Effect of dryness on antioxidant enzyme activities in Gastropod Pomacea canaliculata from Shatt Al-Arab River, Basrah, Iraq
Article Main
Abstract
It is well known that humidity affects the fertility and reproductive activity of gastropods, inducing an imbalance in oxidative stress that can lead to cell damage and restricted normal activities. The present study investigated the effects of dryness on antioxidant enzymes as a marker in the Gastropod Pomacea canaliculata collected from the Shatt Al-Arab River. The experiment was conducted in three successive sets, in addition to the control (Set I). Set II, animal kept for 6 days in constant high humidity (HH). Set III, animal kept for 3 days in low humidity, followed by 3 days in high humidity (DH), Set IV, animal kept for 6 days in low humidity (DD). After 6 days, the antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) in the digestive gland were assessed. Moreover, Thiobarbituric Acid Reactants (TBARS) was also assessed as an indicator of oxidative damage. The results showed that the activity of SOD, CAT, and GST did not change throughout the period (HH). While in the periods of DH and DD, the activity of the three antioxidant enzymes increased. And the highest increasing of SOD (31 U/mg), CAT (383 U/mg) and GST (1812 mU/mg) showed in the period of DD. The same harmonic increase in oxidative damage was also observed during the periods of DH and DD, with the highest TBARS level (24 nmol/g) found at DD. In conclusion, the dryness induced oxidative stress in the digestive gland of Pomacea canaliculata. This study is the first to investigate the effect of dryness on this snail from the Shatt Al-Arab River.
Article Details
Article Details
Keywords
Antioxidant enzymes, Dryness, Oxidative stress, Pomacea canaliculata, Shatt Al-Arab River
References
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Karim, R.M., Naser, M.D. & Al Fartosi, A.J.M. (2011). Lipid peroxidation and alkaline phosphotase levels in gastropod Lymnaea Radix cor (Annandale and Prashad, 1919) exposed to sublethal concentrations of endosulfan. Biology Journal of Al-Kufa University, 3(2), 291-296.
Karim, R.M. (2022). Evaluation of DNA Damage of cadmium in gastropod Lymnaea radix cor (Annandale & Prashad, 1919) From Euphrates River. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 15(6),2761-2764. https://doi.org/10.52711/0974-360X.2022.00462
Kovac, S., Angelova, P.R., Holmström, K.M., Zhang, Y., Dinkova-Kostova, A.T. & Abramov, A.Y. (2015). Nrf2 regulates ROS production by mitochondria and NADPH oxidase. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1850(4),794-801. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.11.021
Mahilum, J.J.M. & Demayo, C.G. (2014). Describing Lake Populations of the golden apple snail, Pomacea canaliculata using landmark-based geometric morphometric analysis. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 2 (4), 139-144.
Ponugoti, B., Xu, F., Zhang, C., Tian, C., Pacios, S. & Graves, D.T. (2013). FOXO1 promotes wound healing through the up-regulation of TGF-β1 and prevention of oxidative stress. The Journal of Cell Biology, 203(2),327-343. https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201305074
Poznanska, M., Goleniewska, D., Gulanicz, T., Kakareko, T., Jermacz, L. & Kobak, J. (2015). Effect of substratum drying on the survival and migrations of a freshwater pulmonate snail Planorbarius corneus (Linnaeus, 1758). Hydrobiologia, 747,177–188. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-014-2130-z
Rodriguez, C., Campoy-Diaz, A.D. & Giraud-Billoud, M. (2023). Short-term estivation and hibernation induce changes in the blood and circulating hemocytes of the apple snail Pomacea canaliculata. Metabolites, 13(2),289. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13020289
Salih, A.S., Hama, A.A., Hawrami, K.A.M. & Ditta, A. (2021). The land snail, Eobania vermiculata, as a bioindicator of the heavy metal pollution in the urban areas of Sulaimani, Iraq. Sustainability, 13(24),13719. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132413719
Schweizer, M., Triebskorn, R. & Köhler, H. (2019). Snails in the sun: Strategies of terrestrial gastropods to cope with hot and dry conditions. Ecology and Evolution, 9(22): 12940-12960. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.5607
Sulikowska-Drozd, A. & Maltz, T.K. (2014). Experimental drought affects the reproduction of the brooding clausiliid Alinda biplicata (Montagu, 1803). Journal of Molluscan Studies, 80, 265–271.
UNEP (2001). Partow, H. The Mesopotamian Marshlands: Demise of an ecosystem early warning and assessment technical report, UNEP/DEWA/TR.01-3 Rev. 1 Division of early warning and assessment United Nations environment programme Nairobi, Kenya
Aldoghachi, M.A.J. & Alabdul Aziz, B.A.B. (2023). Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in carp fish (Cyprinus carpio L.) cultured in earthen ponds in sites of Basrah University. 1st international & 4th local conference for pure science, Diyala, Iraq. AIP Conference Proceedings, 2475, 1.
Aldoghachi, M.A.J., Mahmood, A.B. & Jabir, A.A. (2024). Studying the effect of highwater acidity on the tilapia fish Oreochromis aureus in Vitro. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries, 28(3), 1617 – 1625. https://doi.org/10.21608/ejabf.2024.368322
Ali, M.H., Mohammed, H.H. & Ahmed, H.K. (2020). temperature impacts on the cardiac activity of the snail Pomacea canaliculata from Shatt Al-Arab Region, Basrah, Iraq. Baghdad Science Journal, 17(2),437- 443.
Al-Jassany, R.F. & Al-Hassnawi, M.N. (2017). New record of the golden apple snail Pomacea canaliculata in Iraq. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 35(1),043-047. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-035.1.043047
Al-khafaji, K.K., Al-Esaa, S.A.K. & Hashim, A.A. (2015). The density, abundance and distribution of the Macroinvertebrates community in the intertidal zone of the Shatt Al-Arab, South-Iraq. University of Thi-Qar Journal of Science, 5(2), 54-64. https://doi.org/10.32792/utq/utjsci/v5i2.105
Al-Mahmood, H.K.H. & Al-Rashed, T.J.M. (2024). Recent indicators of hydrological drought in the Shatt al-Arab basin. The Arab Gulf Journal, 52(2), 263-286.
Aouini, F., Trombini, C., Sendra, M. & Blasco, J. (2019). Biochemical response of the clam Ruditapes philippinarum to silver (AgD and AgNPs) exposure and application of an integrated biomarker response approach. Marine Environmental Research, 152:104783. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.104783
Ensminger, D.C., Salvador-Pascual, A., Arango, B.G., Allen, K.N. & Vázquez-Medina, J.P. (2021). Fasting ameliorates oxidative stress: a review of physiological strategies across life history events in wild vertebrates. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular and Integrative Physiology, 256,110929. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.110929
Giraud-Billoud, M., Campoy-Diaz, A.D., Dellagnola, F.A., Rodriguez, C. & Vega, I.A. (2022). Antioxidant responses induced by short-term activity-estivation-arousal cycle in Pomacea canaliculate. Frontiers in Physiology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.805168
Giraud-Billoud, M., Castro-Vazquez, A., Campoy-Diaz, A.D., Giuffrida, P.M. & Vega, I.A. (2018). Tolerance to hypometabolism and arousal induced by hibernation in the apple snail Pomacea canaliculata (Caenogastropoda, Ampullariidae). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 224,129-137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpb.2017.12.015
Giraud-Billoud, M., Rivera-Ingraham, G.A., Moreira, D.C., Burmester, T., Castro-Vazquez, A., Carvajalino-Fernández, J.M., Dafre, A., Niu, C., Tremblay, N., Paital, B., Rosa, R., Storey, J.M., Vega, I.A., Zhang, W., Yepiz-Plascencia, G., Zenteno-Savin, T., Storey, K.B. & Hermes-Lima, M. (2019). Twenty years of the ‘preparation for oxidative stress’ (POS) theory: Eco physiological advantages and molecular strategies. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part A, Molecular and integrative Physiology, 234, 36–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.04.004
Hermes-Lima, M., Moreira, D.C., Rivera-Ingraham, G.A., Giraud-Billoud, M., Genaro-Mattos, T.C. & Campos, E.G. (2015). Preparation for oxidative stress under hypoxia and metabolic depression: revisiting the proposal two decades later. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 89: 1122–1143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.07.156
Kadhim, K.K. (2023). Spatial and temporal analysis to the major categories of drought in Iraq using GIS and remote sensing technology. Journal of Human Sciences, 14(1): 24.
Karim, R.M., Naser, M.D. & Al Fartosi, A.J.M. (2011). Lipid peroxidation and alkaline phosphotase levels in gastropod Lymnaea Radix cor (Annandale and Prashad, 1919) exposed to sublethal concentrations of endosulfan. Biology Journal of Al-Kufa University, 3(2), 291-296.
Karim, R.M. (2022). Evaluation of DNA Damage of cadmium in gastropod Lymnaea radix cor (Annandale & Prashad, 1919) From Euphrates River. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 15(6),2761-2764. https://doi.org/10.52711/0974-360X.2022.00462
Kovac, S., Angelova, P.R., Holmström, K.M., Zhang, Y., Dinkova-Kostova, A.T. & Abramov, A.Y. (2015). Nrf2 regulates ROS production by mitochondria and NADPH oxidase. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1850(4),794-801. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.11.021
Mahilum, J.J.M. & Demayo, C.G. (2014). Describing Lake Populations of the golden apple snail, Pomacea canaliculata using landmark-based geometric morphometric analysis. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 2 (4), 139-144.
Ponugoti, B., Xu, F., Zhang, C., Tian, C., Pacios, S. & Graves, D.T. (2013). FOXO1 promotes wound healing through the up-regulation of TGF-β1 and prevention of oxidative stress. The Journal of Cell Biology, 203(2),327-343. https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201305074
Poznanska, M., Goleniewska, D., Gulanicz, T., Kakareko, T., Jermacz, L. & Kobak, J. (2015). Effect of substratum drying on the survival and migrations of a freshwater pulmonate snail Planorbarius corneus (Linnaeus, 1758). Hydrobiologia, 747,177–188. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-014-2130-z
Rodriguez, C., Campoy-Diaz, A.D. & Giraud-Billoud, M. (2023). Short-term estivation and hibernation induce changes in the blood and circulating hemocytes of the apple snail Pomacea canaliculata. Metabolites, 13(2),289. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13020289
Salih, A.S., Hama, A.A., Hawrami, K.A.M. & Ditta, A. (2021). The land snail, Eobania vermiculata, as a bioindicator of the heavy metal pollution in the urban areas of Sulaimani, Iraq. Sustainability, 13(24),13719. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132413719
Schweizer, M., Triebskorn, R. & Köhler, H. (2019). Snails in the sun: Strategies of terrestrial gastropods to cope with hot and dry conditions. Ecology and Evolution, 9(22): 12940-12960. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.5607
Sulikowska-Drozd, A. & Maltz, T.K. (2014). Experimental drought affects the reproduction of the brooding clausiliid Alinda biplicata (Montagu, 1803). Journal of Molluscan Studies, 80, 265–271.
UNEP (2001). Partow, H. The Mesopotamian Marshlands: Demise of an ecosystem early warning and assessment technical report, UNEP/DEWA/TR.01-3 Rev. 1 Division of early warning and assessment United Nations environment programme Nairobi, Kenya
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Effect of dryness on antioxidant enzyme activities in Gastropod Pomacea canaliculata from Shatt Al-Arab River, Basrah, Iraq. (2025). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 17(4), 1619-1623. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v17i4.6803
