Macro-ecology and biogeography of soil nematodes in Pir Panjal range of Jammu and Kashmir Himalaya, India
Article Main
Abstract
The Himalayan region holds significant ecological importance and plays a crucial role in biomonitoring ecosystems. The present study to investigate the Effects of various factors, including latitude, climate, and vegetation, on the diversity and geographic distribution patterns of soil-inhabiting nematodes in the Pir Panjal range of the Jammu and Kashmir Himalayas, India. Soil Samples were collected from forests, agricultural fields, and grasslands in temperate and subtropical regions, along an altitude gradient (1000 to 2300m) and a latitudinal gradient (33º 32 'N to 33º 48' N). A Significant variation among different vegetation types and number of genera and abundance of nematodes was determined by Regression Analysis and A one-way ANOVA followed by T test. A Correlation Coefficient Analysis between various ecological indices like Maturity Index (MI), Diversity Indices (Shannon-Weaver, Simpson, Hills N1 and N2), Trophic structure Indices (Enrichment Index, Structure Index) and latitude were performed. The Maturity Index decreased (r= -0.645) in higher latitudes, accompanied by an increase in microbial activity, indicating a less disturbed environment. The higher values of the Enrichment Index (EI) and Structure Index (SI) at lower latitudes indicated higher opportunists and an indicator of food web state, respectively. The Linear regression model showed a significant relationship between soil nematode trophic guilds and latitude and precipitation. It reflects higher nutrient mineralization and productivity in areas with higher precipitation. The highest mean value of nematode abundance in temperate region and genera in subtropical areas explains the trophic guild status.
Article Details
Article Details
Keywords
Biogeography, Diversity indices, Enrichment index, Genera richness, Soil nematodes
References
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Kalkhorana, S.S. & Ahangar, A.G. (2014). Nematode as a soil biodiversity indicator. Agricultural Advances, 67-73.
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Kharkwal, G., & Rawat, Y. S. (2010). Structure and composition of vegetation in subtropical forest of Kumaun Himalaya. African Journal of Plant Science, 116-121.
Landesman, W.J., Treonis, A.M. & Dighton, J. (2011). Effects of a one-year rainfall manipulation on soil nematode abundances and community composition. Pedobiologia, 54: 87–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedobi.2010.1 0.002.
Lavelle, P. & Spain, A.V. (2001). Soil Ecology. Kluwer Academic Publishers, New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-48162-6.
Li, J., Peng, P. & Zhao, J. (2020). Assessment of soil nematode diversity based on different taxonomic levels and functional groups. Soil Ecol. Lett. 2, 33–39. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42832-019-0019-5
Li, Y., Schuldt, A., Ebeling, A. et al. (2024). Plant diversity enhances ecosystem multifunctionality via multitrophic diversity. Nat. Ecol. Evol., 8, 2037–2047. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-024-02517-2
Liu, J., Yang, Q., Siemann, E., Huang, W. & Ding, J. Q. (2019). Latitudinal and altitudinal patterns of soil nematode communities under tallow tree (Triadica sebifera) in China. Plant Ecol., 220, 965–976. doi: 10.1007/s11258-019-00966-5.
Ma, J. Luan, H. Wang, P. Wu, X. Ye, Y. Wang, A. Ming & S. Liu (2023). Nitrogen-fixing tree species rather than tree species diversity shape soil nematode communities in subtropical plantations. Geoderma, 436 Article 11 6561, 10.1016/ j.geoderma.2023.116561.
Maraun, M., Schatz, H.& Scheu, S. (2007). Awesome or ordinary, Global diversity patterns of oribatid mites. Ecography., 30, 209–216.
Nahmani, J. &Lavelle, P. (2002). Effects of heavy metal pollution on soil macrofauna in a grassland of Northern France. European Journal of Soil Biology, 297-300. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1164-5563(02)01169.
Nicholas J. G, Marti J. Anderson, Hector T. Arita, Anne Chao, Robert K. Colwell, Sean R.Connolly, David J. Currie, Robert R. Dunn, Gary R. Graves, Jessica L. Green, John-Arvid Grytnes,Yi-Huei Jiang, Walter Jetz, S. Kathleen Lyons, Christy M. McCain, Anne E. Magurran, Carsten Rahbek,Thiago F.L.V.B. Rangel, Jorge Sobero ´n, Campbell O. Webb & Michael R. Willig. (2009). Patterns and causes of species richness: a general simulation model for Macroecology. Ecology, 12: 873–886. DOI: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01353.
Nico E. M., Bowker A, James B. Grace & Jeff R. Powell (2015). From patterns to causal understanding: Structural equation modeling (SEM) in soil ecology, Pedobiologia, 58, 2–3, 65-72, ISSN 0031-4056, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedobi.2015.03.002.
Nielsen, U. N., Ayres, E., Wall, D. H., Li, G., Bardgett, R. D., Wu, T., & Garey, J. R. (2014). Global-scale patterns of assemblage structure of soil nematodes in relation to climate and ecosystem properties. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 23, 968–978. https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.12177.
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Omid, P. & Hossein, R. S. (2015). Geographical patterns of species richness and beta diversity of Laventiinae moths (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) in two temperate biodiversity hotspots. Journal of Insect Conservation, Springer International Publishing Switzerland, 19, 729–739. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10841-015-9795-0.
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Macro-ecology and biogeography of soil nematodes in Pir Panjal range of Jammu and Kashmir Himalaya, India. (2025). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 17(4), 1509-1519. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v17i4.6787
