Development of nutritional Spread (ready-to-serve food) from Cucumis callosus: Impact on physicochemical, nutritional, and sensory attributes during storage
Article Main
Abstract
Nutrient deficiency disorders due to malnutrition are rapidly increasing and are associated with numerous co-morbidities. In such a scenario, developing functional food and value-added products from pharmacologically, nutritionally, and therapeutically rich plants is essential. Hence, the present study aimed to develop a nutritionally rich and healthier functional food, i.e., spread from Cucumis callosus (CA) by blending with Malus domestica (MD). Various blends were prepared manually for MD: CA, i.e., C (100:0), T1 (50:50), T2 (25:75), and T3 (0:100). The developed Spread was stored at room temperature and further evaluated for nutritional, sensory, and shelf-life attributes for three months. The developed product indicated that the blending and storage period had a significant (p<0.05) impact on nutritional parameters. The TSS (68.22±0.06 to 69.83±0.050Bx), pH (3.24±0.13 to 4.97±0.00), titrable acidity (1.18±0.08 to 1.66±0.12%), pectin (0.28±0.02 to 0.83±0.03%), β-carotene (2.07±0.02 to 3.00±0.02mg/100gm), vitamin A (3.45±0.03 to 4.98±0.06 I.U.), anthocyanin (1.29±0.38 to 1.71±0.08mg/100gm), reducing sugar (19.88±0.18 to 27.73±0.24%), total sugar (55.01±0.10 to 60.14±0.07%), non-reducing sugar (30.30±0.63 to 34.44±0.15%), moisture (45.17±0.03 to 57.05±0.11%), and ash (0.50±0.02 to 0.56±0.01%) varied significantly. In terms of sensory evaluation, all the blends showed non-significant differences. However, the spread T3 (100% CA pulp) received the highest score, indicating its high sensory acceptability. This indicates that CA can be utilized to develop intermediate moisture food products, i.e., spread with nutritional richness and sensory acceptability.
Article Details
Article Details
Keywords
Cucumis callosus, Spread, Proximate composition, Shelf-life, Sensory evaluation
References
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Bekele, M., Satheesh, N., & J.A, S. (2020). Screening of Ethiopian mango cultivars for suitability for preparing jam and determination of pectin, sugar, and acid effects on physico-chemical and sensory properties of mango jam. Scientific African, 7, e00277. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2020.e00277
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Deepika, Kumari, A., Kapoor, A., Saini, S., Saxena, S., & Sarita. (2024). Traditional underutilized fruits of Himalaya: A review. Food and Humanity, 2, 100269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foohum.2024.100269
Deepika, Kumari, A., Prajapati, P., Sarita, Kumar, S., Aluko, R. E., Singh, S., & Garg, M. (2023). Pharmacological and therapeutic potential of Cucumis callosus: a Novel Nutritional Powerhouse for the Management of Non-communicable Diseases. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 78(4), 630–642. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11130-023-01098-y
Deepika, Sarita, & Kumari, A. (2023). Nutritional, Shelf-Life, and Sensory Evaluation of Cucumis callosus Based Optimized Syrup. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11130-023-01124-z
Deepika, Shukla, A. K., Kumari, A., & Kumar, A. (2023). Gut brain regulation using psychobiotics for improved neuropsychological illness. Developmental Psychobiology, 65(5). https://doi.org/10.1002/dev.22404
Gupta, E., Purwar, S., Jaiswal, P., Chaturvedi, R., & Rai, G. K. (2016). Sensory Evaluation and Nutritional Composition of Developed Papaya-Gooseberry Jam. Food and Nutrition Sciences, 07(07), 600–608. https://doi.org/10.4236/fns.2016.77061
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Kannaujiya Ankit, Bunkar DS, Rai DC, Singh Pratap Uday, & Patel Vikas. (2018). Process optimization for the development of papaya candy and its shelf-life evaluation. The Pharma Innovation Journal, 7(4), 80–85.
Kapoor, M., Sharma, C., Kaur, N., Kaur, G., Kaur, R., Batra, K., & Rani, J. (2021). Phyto-Pharmacological Aspects of Cucumis melo var. agrestis: A Systematic Review. Pharmacognosy Reviews, 14(27), 28–32. https://doi.org/10.5530/phrev.2020.14.5
Kumar, S. , P. F. , G. S. , & C. A. (2008). Indigenous herbal coolants for combating heat stress in the hot Indian Arid Zone. . Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge , 7(4), 679–682.
Larmond E (1977) Laboratory Methods for Sensory Evaluation of Food. Research Branch, Canada Department of Agriculture Publication No. 1637:19-63.
Mishra, S., Gupta, P., Srivastava, S., Gaur, Y. K., & Singh, R. B. (2024). Nutritional management in heart failure. In Pathophysiology, Risk Factors, and Management of Chronic Heart Failure (pp. 279–291). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-822972-9.00042-0
Panda S, C. M. M. P. M. S. D. S. H. P. (2016). Antidiabetic, Antioxidant and Anti-Hyperlipidaemic Activity of Cucumis callosus in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. . International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 7(5), 1978–1984.
Panwar, N., Pradheep, K., Bhatt, K., & Deswal, R. (2014). Ethnobotany of a threatened medicinal plant “Indravan” ( Cucumis callosus ) from central India. Medicinal Plants - International Journal of Phytomedicines and Related Industries, 6(4), 307. https://doi.org/10.5958/0975-6892.2014.00022.7
Patel, M. R., & Panwar, N. L. (2022). Drying kinetics, quality assessment and socio environmental evaluation of solar dried underutilized arid vegetable Cucumis callosus. Energy Nexus, 7, 100128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nexus.2022.100128
Rafique, N., Mamoona, T., Ashraf, N., Hussain, S., Ahmed, F., Ali Shah, T., Salamatullah, A. M., Mekonnen, A. B., & Bourhia, M. (2023). Exploring the nutritional and sensory potential of karonda fruit: Physicochemical properties, jam production, and quality evaluation. Food Science & Nutrition, 11(11), 6931–6944. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.3619
Ranganna S (2017) Handbook of analysis and quality control for fruit and vegetable products. Tata McGraw-Hill Education
Samuel, P. O., Edo, G. I., Emakpor, O. L., Oloni, G. O., Ezekiel, G. O., Essaghah, A. E. A., Agoh, E., & Agbo, J. J. (2024). Lifestyle modifications for preventing and managing cardiovascular diseases. Sport Sciences for Health, 20(1), 23–36. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11332-023-01118-z
Sarita, Deepika, Kumari, A., Kumar, S., Singh, S., & Singh, C. (2024). Compositional and shelf-life analysis of developed instant Indian recipe chilla mix from hull-less barley: A convenience food product. Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 16(2), 495–502. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v16i2.5403
Shivani, Banyal, S., Kumari, A., Sharma, S. P., & Dhaliwal, Y. S. (2022). Effect of varieties and storage on the quality parameters of nectarine (Prunus persica)-based intermediate moisture food (IMF) products. Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 14(1), 216–224. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v14i1.3299
Srivastava RP and Kumar S (2003) Fruit and vegetable preservation. Principles and practices. International book distributing company. Lucknow, U.P. (India)
Tena, N., Martín, J., & Asuero, A. G. (2020). State of the Art of Anthocyanins: Antioxidant Activity, Sources, Bioavailability, and Therapeutic Effect in Human Health. Antioxidants, 9(5), 451. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9050451
Wan-Mohtar, W. A. A. Q. I., Abdul Halim-Lim, S., Pillai Balamurugan, J., Mohd Saad, M. Z., Azizan, N. A. Z., Jamaludin, A. A., & Ilham, Z. (2021). Effect of Sugar-Pectin-Citric Acid Pre-Commercialization Formulation on the Physicochemical, Sensory, and Shelf-Life Properties of Musa cavendish Banana Jam. Sains Malaysiana, 50(5), 1329–1342. https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2021-5005-13
Wasihun, A. A., Berhe, G. G., Sbhatu, D. B., Abay, K. H., & Gebreyohannes, G. (2023). Quality Jam from Baobab (Adansonia digitata L) Fruit Pulp Powder: Formulation and Evaluation of Its Physicochemical and Nutritional Properties. Journal of Food Quality, 2023, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8816256
Yadav, J. P., Singh, A. K., Grishina, M., Pathak, P., & Patel, D. K. (2022). Cucumis melo Var. agrestis Naudin as a potent antidiabetic: Investigation via experimental methods. Phytomedicine Plus, 2(4), 100340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phyplu.2022.100340
Zulfiqar, H., Hussain, A. I., Ali, Q., Rathore, H. A., & Ahmed, I. (2024). Phenolic profile, nutritional potential and biological activities of wildly grown accessions of Cucumis melo var. Agrestis. Journal of King Saud University - Science, 36(7), 103276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103276
Kumari, A. & Dhaliwal, Y. (2017). A Study on Nutritional Composition and Value Addition of Crab Apple (Malus baccata). American Journal of Food Science and Technology, 5(1), 19–22.
AOAC (2000) Official Methods of Analysis. 17th Edition, The Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
Aziz, T., Hussain, N., Hameed, Z., & Lin, L. (2024). Elucidating the role of diet in maintaining gut health to reduce the risk of obesity, cardiovascular and other age-related inflammatory diseases: recent challenges and future recommendations. Gut Microbes, 16(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/19490976.2023.2297864
Banaś, A., Korus, A., & Korus, J. (2018). Texture, Color, and Sensory Features of Low-Sugar Gooseberry Jams Enriched with Plant Ingredients with Prohealth Properties. Journal of Food Quality, 2018, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/1646894
Bekele, M., Satheesh, N., & J.A, S. (2020). Screening of Ethiopian mango cultivars for suitability for preparing jam and determination of pectin, sugar, and acid effects on physico-chemical and sensory properties of mango jam. Scientific African, 7, e00277. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2020.e00277
Bursać Kovačević, D., Brdar, D., Fabečić, P., Barba, F. J., Lorenzo, J. M., & Putnik, P. (2020). Strategies to achieve a healthy and balanced diet: fruits and vegetables as a natural source of bioactive compounds. In Agri-Food Industry Strategies for Healthy Diets and Sustainability (pp. 51–88). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-817226-1.00002-3
Choudhary, S. S., Panigrahi, P. N., Dhara, S. K., Sahoo, M., Dan, A., Thakur, N., Jacob, A., & Dey, S. (2023). Cucumis callosus (Rottl.) Cogn. fruit extract ameliorates calcium oxalate urolithiasis in ethylene glycol induced hyperoxaluric Rat model. Heliyon, 9(3), e14043. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14043
Chowdhury, M. R. K., Khan, H. T. A., Rashid, M., Kabir, R., Islam, S., Shariful Islam, M., & Kader, M. (2021). Differences in risk factors associated with single and multiple concurrent forms of undernutrition (stunting, wasting or underweight) among children under 5 in Bangladesh: a nationally representative cross-sectional study. BMJ Open, 11(12), e052814. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052814
Deepika, Kumari, A., Kapoor, A., Saini, S., Saxena, S., & Sarita. (2024). Traditional underutilized fruits of Himalaya: A review. Food and Humanity, 2, 100269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foohum.2024.100269
Deepika, Kumari, A., Prajapati, P., Sarita, Kumar, S., Aluko, R. E., Singh, S., & Garg, M. (2023). Pharmacological and therapeutic potential of Cucumis callosus: a Novel Nutritional Powerhouse for the Management of Non-communicable Diseases. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 78(4), 630–642. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11130-023-01098-y
Deepika, Sarita, & Kumari, A. (2023). Nutritional, Shelf-Life, and Sensory Evaluation of Cucumis callosus Based Optimized Syrup. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11130-023-01124-z
Deepika, Shukla, A. K., Kumari, A., & Kumar, A. (2023). Gut brain regulation using psychobiotics for improved neuropsychological illness. Developmental Psychobiology, 65(5). https://doi.org/10.1002/dev.22404
Gupta, E., Purwar, S., Jaiswal, P., Chaturvedi, R., & Rai, G. K. (2016). Sensory Evaluation and Nutritional Composition of Developed Papaya-Gooseberry Jam. Food and Nutrition Sciences, 07(07), 600–608. https://doi.org/10.4236/fns.2016.77061
https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/themes/topics/joint-child-malnutrition-estimates-unicef-who-wb. (n.d.).
https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/302. (n.d.).
Kannaujiya Ankit, Bunkar DS, Rai DC, Singh Pratap Uday, & Patel Vikas. (2018). Process optimization for the development of papaya candy and its shelf-life evaluation. The Pharma Innovation Journal, 7(4), 80–85.
Kapoor, M., Sharma, C., Kaur, N., Kaur, G., Kaur, R., Batra, K., & Rani, J. (2021). Phyto-Pharmacological Aspects of Cucumis melo var. agrestis: A Systematic Review. Pharmacognosy Reviews, 14(27), 28–32. https://doi.org/10.5530/phrev.2020.14.5
Kumar, S. , P. F. , G. S. , & C. A. (2008). Indigenous herbal coolants for combating heat stress in the hot Indian Arid Zone. . Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge , 7(4), 679–682.
Larmond E (1977) Laboratory Methods for Sensory Evaluation of Food. Research Branch, Canada Department of Agriculture Publication No. 1637:19-63.
Mishra, S., Gupta, P., Srivastava, S., Gaur, Y. K., & Singh, R. B. (2024). Nutritional management in heart failure. In Pathophysiology, Risk Factors, and Management of Chronic Heart Failure (pp. 279–291). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-822972-9.00042-0
Panda S, C. M. M. P. M. S. D. S. H. P. (2016). Antidiabetic, Antioxidant and Anti-Hyperlipidaemic Activity of Cucumis callosus in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. . International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 7(5), 1978–1984.
Panwar, N., Pradheep, K., Bhatt, K., & Deswal, R. (2014). Ethnobotany of a threatened medicinal plant “Indravan” ( Cucumis callosus ) from central India. Medicinal Plants - International Journal of Phytomedicines and Related Industries, 6(4), 307. https://doi.org/10.5958/0975-6892.2014.00022.7
Patel, M. R., & Panwar, N. L. (2022). Drying kinetics, quality assessment and socio environmental evaluation of solar dried underutilized arid vegetable Cucumis callosus. Energy Nexus, 7, 100128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nexus.2022.100128
Rafique, N., Mamoona, T., Ashraf, N., Hussain, S., Ahmed, F., Ali Shah, T., Salamatullah, A. M., Mekonnen, A. B., & Bourhia, M. (2023). Exploring the nutritional and sensory potential of karonda fruit: Physicochemical properties, jam production, and quality evaluation. Food Science & Nutrition, 11(11), 6931–6944. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.3619
Ranganna S (2017) Handbook of analysis and quality control for fruit and vegetable products. Tata McGraw-Hill Education
Samuel, P. O., Edo, G. I., Emakpor, O. L., Oloni, G. O., Ezekiel, G. O., Essaghah, A. E. A., Agoh, E., & Agbo, J. J. (2024). Lifestyle modifications for preventing and managing cardiovascular diseases. Sport Sciences for Health, 20(1), 23–36. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11332-023-01118-z
Sarita, Deepika, Kumari, A., Kumar, S., Singh, S., & Singh, C. (2024). Compositional and shelf-life analysis of developed instant Indian recipe chilla mix from hull-less barley: A convenience food product. Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 16(2), 495–502. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v16i2.5403
Shivani, Banyal, S., Kumari, A., Sharma, S. P., & Dhaliwal, Y. S. (2022). Effect of varieties and storage on the quality parameters of nectarine (Prunus persica)-based intermediate moisture food (IMF) products. Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 14(1), 216–224. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v14i1.3299
Srivastava RP and Kumar S (2003) Fruit and vegetable preservation. Principles and practices. International book distributing company. Lucknow, U.P. (India)
Tena, N., Martín, J., & Asuero, A. G. (2020). State of the Art of Anthocyanins: Antioxidant Activity, Sources, Bioavailability, and Therapeutic Effect in Human Health. Antioxidants, 9(5), 451. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9050451
Wan-Mohtar, W. A. A. Q. I., Abdul Halim-Lim, S., Pillai Balamurugan, J., Mohd Saad, M. Z., Azizan, N. A. Z., Jamaludin, A. A., & Ilham, Z. (2021). Effect of Sugar-Pectin-Citric Acid Pre-Commercialization Formulation on the Physicochemical, Sensory, and Shelf-Life Properties of Musa cavendish Banana Jam. Sains Malaysiana, 50(5), 1329–1342. https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2021-5005-13
Wasihun, A. A., Berhe, G. G., Sbhatu, D. B., Abay, K. H., & Gebreyohannes, G. (2023). Quality Jam from Baobab (Adansonia digitata L) Fruit Pulp Powder: Formulation and Evaluation of Its Physicochemical and Nutritional Properties. Journal of Food Quality, 2023, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8816256
Yadav, J. P., Singh, A. K., Grishina, M., Pathak, P., & Patel, D. K. (2022). Cucumis melo Var. agrestis Naudin as a potent antidiabetic: Investigation via experimental methods. Phytomedicine Plus, 2(4), 100340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phyplu.2022.100340
Zulfiqar, H., Hussain, A. I., Ali, Q., Rathore, H. A., & Ahmed, I. (2024). Phenolic profile, nutritional potential and biological activities of wildly grown accessions of Cucumis melo var. Agrestis. Journal of King Saud University - Science, 36(7), 103276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103276
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Development of nutritional Spread (ready-to-serve food) from Cucumis callosus: Impact on physicochemical, nutritional, and sensory attributes during storage. (2025). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 17(2), 783-792. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v17i2.6537
