Bioactive seed oils of mangrove associates: Phytochemical profiling, antioxidant activity and in vitro cytotoxicity studies
Article Main
Abstract
Mangrove-associated plants are rich reservoirs of unique bioactive compounds, owing to their adaptation to harsh coastal environments, yet many remain underexplored for their therapeutic potential. Seed oils from such species offer a promising source of natural antioxidants and anticancer agents. The present study aimed to conduct phytochemical characterization, antioxidant assessment, and anticancer evaluation of seed oils extracted from selected mangrove-associated plants — Thespesia populnea, Canavalia cathartica, and Derris trifoliata — using n-hexane via Soxhlet extraction. Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed that T. populnea oil possessed the highest total phenolic (65.27 ± 0.25 mg GAE/g) and flavonoid (233.57 ± 1.51 mg QE/g) contents. Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS) and High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) profiling confirmed the presence of diverse bioactive compounds such as tocopherols, flavonoids, sterols, terpenoids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Antioxidant activity was assessed through 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical cation (ABTS·+) and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) assays showed that oil of T. populnea exhibited the strongest radical scavenging ability, correlating with its rich flavonoid content. In contrast, D. trifoliata seed oil demonstrated significant cytotoxicity against Dalton’s Lymphoma Ascites (DLA) cells (IC50 of 62.3 µg/mL) and moderate antiproliferative activity against MCF-7 breast cancer cells (EC50 of 80.50 µg/mL), supported by morphological evidence of apoptosis. These bioactivities are likely attributed to the presence of phytochemicals such as the triterpenoid C(14a)-Homo-27-norgammacer-14-ene, sterols like stigmasterol and γ-sitosterol, and flavonoids including rotenone. Overall, the findings suggest that these seed oils, especially those from T. populnea and D. trifoliata, offer promising prospects as sources of natural antioxidants and potential anticancer agents.
Article Details
Article Details
Keywords
Antioxidant, Canavalia cathartica, Derris trifoliata, Thespesia populnea, MCF-7
References
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Gaber, N. B., El-Dahy, S. I., & Shalaby, E. A. (2023). Comparison of ABTS, DPPH, permanganate, and methylene blue assays for determining antioxidant potential of successive extracts from pomegranate and guava residues. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery, 13(5), 4011-4020.doi:10.1007/s13399-021-01386-0.
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Mandelker, L. (2011). Oxidative stress, free radicals, and cellular damage. In Studies on veterinary medicine (pp. 1-17). Totowa, NJ: Humana Press.doi:10.1007/978-1-61779-071-3_1.
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McCord, J. M., & Edeas, M. A. (2005). SOD, oxidative stress and human pathologies: a brief history and a future vision. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 59(4), 139-142.doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2005.03.005.
Mostofa, M. G., Reza, A. A., Khan, Z., Munira, M. S., Khatoon, M. M., Kabir, S. R., ... & Alam, A. K. (2024). Apoptosis-inducing anti-proliferative and quantitative phytochemical profiling with in silico study of antioxidant-rich Leea aequata L. leaves. Heliyon, 10(1).doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23400.l
Mutha, R. E., Tatiya, A. U., & Surana, S. J. (2021). Flavonoids as natural phenolic compounds and their role in therapeutics: An overview. Future journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 7(1), 25.doi: 10.1186/s43094-020-00161-8
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Nenadis, N., Wang, L. F., Tsimidou, M., & Zhang, H. Y. (2004). Estimation of scavenging activity of phenolic compounds using the ABTS•+ assay. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 52(15), 4669-4674.doi:10.1021/jf0400056.
Ochida, C. O., Itodo, A. U., Anhwange, B. A., Onoja, P. O., & Nwanganga, P. A. (2024). In vitro and In vivo Antioxidant Effect of Mango, Coconut and Cotton Seed Oils on Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Oxidative Stress in Wistar Rats. Sahel Journal of Life Sciences FUDMA, 2(2), 64-73.doi:10.33003/sajols-2024-0202-09.
Okoh, S. O., Asekun, O. T., Familoni, O. B., & Afolayan, A. J. (2014). Antioxidant and free radical scavenging capacity of seed and shell essential oils extracted from Abrus precatorius (L). Antioxidants, 3(2), 278-287.doi:10.3390/antiox3020278.
Pękal, A., & Pyrzynska, K. (2014). Evaluation of aluminium complexation reaction for flavonoid content assay. Food Analytical Methods, 7(9), 1776-1782.doi:10.1007/s12161-014-9814-x.
Phaniendra, A., Jestadi, D. B., & Periyasamy, L. (2015). Free radicals: properties, sources, targets, and their implication in various diseases. Indian journal of clinical biochemistry, 30(1), 11-26. doi:10.1007/s12291-014-0446-0.
Plainfossé, H., Burger, P., Herbette, G., Bertrand, S., Verger-Dubois, G., Azoulay, S., ... & Fernandez, X. (2023). Anti-inflammatory and anti-aging potential of extracts and constituents from Teucrium lucidum L. aerial parts. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 12(5), 205-220.doi:10.22271/phyto.2023.v12.i5c.14727.
Prathamanjali, S., Babu, Y. R., & Vijaya, T. (2025). In vitro assessment of antimitotic, antiproliferative and anticancer activities of different sections of Cleistanthus collinus (Roxb.) Benth. Ex. Hook. F. Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 17(1), 407.doi:10.31018/jans.v17i1.6324.
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Bioactive seed oils of mangrove associates: Phytochemical profiling, antioxidant activity and in vitro cytotoxicity studies. (2025). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 17(3), 1362-1372. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v17i3.6823
