A study on pathological aspects of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris causing black rot of cabbage under red lateritic zone of West Bengal
Article Main
Abstract
Cabbage, is one of the most important crops of the cole group of vegetables. In India it ranks next to cauliflower in acreage and first in production among cole crops occupying an area of 3,72,000 ha with annual production of 8534,000 tons. It covers about 4.3% area under vegetable crops in India. In West Bengal cabbage covers 78200.00 ha of area and the total production is 2197400.00 MT. Black rot is a major disease of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata), caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) . The disease has been observed in all cabbage growing areas of Bolpur, Birbhum, West Bengal. The present study was carried out on the pathology of black rot disease of cabbage. Morphological, cultural, biochemical, and physiological characteristics of the pathogen were studied. The bacterium produced small, yellow, circular, entire, smooth and shining colonies in the culture medium. The optimum temperature for the growth was found 300C and white light supported maximum growth of the bacterium. Nutritional studies revealed that sucrose gave maximum growth followed by maltase, lactose, dextrose and fructose as the carbon source in the nutrient broth. Black rot of cabbage pathogen also infected other crops of crucifereae family such as Cauliflower, Knol khol, Mustard, Radish and Rape seed. These findings regarding the pathogen may help to formulate the more appropriate way and judicious application of different management options against the diease in this zone.
Article Details
Article Details
Black rot, Cabbage, Pathology, Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris
Alvarez, A.M. (2000). Black rot of crucifers. In: Slusarenko A.J., Fraser R.S.S., van Loon L.C. eds). Mechanisms of Resistance to Plant Diseases, pp. 21-52. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
Anonymous (2013). Indian Horticulture Database-2013. National Horticulture Board, Gurgaon, Ministry of Ag-riculture, Govt. of India
Anonymous (2014). Indian Horticulture Database-2014. National Horticulture Board, Gurgaon, Ministry of Agriculture, Govt. of India
Balan Sanju, Sajeesh, P. K. and Abraham Koshy, (2014). Mor-phological and biochemical characterization of Xanthomonasaxonopodis pv dieffenbachiae (McCulloh & Pirone) causing bacterial blight of Anthurium (Schott.). Trends in Biosciences, 7 (8): 636-640
Dowson, W.J. (1957). Plant diseases due to bacteria. Cam-bridge University Press to London, pp.227.
Dye D.W. (1968). A taxonomic study of genus Erwinia amylovora group. New Zealand J Sci., 11: 590-607 Xanthomonas campestris on different media. Mikrobi-ologicheskii Zhurnal, 44: 36-40.
Dye, D. W. (1962). The inadequacy of the usual determina-tive tests for the identification of Xanthomonaas sp. N. Z. J. Sci. 5 : 393-416.
Dye, D. W. and Lelliott, R. A. (1974). Genus Xanthomonas. Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology. Ed. Buchanan, R. E.and Gibbons., Williams and Wilkins, N. E, Baltimore, 7:243-245.
Gupta Meenu , Amit Vikram and Narender Bharat (2014). black rot - a devastating disease of crucifers: A review. Agri. Reviews, 34 (4) : 269-278.
Hayward, A.C. (1983). Preliminary diagnosis of plant disease caused by bacteria. Plant Bacterial Disease : A Diagnostic Guide, pp. 1-22.
Jambenal, Shivananda, Ravikumar, M.R. and Hiremani, Neelakanth (2011). Basic studies on Xanthomonas-campestris.pv. viticolacausing bacterial leaf spot of grape and evaluated in-vitroefficacy of different chemicals and bioagents against its growth. Internat. J. Plant Protec., 4(2): 397-401.
Janse, J.D. (2005). Phytobacteriology – Principles and practice. CABI Publishing, USA
Mahiar, M. and Khalif, H. (1999). Black rot of in Jordan: sources of inoculums. Dirasat. Gric. Sci., 26 : 329-337.
Mariano, R. L. R. and Gama, M. A. (2005). Preservation meth-odsand growth of Xanthomonas campestris pv. viticola in culture medium at varying temperature, pH and NaCl con-centrations. Fitopatologia Brasileira, 30(6) : 650-654.
Massomo, S.M.S., Hanne, N., Mansfield-Giese, K., Mabagala, R.B., Hockenhull, J., and Mortensen, C. N. (2003). Identi-fication and characterisation of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris from Tanzania by pathogenicity tests, Biol-ogy, Eric- and Box-PCR and fatty acid methyl ester anal sis. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 109: 775–789.
Naqvi, S. F., M. Inam-ul-Haq, M. Ahsan Khan, M. Ibrahim Tahir, Zahid Ali and Rehman, H.M. (2013). Morphologi-cal and biochemical characterization of Xanthomonas campestris (pammel) dawson pv. sesami and it's manage-ment by bacterial antagonists. Pak. J. Agri. Sci., 50(2): 229-235 .
Orellana, R.G., Thomas, C.A. and Kinman, M.L. (1965). A bacterial blight of guar in the United States. FAO, Plant. Prot. Bull., 13:9-13.
Patel, M.K., Dhande, G.W. and Kulkarni, Y.S. (1951). Studies in some species of Xanthomonas. Indian Phytopath., 4:123-140.
Patwardhan, G.B. (1928). Field, garden and orchard crops of Bombay. Presidency Bull. Dep. Agric. Bombay, 30.
Pelezar, M.J., Bard, R.C., Burnett, G.W., Conn, H.J., Demoss, R.D., Evans, E.E., Jennison, M.W., Mckee, A.P., Riker, A.J., Warren, J., Weeks, O.B., and . Weises, F.A. (1957). Manual of microbiology methods. McGraw Hill Book Co., New York: 305.
Popovic,´ T., Jošic´, D., Starovic´, M., Milovanovic´, P., Dolovac, N., Poštic´ D., and Stankovic´ S. (2013). Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Xanthomonas campestris strains isolatedfrom cabbage, kale and broccoli. Archives of Biologi-cal Science, 65: 585-593.
Radunovi?, D. and Balaž, J. (2012). Occurrence of Xanthomonas-campestris pv. Campestris (Pammel, 1895).Dowson 1939, on Brassicas in Montenegro Pestic. Phytomed. (Belgrade), 27 (2): 131–140.
Ryu, E. (1980). Simple methods for staining of bacteria 2nd Edition International laboratory for zoonoses Taipei, Tai-wan Republic of China.
Singh D, Shri Dhar (2010). Bio-PCR based diagnosis of Xantho-monas campestris pathovars in black rot infected leaves of crucifers. Ind. Phytopath., 64: 7-11.
Tanaka, Y. (1964). Studies on the nutritional physiology of Xanthomonas oryzae (Uyeda et al., Ishiyama) Dowson. II. On the carbon source and a new synthetic medium. Science Bulletin Faculty of Agriculture Kyushu University, 21 (2, 3): 149-153.
Thimmegowda, P . R. (2006) Studies on bacterial leaf blight of paddy. M.Sc. (Agri.) Thesis, Univ. Agric. Sci. Dhawad (India).
Viana, I.O. (2006). Medium for isolation of Xanthomonas campestris pv. viticola. Ciencia-Rural, 36 (4):1317-1320.
Walangululu, J.M. and Mushagalusa, G.N. (2000). The major pests of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata subs. sabauda) in Bukavu and around. Tropicultura. Inter-national Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, 18: 55–57.
This work is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) © Author (s)
