Assessment of heterosis and combining ability for yield and oil traits in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) contributing to the revival of India's cotton sector
Article Main
Abstract
Cotton is a major commercial crop with global importance, especially in the textile sector. Enhancing its yield and fibre quality through hybrid breeding is a key goal in crop improvement. This study was conducted during Kharif 2024 at Lovely Professional University, School of Agriculture, Genetics and Plant Breeding Research Farm in Phagwara, Punjab, to evaluate combining ability, gene action, and heterosis in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). A total of 24 F1 hybrids were developed using 10 cotton genotypes (6 lines and 4 testers) along with a standard check (G. Cot. Hy 18) in a line × tester design. Analysis of variance revealed significant variability in seed yield, boll weight, and fibre quality traits, indicating potential for improvement. Non-additive gene action was observed for seed yield, boll production, and fiber quality, whereas additive gene action was prominent for earliness traits like flowering and boll bursting. The lines 761H20 and GJHV-510, along with the tester Sanjay (CJ-73), were identified as effective general combiners for seed yield, boll weight, and fiber quality. Among the hybrids, 761H20 × V-797, GJHV-503 × Guj. Cot.-15, and 761H20 × Deviraj stood out as the top performers, exhibiting strong performance, high SCA effects, and improved heterosis for yield and fiber traits. Additionally, the hybrid GJC-101 × V-797 showed excellent performance in boll production and weight. These hybrids have strong potential for commercial through heterosis breeding.. The variance ratio (σ²GCA/σ²SCA) being less than one confirmed the predominance of non-additive gene action. This study provides insights for developing superior cotton hybrids.
Article Details
Article Details
Keywords
Combining ability, Cotton, Earliness, Gene action, Heterosis, Hybridization, Yield
References
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Amna, Shakeel, A., Farooq, M., & Xia, Y. (2023). Combining ability and heterosis for seed cotton yield, its components, and quality traits in Gossypium hirsutum L. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Research, 36(3), 209-218.
Ali, S. A., & Hussain, M. (2024). Heterosis and combining ability studies for yield and quality traits in cotton. Field Crops Research, 275, 82-90.
Bhimireddy, S., Sivakami, R., Premalatha, N., Manikanda, B. N., Thirukumaran, K., & Manivannan,
(2023). Combining ability and gene action studies for yield and fibre traits in Gossypium arboreum using Griffing's numerical and Hayman' graphical approach. Journal of Cotton Research, 6(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2863320/v1
Bilwal, B. B., Vadodariya, K. V., Rajkumar, B. K., Lahane, G. R., & Shihare, N. D. (2018).
Combining ability analysis for seed cotton yield and its component traits in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 7(7), 3005–3010. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.707.351
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Keerthivarman, K., Mahalingam, L., Premalatha, N., Boopathi, N. M., Senguttuvan, K., & Manivannan, A. (2022). Combining ability and heterosis studies in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) for yield and fibre quality traits. Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding, 13(2), 697-704.
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Madugula, S. R., Chapara, R., Reddy, K. S., Lakshmi, B. S., & Pranaya, J. (2023). Combining ability and heterosis studies for seed cotton yield and fibre quality traits in cotton. Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding, 14(2), 439-447. https://doi.org/10.37992/2023.1402.044
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Rakesh, S., Ganvit., Kamleshkumar, N., Chaudhari., Rajesh, J., Panchal., Hardik, R. Patel., & Ashita Patel. (2024). Combining ability and gene action studies for yield and its component traits over different environments in cotton (G. hirsutum L.), Biological Forum, 16(4), 154-165.
Rao, N. S., Sireesha, E., Kumar, D. S., & Kumari, C. R. (2024). A front-line demonstration on integrated pest management in cotton with special reference to pink boll worm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) and its economic analysis under farmer’s field conditions. International Journal of Advanced Biochemistry Research, 8(2),
297–300. https://doi.org/10.33545/26174693.2024.v 8.i2d.592
Richika, R., Rajeswari, S., Premalatha, N., & Thirukumaran, K. (2021). Heterosis and combining ability analysis for yield contributing traits and fibre quality traits in interspecific cotton hybrids (Gossypium hirsutum L. x Gossypium barbadense L.). Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding, 12(3), 934-940.
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Singh, A. K., & Kumar, S. (2024). Evaluation of combining ability for yield and fiber quality traits in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding, 15(1), 22-30.
Singh, R.K., & Chaudhary, B.D. (1985). Biometrical Methods in Quantitative Genetic Analysis. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.
Singh, R.K., & Chaudhary, B.D., (1977). Biometrical methods in quantitative genetic analysis. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.
Solangi, A. H., Kayande, N. V., & Shinde, J. V. (2025). Combining ability study for seed cotton yield and attributing traits in american cotton (Gossypium hirustum L.). International Journal of Advanced Biochemistry Research, 9(3), 275-279 .https://doi.org/10.33545/26174 693.2025.v9.i3Sd.3948
Venkatesan, T., Anandan, K., Hari Ramakrishnan, S., Nallathambi, P., & Ramadoss, B. R. (2024). Genetic variability of Asiatic cotton (Gossypium arboreum L.) germplasm for yield and surgical cotton properties. Industrial Crops and Products, 219, 119065.
Vanapariya, S. J., Faldu, G. O., Patel, R. R., Viradiya, B. R., & Rana, V. B. (2024) Combining ability and gene action analysis in intraspecific hybrids of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Plant Archives, 24(1), 1195-1202.https://doi.org/10.51470/PLANTARCHIVES.2024.v24.no.1.166.
Zhang, L., Sun, H., & Wang, X. (2024). Combining ability and heterosis analysis for seed cotton yield and fiber quality traits in Gossypium hirsutum. Industrial Crops and Products, 206, 1-9.
cotton crosses using line × tester analysis. Agricultural Research Journal, 58(4), 456 –463. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870‑022‑03839‑8.
Amna, Shakeel, A., Farooq, M., & Xia, Y. (2023). Combining ability and heterosis for seed cotton yield, its components, and quality traits in Gossypium hirsutum L. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Research, 36(3), 209-218.
Ali, S. A., & Hussain, M. (2024). Heterosis and combining ability studies for yield and quality traits in cotton. Field Crops Research, 275, 82-90.
Bhimireddy, S., Sivakami, R., Premalatha, N., Manikanda, B. N., Thirukumaran, K., & Manivannan,
(2023). Combining ability and gene action studies for yield and fibre traits in Gossypium arboreum using Griffing's numerical and Hayman' graphical approach. Journal of Cotton Research, 6(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2863320/v1
Bilwal, B. B., Vadodariya, K. V., Rajkumar, B. K., Lahane, G. R., & Shihare, N. D. (2018).
Combining ability analysis for seed cotton yield and its component traits in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 7(7), 3005–3010. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.707.351
Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Department of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare, Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare, Government of India. (2023). Cotton statistics
Faldu, G. O., Sanghani, A. O., Parmar, N., Ramani, H. R., & Patel, R. R. (2024). Heterosis for yield related traits, fiber quality traits and biochemical parameter in cotton [Gossypium hirsutum (L.)]. International Journal of Advanced Bio chemistry Research, 8(8), 255 -259. https://doi.org/10.33545/26174693.2024.v8.i8d.1792.
Fonseca, S., & Peterson, F.L. (1968). Hybrid vigour in a seven parent diallel crosses in common winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Crop Science, 8(1), 85- 88. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1968.0011183X000800010025x.
Hamed, H. H., & Said, S. R. N. (2021). Estimation of heterosis and combining ability for yield and fiber quality traits by using line x tester analysis in cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.). Menoufia Journal of Plant Production, 6(1), 35-51.
Hamed, M., Darwesh, A. E. I., Elfeki, F. E., Mahmoud, B. A., El-Twab, A., & Mohamed, R. (2024). Estimation of combining ability, heterosis, and heritability for some yield, yield components and fiber quality traits in cottons (Gossypium barbadense L.). Menoufia Journal of Plant Production, 9(8), 285-300.
Hussain, N., Abbas, A., Hammad, M., Rehman, A., Ali, T., Ashraf, S., & Javed, M. (2023). Combining ability and heterosis estimates for traits in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Journal of Plant Breeding, 12(1), 45–55.
Keerthivarman, K., Mahalingam, L., Premalatha, N., Boopathi, N. M., Senguttuvan, K., & Manivannan, A. (2022). Combining ability and heterosis studies in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) for yield and fibre quality traits. Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding, 13(2), 697-704.
Kempthrone, O. (1957). An Introduction to Genetics Statistics. John Willey and Sons. New York. pp. 453-471.
Khan, M. M., & Ahmad, N. (2024). Genetic analysis of cotton yield and fiber traits using diallel cross. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 59(1), 65-74.
Madugula, S. R., Chapara, R., Reddy, K. S., Lakshmi, B. S., & Pranaya, J. (2023). Combining ability and heterosis studies for seed cotton yield and fibre quality traits in cotton. Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding, 14(2), 439-447. https://doi.org/10.37992/2023.1402.044
Malathi, S., Patil, R. S., & Shankarappa, S. H. (2019). Heterosis studies in interspecific cotton hybrids (Gossypium hirsutum L. × Gossypium barbadense L.) under irrigated condition. Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding, 10(2), 852–858.
Panse, V. G., & Sukhatme, P.V. (1985). Statistical methods for agricultural research. ICAR, New Delhi, 8, 308-318.
Patel, A., Chaudhari, K. N., Fladu, G. O., Patel, S., Mahla, J. S., Prajapati, M. R., & Patel, D. P.
(2024). Heterosis and Inbreeding Depression Studies for Fibre Quality Traits in Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology, 27(9), 477-484. https://doi.org/10.9734/jabb/2024/v27i91319.
Rakesh, Choudhary., Solanki, B. G., Navin Chander Gahtyari., Tapas Paul and Patel, D. M. (2016). Heterosis in single cross inter and intra-specific hybrids of Desi cotton (Gossipium arboreum and G. herbaceaum) for their seed cotton yield, fibre quality and seed oil content. Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 8(3), 1356-1365.
Rakesh, S., Ganvit., Kamleshkumar, N., Chaudhari., Rajesh, J., Panchal., Hardik, R. Patel., & Ashita Patel. (2024). Combining ability and gene action studies for yield and its component traits over different environments in cotton (G. hirsutum L.), Biological Forum, 16(4), 154-165.
Rao, N. S., Sireesha, E., Kumar, D. S., & Kumari, C. R. (2024). A front-line demonstration on integrated pest management in cotton with special reference to pink boll worm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) and its economic analysis under farmer’s field conditions. International Journal of Advanced Biochemistry Research, 8(2),
297–300. https://doi.org/10.33545/26174693.2024.v 8.i2d.592
Richika, R., Rajeswari, S., Premalatha, N., & Thirukumaran, K. (2021). Heterosis and combining ability analysis for yield contributing traits and fibre quality traits in interspecific cotton hybrids (Gossypium hirsutum L. x Gossypium barbadense L.). Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding, 12(3), 934-940.
Shahzad, K., Iqra, M., Zhang, M., Zhang, X., Wu, J., & Xing, C. (2022). Progress and perspective on cotton breeding in Pakistan. Journal of Cotton Research, 5(29). https://doi.org/10.1186/s42397-022-00137-4.
Singh, A. K., & Kumar, S. (2024). Evaluation of combining ability for yield and fiber quality traits in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding, 15(1), 22-30.
Singh, R.K., & Chaudhary, B.D. (1985). Biometrical Methods in Quantitative Genetic Analysis. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.
Singh, R.K., & Chaudhary, B.D., (1977). Biometrical methods in quantitative genetic analysis. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.
Solangi, A. H., Kayande, N. V., & Shinde, J. V. (2025). Combining ability study for seed cotton yield and attributing traits in american cotton (Gossypium hirustum L.). International Journal of Advanced Biochemistry Research, 9(3), 275-279 .https://doi.org/10.33545/26174 693.2025.v9.i3Sd.3948
Venkatesan, T., Anandan, K., Hari Ramakrishnan, S., Nallathambi, P., & Ramadoss, B. R. (2024). Genetic variability of Asiatic cotton (Gossypium arboreum L.) germplasm for yield and surgical cotton properties. Industrial Crops and Products, 219, 119065.
Vanapariya, S. J., Faldu, G. O., Patel, R. R., Viradiya, B. R., & Rana, V. B. (2024) Combining ability and gene action analysis in intraspecific hybrids of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Plant Archives, 24(1), 1195-1202.https://doi.org/10.51470/PLANTARCHIVES.2024.v24.no.1.166.
Zhang, L., Sun, H., & Wang, X. (2024). Combining ability and heterosis analysis for seed cotton yield and fiber quality traits in Gossypium hirsutum. Industrial Crops and Products, 206, 1-9.
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Assessment of heterosis and combining ability for yield and oil traits in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) contributing to the revival of India’s cotton sector. (2025). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 17(3), 1227-1239. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v17i3.6762
