Essential phospholipids protection against mercury uptake and histopathological changes in the intestine of fish, Oreochromis mossambicus (Trewavas)
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Abstract
Histochemical examination of fingerlings and adults of freshwater teleost Oreochromis mossambicus (Trewavas) exposed to sublethal concentration of HgCl2 (0.15 mg/l) for 30 days revealed considerable uptake of mercury by their respective intestines. Simultaneous co-administration of Essential phospholipids (EPL) along with food to the fishes, significantly supressed mercury uptake by the intestinal tissues, except the goblet cells which were still loaded with Hg in both stages. Due to accumulated mercury visible histopathological damage was seen in muscle layers, lamina propria and basement membrane of columnar cells. No noticeable damage in intestine was seen, when EPL was simultaneously fed to fishes along with HgCl2 exposure. Results suggest that EPL plays prophylactic role against metal uptake and structural damage in fish intestine exposed to inorganic mercury.
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Keywords
Mercuric chloride, Intestine, Essential phospholipids
References
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Banerjee, S. and Bhatacharya, S. (1995). Histopathological changes induced by chronic nonlethal levels of the elsan, mercury and ammonia in the small intestine of Channa punctatus (Bloch). Ecotoxicol Environ. Saf.,31(1): 62-80.
Bano, Y. and Hasan, M. (1990). Histopathological lesions in the body organs of a Catish H.fossilis following Hg intoxication. J. Environ. Sc. Health B., 25 (1) : 67-85.
Bhalerao, S. (1996). Liv.52 Protection against HgCl2 toxicity in target organs of a Catfish H. Fossilis (BL.). A Histological and biochemical study. Ph.D. Thesis, Vikram University, Ujjain (M.P.).
Bhoraskar, J. and Kothari, S. (1993). Toxicity of mercury and zinc in the liver of a Catfish Clarias batrachus (Linn). In : K. S. Rao (Ed.), Recent Advances In fresh water biology. pp: 285-298. New Delhi ( India) Anmol publication.
Boudou, A. and Ribeyre, F. (1983). Contamination of a aquatic biocenoses by mercury compounds an experimental ecotoxicological approach In: J.O. Nraigu (Ed.) pp: 117-136. J. Wily, New York, Aquatic Toxicology.
Boudou, A., Delnomdedieu, M., Georges, D., Ribeyre, F. and Sqouter, E. (1991). Fundamental roles of biological barriers in mercury accumulation and transfer in fresh water ecosystem. Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 56: 807-821.
Elia, A.C., Galarini, R., Taticchi, M. I., Darr, A .J. M. and Mantilacci, L. (2003). Antitoxidant responses and bioaccumulation in Ictalurus melas under mercury exposure. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., 55.(2): 162-167.
Geed, S. and Kothari, S. (1994). Role of an indigenous drug Liv. 52 against mercuric chloride toxicity in the liver of a freshwater teleost. Heteropneustertes fossilis ( B1): A Histochemical and Histological study. Indian. J. Environ. Toxicol., 4 (2) 39-43.
Gupta, R. K. and Jain, K .L. (2007). Histopatholgical Analysis of impact of mercury and cobalt in a Telecost, Cirrhinus mrigala. NSH. Proceed of DAE-BRNS National Syposiumn Limnology ( NSL-07) Udaipur:373-375.
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Keneedy, C .I.( 2003). Uptake and accumulation of mercury from dental amalgam in the cannon goldfish Carassius auratus. Environ. Pollut., 21(3): 321-326.
Kirubagaran, R. and Joy, K. P. (1988). Toxic effects of three mercurial compound on survival and histology of the kidney of the Catfish Calarias batrachus (L.) Ecotoixcol Environ. Safety.,15:171-179.
Kothari, S. (2008). Protective action of essential phospholipids accumulation and toxicity of mercuric chloride in fish liver, In: Status of medical biotechnology research in the state of
Madhya Pradesh. Past Accomplishments. Current trends and challenges Ahead, P.K. Mishra and K.K. Maudar (Eds.) Bhopal, India MEDBIO-2008. 216-230.
Kothari, S. and Soni, R. (2002). Effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids on zinc induced disturbance in Heteropneustes fossilis intestine. Indian J. Environ. Toxicol., 2(1) 40-42.
Kothari, S. and Soni, R. (2004). Role of polyunsaturated fatty acids againt zinc sulphate toxicity in the gills of a catfish H. Fossilis (Bloch). Journal of Tissue Research, 4 (2): 253-256.
Kothari, S., Bhalerao, S. and Jat, D. (2003). Protection by herbal compound against toxic effects of mercuric chloride in fish intestine. J.Ecophysiol. Occup. Health, 3 : 51-58.
Kothari, S. Bhalerao, S. and Sharma, S. K. (1999 a). Effect of a herbal compound on mercury induced biochemical changes in the liver of Catfish, Indian J. Environ. and Toxicol., 9 (1): 30-32
Kothari, S., Pandey, C. and Mahajan, P. (1999b). Role of a drug ‘Essentiale’ against cadmium toxicity in the intestine of O Mosssambicus (Trewavas). The Fourth Indian Fisheries Forum Proceedings, 24-28: 135-137.
Kothari, S., Trivedi, A., Jat, D. and Sakade, B. (2005). Preventive action of essential phospholiphids against cadmium induced haematological changes in Hetropneustes fossilis (Bloch). Indian J. Environ. Toxicol., 15(1):6-9.
Kumar, R. M. and Kothari, S. (1990). Histological and histochemical studies in the liver of Hetropneustes fossilis(Bloch) treated with mercuric chloride. Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, Environmental Series, 3 pp: 127-132.
Kuntz, E. (1990). “Essential” phospholipids essential to the liver. Asian Medical News 12(7) 13-14.
Maros, T., Seresturum, L., Lakatos, O., Magda, T., Seresturum, and Blazsek, V. (1973). Investigations regarding the possibility of resorption of the hepatic collagen in experimental toixc cirrhosis, under the effect of “Essential” phospholipids. Arzneim Forsch (Drug Res.), 23 (11): 1538-1542.
Millar, D.S. (1981). HgCl2 inhbition of nutrient transport in teleost fish small instetine. J. Pharmacol . Exp .Ther., 216: 70-76.
Millar, D. S., Shehata, A. T. and Lerner, J. (1980). HgCl2 inhibition of D-glucose transport in Jejunal tissue from 2 days and 21 days chicks. J. Pharmacol exp. Ther., 214: 101-105.
Pearse, A. G. E. (1972). Histochemistry: Theoritical and Applied 3rd ed, Vol.2 Edinburgh churchill-livingestone.
Rana, S. V. S., Rekha, S. and Seema, V. (1995). Mercury induced lipid peroxidation in kidney, brain and gills of a fresh water fish, Channa punctatus. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology, 42 (3-4): 255-259.
Storelli, M. M., Barone, G., Garofalo, R. and Marcotrigiano, G. O.(2007). Metals and organochlorine compounds in eel. (Anguilla Anguilla)From the Lesina Lagoon, Adriatic Sea (Italy), Food Chemistry, 100:1337-1341.
Sunderland, E. M. and Chmura, G. L. (2000). An inventory of historical mercury emission in Maritime Canada: Implication for present and future contamination. The Sciences of the Total Environment, 256: 39-57.
Wallnofer, H. and Hansch, M. (1973). “Essential” phospholiphids in the treatment of hepatic disease. Medizinischemonatsschrift, 27 (3), 331-336.
Banerjee, S. and Bhatacharya, S. (1995). Histopathological changes induced by chronic nonlethal levels of the elsan, mercury and ammonia in the small intestine of Channa punctatus (Bloch). Ecotoxicol Environ. Saf.,31(1): 62-80.
Bano, Y. and Hasan, M. (1990). Histopathological lesions in the body organs of a Catish H.fossilis following Hg intoxication. J. Environ. Sc. Health B., 25 (1) : 67-85.
Bhalerao, S. (1996). Liv.52 Protection against HgCl2 toxicity in target organs of a Catfish H. Fossilis (BL.). A Histological and biochemical study. Ph.D. Thesis, Vikram University, Ujjain (M.P.).
Bhoraskar, J. and Kothari, S. (1993). Toxicity of mercury and zinc in the liver of a Catfish Clarias batrachus (Linn). In : K. S. Rao (Ed.), Recent Advances In fresh water biology. pp: 285-298. New Delhi ( India) Anmol publication.
Boudou, A. and Ribeyre, F. (1983). Contamination of a aquatic biocenoses by mercury compounds an experimental ecotoxicological approach In: J.O. Nraigu (Ed.) pp: 117-136. J. Wily, New York, Aquatic Toxicology.
Boudou, A., Delnomdedieu, M., Georges, D., Ribeyre, F. and Sqouter, E. (1991). Fundamental roles of biological barriers in mercury accumulation and transfer in fresh water ecosystem. Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 56: 807-821.
Elia, A.C., Galarini, R., Taticchi, M. I., Darr, A .J. M. and Mantilacci, L. (2003). Antitoxidant responses and bioaccumulation in Ictalurus melas under mercury exposure. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., 55.(2): 162-167.
Geed, S. and Kothari, S. (1994). Role of an indigenous drug Liv. 52 against mercuric chloride toxicity in the liver of a freshwater teleost. Heteropneustertes fossilis ( B1): A Histochemical and Histological study. Indian. J. Environ. Toxicol., 4 (2) 39-43.
Gupta, R. K. and Jain, K .L. (2007). Histopatholgical Analysis of impact of mercury and cobalt in a Telecost, Cirrhinus mrigala. NSH. Proceed of DAE-BRNS National Syposiumn Limnology ( NSL-07) Udaipur:373-375.
Jobling, M. (1995). Environmental biology of fishes. London. Champman & Hall.
Keneedy, C .I.( 2003). Uptake and accumulation of mercury from dental amalgam in the cannon goldfish Carassius auratus. Environ. Pollut., 21(3): 321-326.
Kirubagaran, R. and Joy, K. P. (1988). Toxic effects of three mercurial compound on survival and histology of the kidney of the Catfish Calarias batrachus (L.) Ecotoixcol Environ. Safety.,15:171-179.
Kothari, S. (2008). Protective action of essential phospholipids accumulation and toxicity of mercuric chloride in fish liver, In: Status of medical biotechnology research in the state of
Madhya Pradesh. Past Accomplishments. Current trends and challenges Ahead, P.K. Mishra and K.K. Maudar (Eds.) Bhopal, India MEDBIO-2008. 216-230.
Kothari, S. and Soni, R. (2002). Effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids on zinc induced disturbance in Heteropneustes fossilis intestine. Indian J. Environ. Toxicol., 2(1) 40-42.
Kothari, S. and Soni, R. (2004). Role of polyunsaturated fatty acids againt zinc sulphate toxicity in the gills of a catfish H. Fossilis (Bloch). Journal of Tissue Research, 4 (2): 253-256.
Kothari, S., Bhalerao, S. and Jat, D. (2003). Protection by herbal compound against toxic effects of mercuric chloride in fish intestine. J.Ecophysiol. Occup. Health, 3 : 51-58.
Kothari, S. Bhalerao, S. and Sharma, S. K. (1999 a). Effect of a herbal compound on mercury induced biochemical changes in the liver of Catfish, Indian J. Environ. and Toxicol., 9 (1): 30-32
Kothari, S., Pandey, C. and Mahajan, P. (1999b). Role of a drug ‘Essentiale’ against cadmium toxicity in the intestine of O Mosssambicus (Trewavas). The Fourth Indian Fisheries Forum Proceedings, 24-28: 135-137.
Kothari, S., Trivedi, A., Jat, D. and Sakade, B. (2005). Preventive action of essential phospholiphids against cadmium induced haematological changes in Hetropneustes fossilis (Bloch). Indian J. Environ. Toxicol., 15(1):6-9.
Kumar, R. M. and Kothari, S. (1990). Histological and histochemical studies in the liver of Hetropneustes fossilis(Bloch) treated with mercuric chloride. Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, Environmental Series, 3 pp: 127-132.
Kuntz, E. (1990). “Essential” phospholipids essential to the liver. Asian Medical News 12(7) 13-14.
Maros, T., Seresturum, L., Lakatos, O., Magda, T., Seresturum, and Blazsek, V. (1973). Investigations regarding the possibility of resorption of the hepatic collagen in experimental toixc cirrhosis, under the effect of “Essential” phospholipids. Arzneim Forsch (Drug Res.), 23 (11): 1538-1542.
Millar, D.S. (1981). HgCl2 inhbition of nutrient transport in teleost fish small instetine. J. Pharmacol . Exp .Ther., 216: 70-76.
Millar, D. S., Shehata, A. T. and Lerner, J. (1980). HgCl2 inhibition of D-glucose transport in Jejunal tissue from 2 days and 21 days chicks. J. Pharmacol exp. Ther., 214: 101-105.
Pearse, A. G. E. (1972). Histochemistry: Theoritical and Applied 3rd ed, Vol.2 Edinburgh churchill-livingestone.
Rana, S. V. S., Rekha, S. and Seema, V. (1995). Mercury induced lipid peroxidation in kidney, brain and gills of a fresh water fish, Channa punctatus. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology, 42 (3-4): 255-259.
Storelli, M. M., Barone, G., Garofalo, R. and Marcotrigiano, G. O.(2007). Metals and organochlorine compounds in eel. (Anguilla Anguilla)From the Lesina Lagoon, Adriatic Sea (Italy), Food Chemistry, 100:1337-1341.
Sunderland, E. M. and Chmura, G. L. (2000). An inventory of historical mercury emission in Maritime Canada: Implication for present and future contamination. The Sciences of the Total Environment, 256: 39-57.
Wallnofer, H. and Hansch, M. (1973). “Essential” phospholiphids in the treatment of hepatic disease. Medizinischemonatsschrift, 27 (3), 331-336.
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Essential phospholipids protection against mercury uptake and histopathological changes in the intestine of fish, Oreochromis mossambicus (Trewavas). (2009). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 1(2), 264-268. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v1i2.68
