylase inhibition, while bark extracts showed moderate inhibition (37.50–61.25%). Bark extracts exhibited pronounced antimicrobial and antibiofilm effects, with maximum biofilm inhibition of 95.45% and zones of inhibition comparable to penicillin and streptomycin at 50 µg/mL. The ethyl-acetate bark extract displayed potent cytotoxicity toward MCF-7 cells (GI₅₀ < 10 µg/mL) with relatively lower effects on Vero cells, approaching the activity of Adriamycin. These in vitro findings highlight M. velutina var. deviyarina as a promising source of bioactive extracts and provide a multi-assay dataset to guide future phytochemical characterization and in vivo evaluation of this understudied medicinal plant.
Article Details
Article Details
Keywords
Anticancer, α-amylase inhibition, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Miliusa velutina Hook. F. , Thomson var. Deviyarina
References
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Anh, V. T. T., Trang, D. T. X., Kamei, K., Linh, T. C., Pham-Khanh, N. H., Tuan, N. T. & Danh, L. T. (2021). Phytochemicals, antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of extracts from Miliusa velutina flowers. Horticulturae, 7(12), https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7120555.
Atanasov, A. G., Waltenberger, B., Pferschy-Wenzig, E. M., Linder, T., Wawrosch, C., Uhrin, P., Temml, V., Wang, L., Schwaiger, S., Heiss, E. H., Rollinger, J. M., Schuster, D., Breuss, J. M., Bochkov, V., Mihovilovic, M. D., Kopp, B., Bauer, R., Dirsch, V. M. & Stuppner, H. (2015). Discovery and resupply of pharmacologically active plant-derived natural products: A review. Biotechnology Advances, 33(8), 1582–1614. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.08.001.
Baillon, H. (1868). Histoire des plantes. Paris: Librairie Hachette. http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/permissions
Balachandran, I., & Chakrabarty, T. (2011). Phytochemistry and pharmacology of Annonaceae species: An overview. Phytomedicine, 18(5), 439-450.
Ban, N. (2000). Bioactive compounds in Annonaceae and their pharmacological importance. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 4(3), 155-162.
Bin Chen, X., Li, W. & Wang, H. (2003). Alkaloids and flavonoids from Annonaceae plants with antimicrobial properties. Natural Product Research, 17(6), 421-428.
Brandis, D. (1906). Indian trees: An account of trees, Shrubs, Woody Climbers, Bamboos, and Palms. London: Archibald Constable & Company. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.66960
Brophy, J. J., Goldsack, R. J. & Forster, P. I. (2004). Essential oils of Annonaceae species: A new source of bioactive compounds? Phytochemistry, 65(7), 1023-1030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2004.9698714
Caughlin, T., Ferguson, B. G. & Kirwan, J. (2015). Cytotoxic and anticancer potential of bioactive molecules in Annonaceae: A review. Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology, 76(4), 635-647.
Chaowasku, T., Johnson, D. M. & Chatrou, L. W. (2014). Taxonomic revision of the genus Miliusa (Annonaceae) with emphasis on phytochemical properties. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 176(2), 204-219. DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2013.54
Chuakul, W. & Sornthornchareonon, W. (2003). Traditional medicinal uses and phytochemistry of Miliusa species in Southeast Asia. Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, 9(3), 167-175.
Connolly, D. J., Fitzpatrick, J. & Moore, C. (2003). Antimicrobial potential of Miliusa extracts against drug-resistant pathogens. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 22(4), 334-341.
Damthongdee, A. & Chaowasku, T. (2018). Sesquiterpenoids and alkaloids in Miliusa species: A comprehensive review. Phytochemistry Reviews, 17(3), 517-532.
Deshmukh, S., Jagtap, S. & Yadav, S. R. (2013). Distribution and taxonomy of Miliusa velutina var. deviyarina in Maharashtra. Indian Journal of Plant Taxonomy, 28(3), 112-118.
Efloraofindia (2007 onwards). Database of plants of the Indian Subcontinent. Accessed at https://efloraofindia.com/
Fahad, Titumeer & Kuddus, Md. Ruhul & Hasan, Choudhury. (2020). Phytochemical and biological studies of bark extract of Miliusa velutina (Dunal) Hook. f. & Thomson. Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 19. 125-131. 10.3329/dujps.v19i2.50627.
Forni, C., Facchiano, F., Bartoli, M., Pieretti, S., Facchiano, A., D'Arcangelo, D., Norelli, S., Valle, G., Nisini, R., Beninati, S., Tabolacci, C. & Jadeja, R. N. (2019). Beneficial role of phytochemicals on oxidative stress and age-related diseases. BioMed. Research International, 2019, 8748253. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/8748253
Gan, X., Zhou, L. & Zhang, Y. (2022). Flavonoid and alkaloid-based natural antidiabetic agents from Annonaceae plants: Mechanistic insights and therapeutic potential. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 13, 830214.
Harrigan, G. G., Lasure, A. & McDaniel, C. (1994). Identification of novel acetogenins from Annonaceae with cytotoxic properties against breast cancer cells. Journal of Natural Products, 57(8), 1043-1051.
Hasan, S., Rahman, M. & Alam, R. (2000). The role of Annonaceae alkaloids in diabetes management: An in vitro and in vivo study. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 12(5), 45-53. DOI:10.1016/S0305-1978(99)00083-6
Hoang Le, Khang & Phan Thanh, Tung & Ngo, Thi Thuy Duong & Nguyen, Tan-Tai & Huynh, Ngoc-Vinh & Ton, That & Hpu, Nat Sci Tech. (2022). Chemical constituents of the ethyl acetate extract of Miliusa velutina Dun Hook. f. et. Thoms. Tạp chí Khoa học - Trường Đại học Sư phạm Hà Nội 2. 1. 97-101. 10.56764/hpu2.jos.2022.1.2.97-101.
Huong, T., Le, P. & Nguyen, B. (2005). Antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of Miliusa extracts against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences, 7(2), 89-97.
Jogi, P. S. (2017). Phytochemical screening of ethanol extracts of new variety of Miliusa velutina leaves in Chandrapur forest region. International Journal of Biosciences, Agriculture and Technology; I J R B A T, V, (1), Jan.- 2017. https://ijrbat.in/upload_papers/2202201702002518.pdf
Jumana, S., Hasan, C. M. & Rashid, M. A. (2000). Antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity of Miliusa velutina. Fitoterapia, 71(5), 559–561. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0367-326x(00)00167-2
Kausar, S., et al. (2023). Phytochemical analysis and bioactivity of Miliusa velutina bark extracts. Phytochemistry Reviews, 22(1), 129-141.
Kejariwal, M. (2014). Antioxidant profiling of some important medicinal plants. Int. J. Scient. Res., 3(2), 49-53. 2277 - 8179
Kejariwal, M. (2016). Evaluation of antioxidant potential and phytochemical investigations on aegle marmelos (L.) Corr. Bull. Env. Pharmacol. Life Sci., 5(2), 42-52. URL:http://www.bepls.com
Kejariwal, M. (2021). Antioxidant potential of Murraya koenigii‘s (L.) Sprenge polysaccharide. Bull. Env. Pharmacol. Life Sci., 10(1), 98-105. URL:http://www.bepls.com
Khoddami, A., Wilkes, M.A. & Roberts, T.H. (2013). Techniques for analysis of plant phenolic compounds. Molecules, 18, 2328–2375. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules18022328
Mahmud, A., et al. (2023). Biofilm inhibition activity of plant extracts against Staphylococcus aureus. Microbial Pathogenesis, 174, 105940. DOI: 10.9734/AJRIMPS/2023/v12i4236
Mishra, P., et al. (2022). Cytotoxic activity of Miliusa velutina extracts on MCF-7 cell line. Cancer Research and Treatment, 54(2), 511-518.
Nadeem, M., et al. (2021). Antibacterial activity of Miliusa velutina extracts. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 131(2), 667-678.
Newman, D. J. & Cragg, G. M. (2016). Natural products as sources of new drugs from 1981 to 2014. Journal of Natural Products, 79(3), 629-661. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b01055
Ngo, T. T. D., Bui, N. P., Vo, T. K. L., Nguyen, T. M. N., Le, H. K., Phan, T. T., ... & That, Q. T. (2024). Miliutine C methyl ester, a new drimane sesquiterpene and bioactive alkaloids from the stems of Miliusa velutina. Natural Product Research, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2024.2345756
Olawuwo, O. S., Famuyide, I. M. & McGaw, L. J. (2022). Antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of selected medicinal plant leaf extracts against pathogens implicated in poultry diseases. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 9, 820304. DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.820304
Phrompanya, P., Buncharoen, W., Tragoolpua, Y. & Saenphet, K. Miliusa velutina as potential plant for acne treatment. J. Pharm. Pharmacogn. Res., 12, no. 2, pp. 243-254, Mar-Apr 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.56499/jppres23.1704_12.2.243
Rajendran, A., Daniel, P. & Henry, A. N. (2003). New taxa and status reports of Annonaceae from Southern India. Flora of India, 42(2), 78-85. https://doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2003-8813YL
Rana, M., et al. (2020). Inhibition of α-amylase by medicinal plants and their antidiabetic potential. International Journal of Phytomedicine, 12(3), 210-215. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox8070203
Rates, S. M. K. (2001). Plants as source of drugs. Toxicon, 39(5), 603-613. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0041-0101(00)00154-9
Sharma, A. & Bhat, S. (2019). Antioxidant activity of herbal plant extracts using DPPH assay. Journal of Herbal Medicine, 15(2), 45-49.
Singh, B., Singh, J. P., Kaur, A., & Singh, N. (2017) Phenolic composition and antioxidant potential of grain legume seeds:A review. Food Research International, 101, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2017.09.026
Singh, R., et al. (2023). Statistical analysis of phytochemical data: Techniques and applications. Statistical Science in Biology, 9(1), 87-98.
Tewari, Devesh & Atanasov, Atanas & Semwal, Prabhakar & Wang, Dongdong. (2021). Natural products and their applications. Current Research in Biotechnology. 3. 82-83. 10.1016/j.crbiot.2021.03.002.
The Son N. (2019). Genus Miliusa: A review of phytochemistry and pharmacology. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine: eCAM, 2019, 8314693. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/8314693
Tragoolpua, Yingmanee & Phrompanya, Phornphan & Buncharoen, Wararut & Saenphet, Kanokporn. (2024). Antioxidant anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities against acne causing bacteria of Miliusa velutina extracts. Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmacognosy Research, DOI: https://doi.org/10.56499/jppres23.1704_12.2.243.
Trang Thi Xuan Dai, Tuan Thanh Chau, Thao Thi Phuong Truong, Linh Chi Tran, Ngan Thi Kim Nguyen (2024), Isolating Miliusa velutina endophytic bacteria to generate antioxidants and optimizing culture conditions for antioxidant production, South African Journal of Botany, 166, Pages 561-570, ISSN 0254-6299, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2024.01.052.
Trang, Đ. T. X., Bui, H. L. T., Tran, L. C., Luu, D. T. & Nguyen, T. T. (2020). Antioxidant and hepatoprotective potentials of Miliusa velutina stem bark extract. Science & Technology Development Journal: Natural Sciences, 4(3), 633-642. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32508/stdjns.v4i3.880
Trinop Promgool, Kwanjai Kanokmedhakul, Sarawut Tontapha, Vittaya Amornkitbamrung, Saowanit Tongpim, Winai Jamjan, Somdej Kanokmedhakul, Bioactive homogentisic acid derivatives from fruits and flowers of Miliusa velutina, Fitoterapia, 134, 2019, Pages 65-72, ISSN 0367-326X, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2019.02.007.
Van Nguyen Thien, T., Vo, T. K. L., Dang, P. H., Ngoc, V. H., Ngo, T. T. D., Nguyen, T. M.-N., Hansen, P. E. & That, Q. T. (2022). Two new sesquiterpenes from the stems of Miliusa velutina. Natural Product Research, 36, 553-559. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.202 0.1789984
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Phytochemical profiling and therapeutic potential of Miliusa velutina var. deviyarina: Antioxidant, anticancer, antimicrobial, and α-amylase inhibitory activities. (2026). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 18(1), 266-278. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v18i1.7077
