Reporting a new ciliate, Hemiurosomoida linea n.sp. from a freshwater pond of Rajghat, Delhi, India
Article Main
Abstract
Hemiurosomoida was established as a new genus by Singh and Kamra in 2015 based on its morphology, morphogenesis and molecular analysis. Based on their morphology, the members of this genus were earlier erroneously placed in the genus Oxytricha, then shifted to another genus Urosomoida, before establishing the new genus Hemiurosomoida. However, a detailed molecular analysis based on small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) showed that the members of this genus are rather placed far apart from the other two genera in the phylogenetic tree. Therefore, they are now placed in a new genus Hemiurosomoida. To date, four species of this genus have been reported, viz. H. longa, H. warreni, H. tibetensis and H. koreana. In the present investigation, a new freshwater species, Hemiurosomoida linea n. sp. was reported from a freshwater pond located in Rajghat, Delhi, India. Diagnostic features of H. linea include- a flexible body with an average size of 81x18 µm (protargol stained cells); narrowly elongated cells with a rounded anterior end and a tapering posterior end; the presence of 2 macronuclear nodules and 2 micronuclei; the presence of only 17 Frontal-Ventral-Transverse (F1-8, V1-5, T1-4) cirri, the transverse cirri (T1-4) being arranged in a linear row; four dorsal rows of bristles (DK1-3 and DM1); 2 caudal cirri; an average of 19 adoral membranelles; 17 right marginal and 17 left marginal cirri; no fragmentation of DP3; a flat and narrow buccal cavity, and undulating membranes (UMs) in typical Oxytricha pattern. Thus, this study has unravelled and confirmed that H. linea was a new species and helped expand the knowledge base of ciliate biodiversity in India.
Article Details
Article Details
Keywords
Ciliates, Hemiurosomoida, Morphogenesis, Morphology, Urosomoididae
References
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Chapman-Andersen, C. (1958). Pinocytosis of inorganic salts by Amoeba proteus (Chaos diffluens). C R Trav Lab Carlsberg Chim, 31 (6), 77-92. PMID: 13639534. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejop.2019.01.002
Chen, L.Y., Dong, J., Wu, W., Xin, Y., Warren, A., Ning, Y. & Zhao, Y. (2020). Morphology and molecular phylogeny of a new hypotrichciliate, Anteholosticha songi nov. spec., and an American population of Holosticha pullaster (Müller, 1773) Foissner et al., 1991 (Ciliophora, Hypotrichia). Eur. J. Protistol., 72, 125646. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejop.2019.125646
Chen, L., Liu, Y., Long, Y., Lyu, J., Feng, C., Ning, Y. & Yi, Z. (2021). Morphology and molecular phylogeny of two new soil ciliates, Hemiurosomoida warreni nov. spec. and Hemiurosoma clampi nov. spec. (Ciliophora, Hypotrichia) from Tibet. Eur. J. Protistol., 77, 125746. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejop.2020.125746
Doflein F. (1901). Die Protozoen als Parasiten und Krankheitserreger Nach Biologischen Gesichtspunkten Dargestellt. Waldachtal: Fischer.
Dong, J., Li, L., Fan, X., Ma, H. & Warren, A. (2020). Two Urosoma species (Ciliophora, Hypotrichia): A multidisciplinary approach provides new insights into their ultrastructure and systematics. Eur. J. Protistol., 72, 125661. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejop.2019.125661
Foissner, W., Blatterer, H., Berger, H & Kohmann, F. (1991). Taxonomische und ökologische Revision der Ciliaten des Saprobien systems. Band I: Cyrtophorida, Oligotrichida, Hypotrichia, Colpodea. Bayerisches Landesamt für Wasserwirtschaft, Deggendorf, Germany, https://www.protozoology.com/ciliateatlas-I/index.html
Foissner, W. (2016). Terrestrial and semiterrestrial ciliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora) from Venezuela and Galápagos. Denisia, 35, 1–912. https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/DENISIA_0035_0001-0912.pdf
Foissner, W. & Stoeck, T. (2011) Cotterillia bromelicola nov. gen., nov. spec., a gonostomatid ciliate (Ciliophora, Hypotricha) from tank bromeliads (Bromeliaceae) with de novo originating dorsal kineties. Eur. J. Protistol., 47, 29-50. https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ejop.2010.08.003
Ganner, B., Foissner, W. & Adam, H. (1987). Morphogenetic and biometric comparison of four populations of Urosomoida agiliformis (Ciliophora, Hypotrichida). Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool. Paris 8, 199-207. https://www.wfoissner.at/data_prot/Ganner_etal_1987_199-207.pdf
Gelei, J. & Szabados, M. (1950). Massenproduktion in einer Stadtiseen Regenwasserpfutze. Ann. Boil. Univ. Szeged., 1, 249-294.
Hemberger, H. (1985). Neue Gattungen und Artenhypotricher Ciliaten (English: New genera and species of Hypotrichid ciliates). Archiv für Protistenkunde, 130, 397-417. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-9365(85)80051-8
Hu, X., Lin, X. & Song, W. (2019). Ciliate Atlas: Species Found in the South China Sea. Beijing: Science Press. doi: 10.1021/bk-1999-0734.ch008
Kamra, K. & Sapra, G. R. (1990). Partial retention of parental ciliature during morphogenesis of the ciliate Coniculostomummonilata (Dragesco & Njiné, 1971) Njiné, 1978 (Oxytrichidae, Hypotrichida). Eur J Protistol., 25(3), 264-278. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0932-4739(11)80179-3
Kouser, F., Song, W., Jiang, L., Zhuang, W., Wang, C., Wu, T. & Hu, X. (2022). Taxonomy and phylogeny of two spirotrichean ciliates (Alveolata, Protista, and Ciliophora) from a plateau saline-alkaline lake in Tibet, China, including a description of a new species. Front. Mar. Sci., 9, 836341. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.836341
Küppers, G. C., da Silva Paiva, T., do Nascimento Borges, B., Lúcia Harada, M., González Garraza, G. & Mataloni, G. (2011). An Antarctic hypotrichous ciliate, Parasterkiella thompsoni (Foissner) nov. gen., nov. comb., recorded in Argentinean peat-bogs: morphology, morphogenesis, and molecular phylogeny. Eur. J. Protistol., 47, 103–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejop.2011.01.002
Li, S., Zhuang, W., Pérez-Uz, B., Zhang, Q. & Hu, X. (2021). Two anaerobic ciliates (Ciliophora, Armophorea) from China: morphology and SSU rDNA sequence, with report of a new species, Metopus paravestitus nov. spec. J. Eukaryot. Microbiol., 68, e12822. https://doi.org/10.1111/jeu.12822
Lian, C., Wang, Y., Li, L., Al-Rasheid, K. A. S., Jiang, J. & Song, W. (2020). Taxonomy and SSU rDNA-based phylogeny of three new Euplotes species (Protozoa, Ciliophora) from China seas. J. King Saud Univ. Sci., 32, 1286–1292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksus.2019.11.013
Lu, X., Wang, Y., Al-Farraj, S. A., El-Serehy, H., Huang, J. & Shao, C. (2020). The insights into the systematic relationship of Gastrostyla-affinitive genera, with report on a new saline soil ciliate genus and new species (Protozoa. Ciliophora). BMC Evol. Biol., 20, 92. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-020-01659-8
Martin, J. (1982). Évolution des patrons morphogénétiquesetphylogenése dans le sous–ordre des Sporadotrichina (Ciliophora, Hypotrichida) (English: Evolution of morphogenetic patterns and phylogeny in the suborder Sporadotrichina (Ciliophora, Hypotrichida)). Protistologica, 18, 431-447. http://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=PASCALZOOLINEINRA8 3X0270552
Omar A., Moon, J.H. & Jung J. (2024). Morphology and molecular phylogeny of two hypotrichous ciliates (Ciliophora, Spirotrichea) from South Korea, including Hemiurosomoida koreana n. sp. Eur J Protistol., 92, 126045. doi.org/10.1016/j.ejop.2023.126045
Paiva, T. da S. (2020). Systematic redefinition of the Hypotricha (Alveolata, Ciliophora) based on combined analyses of morphological and molecular characters. Protist, 171, 125755. DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2020.125755
Park, K. M., Jung, J. H., Kim, J. H., Min, G. S. & Kim, S. (2020). Morphology, morphogenesis, and molecular phylogeny of a new freshwater ciliate, Gonostomum jangbogoensis n. sp. (Ciliophora, Hypotricha), from Victoria Land, Antarctica. Eur. J. Protistol., 73, 125669. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejop.2019.125669
Pringsheim, E. G. (Ed.) (1964). Pure cultures of Algae, Their Preparation and Maintenance. Hafner Publishing Co, New York and London.
Shao, C., Song, W., Al-Rasheid, K.A.S. & Berger, H. (2012). Redefinition and reassignment of the 18-cirri genera Hemigas-trostyla, Oxytricha, Urosomoida, and Actinotricha (Ciliophora, Hypotricha), and description of one new genus and two new species. Acta Protozool., 50, 263–287. https://doi.org/10.4467/16890027AP.11.025.0062
Shao, C., Chen, X. & Jiang, J. (2020). Hypotrichous Ciliates in China. Beijing: Science Press.
Singh, J. & Kamra, K. (2015). Molecular phylogeny of Urosomoidaagilis, and new combinations: Hemiurosomoida longa gen. nov., comb. nov., and Heterourosomoida lanceolatagen. nov., comb. nov. (Ciliophora, Hypotricha). Eur. J. Protistol., 51, 55–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejop.2014.11.005
Small E. B. & Lynn, D. H. (1985). Phylum Ciliophora, Dolfein 1901 Pp. 393–575 in J. J. Lee, S. H. Hutner, and E. C. Bovee, eds. An illustrated guide to the Protozoa. Society of Protozoologists, Lawrence, Kansas 66044, USA.
Song, W.B. & Shao, C. (2017). Ontogenetic Patterns of Hypotrich Ciliates. Science Press, Beijing, pp 498 (in Chinese).
Stein, F. (1859). Der organismus der infusionsthiere nach eigenen forschungen in systematischer reihenfolge bearbeitet. I abtheilung. Allgemeiner theil und naturgeschichte der hypotrichen infusionsthiere. W. Engelemann, Leipzig. I-XII, 206 p, Tafeln I-XIV.
Wallengren, H. (1901) Zur Kenntnis der VergleichendenMorphologie der HypotrichenInfusorien (English: Towards knowledge of the Comparative Morphology of the Hypotrichous infusoria). Bihang Till Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar (Stockholm), Band 26, Afdelning IV(2), 1-31. https://www.biodiver sitylibrary.org/item/48736#page/39/mod e/1up
Wang, Z., Bourland, W. A., Zhou, T., Yang, H., Zhang, C. & Gu, Z. (2020). Morphological and molecular characterization of two Trichodina (Ciliophora, Peritrichia) species from freshwater fishes in China. Eur. J. Protistol., 72, 125647. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejop.2019.125647
Wang, J., Zhang, T., Li, F., Warren, A., Li, Y. & Shao, C. (2021). A new hypotrich ciliate, Oxytricha xianica sp. nov., with notes on the morphology and phylogeny of a Chinese population of Oxytricha auripunctata Blatterer & Foissner, 1988 (Ciliophora, Oxytrichidae). Mar. Life Sci. Technol., 3, 303–312. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42995-020-00089-1
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How to Cite
Reporting a new ciliate, Hemiurosomoida linea n.sp. from a freshwater pond of Rajghat, Delhi, India. (2025). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 17(2), 767-774. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v17i2.6547
