Biomass production, carbon sequestration and economics of on-farm poplar plantations in Punjab, India
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Abstract
Six years poplar plantations were assessed for productivity, carbon storage and economics in comparison to sole cropping. Wheat grain yield was significantly higher in control plots (4.55 t/ha) than boundary plantation (3.28 t/ha) and block plantation (2.03 t/ha). Similar trend was recorded for straw yield (6.61 t/ha in control plots, 4.83 t/ha in boundary plantation and 3.5 t/ha in block plantation. The boundary plantation produced higher DBH (24.23 cm) than the block plantation (19.71 cm). The crown spread itself followed the same trend but both the planting methods had almost similar plant height. However, the total tree biomass was higher with block plantation (96.31 t/ha) than boundary plantation (30.14 t/ha) but per tree biomass was more in boundary plantation than block plantation. The total carbon storage was higher in block planting method (55.43 t/ha) than in boundary plantation (32.70 t/ha) and lowest total carbon storage in sole cropping system (31.20 t/ha). The heat from biomass combustion and carbon storage from coal substituted of timber was also higher in the block plantation (18.67t C/ha) as compared with boundary plantation (4.43t C/ha). Agro forestry systems likely had a greater capacity to sequester C in the longterm than the annual cropping systems because of their diverse configurations. The economic benefits were also higher in block plantation than boundary and sole cropping of rice-wheat (B : C ratio of 3.30, 1.90 and 1.61, respectively). Adoption of on-farm poplar plantations will develop new opportunities for enhanced income in addition to employment and environmental amelioration.
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Keywords
Boundary/block plantation, Carbon sequestration, Energy, On-farm poplar
References
Arora, G., Chaturvedi, S., Kaushal, R., Nain, A., Tewari, S. and Alam, N.M. (2014). Growth, biomass, carbon stocks, and sequestration in age series of Populus deltoides plantations in Tarai region of central Himalaya. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 38: 550-560.
Benbi, D.K., Brar, K., Toor, A.S., Singh, P. and Singh, H. (2012). Soil carbon pools under poplar-based agroforestry, rice-wheat, and maize-wheat cropping systems in semi-arid India. Nutrient Cycling and Agroecosystem, 92: 92-107.
Blake, G.R. and Hartage, K.H. (1986). Methods of Soil Analysis (Ed. A. Klute). Part I, 2nd edition, Monograph 9, ASA and SSSA, Madison, WI, pp. 363-375.
Chandra, J.P. (2011). Development of poplar based agroforestry system. Indian Journal of Ecology, 38: 51–60.
Chauhan, S.K., Sharma, S.C., Chauhan, R. Gupta, N. and Ritu (2010a). Accounting poplar and wheat productivity for carbon sequestration agri-silvicultural system. Ind. For., 136(9): 1174-1182.
Chauhan, S.K., Sharma, S.C., Beri, V., Ritu, Yadav, S. and Gupta, N. (2010b). Yield and carbon sequestration potential of wheat (Triticum aestivum)-poplar (Populus deltoides) based agri-silvicultural system. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 80: 129-135.
Chauhan, S.K., Gupta,N., Walia, R., Yadav, S., Chauhan, R. and Mangat, P.S. (2011). Biomass and carbon sequestration potential of poplar-wheat inter-cropping system in irrigated agro-ecosystem in India. J. Agri. Sci. & Tech. A,1(4):575-586.
Chauhan, S.K., Sharma, R., Sharma, S.C., Gupta, N. and Ritu (2012). Evaluation of poplar (Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh.) boundary plantation based agrisilvicultural system for wheat-paddy yield and carbon storage. International Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 2(5): 239-246.
Coleman, M.D., Isebrands, J.G., Tolsted, D.N. and Tolbert, V.R. (2004). Comparing soil carbon of short rotation poplar plantations with agricultural crops and woodlots in north central United States. Environmental Management, 33: 299-308.
Dhillon, R.S., Wuehlisch, G. and Ajit (2011). Global warming and mitigation through forestry and agroforestry. Indian Journal of Agroforestry, 13: 1-9.
Dwivedi, R.P., Kareemulla, K., Singh, R., Rizvi, R.H. and Chauhan, J. (2007). Socio-economic analysis of agroforestry system in western Uttar Pradesh. Ind. Res. J. Ext. Edu., 7:18-22.
Gera, M., Mohan, G., Bisht, N.S. and Gera, N. (2006). Carbon sequestration potential under agroforestry in Roopnagar District of Punjab. Indian Forester, 132: 543-555.
Gera, M., Mohan, G., Bisht, N.S. and Gera, N. (2011). Carbon sequestration potential of agroforestry under CDM in Punjab State of India. Indian Journal of Forestry, 34: 1-10.
Gupta, N., Kukal, S.S., Bawa, S.S. and Dhaliwal, G.S. (2009). Soil organic carbon and aggregation under poplar based agroforestry system in relation to tree age and soil type. Agroforestry Systems, 76: 27-35.
Gupta, N., Kukal, S.S. and Singh, P. (2006). Soil erodibility in relation to poplar based agro-forestry system in North Western India. International Journal Agricultural Biology, 8(6): 859-861.
Jose, S. and Bardhan, S. (2012). Agroforestry for biomass production and carbon sequestration: an overview. Agroforestry Systems, 86: 105-111.
Khan, I.A. and Chaturvedi, O.P. (2007). Agroforestry and carbon sequestration: global scenario. Journal of Tropical Forestry, 23: 1-15.
Kanime, N., Kaushal, R., Tewari, S.K., Raverkar, K.P., Chaturvedi, S. and Chaturvedi, O.P. (2013). Biomass production and carbon sequestration in different tree based systems of central Himalaan Tarai region. Forests, Trees and Livelihoods, 22(1): 38-50.
Koul, D.N. and Panwar, P. (2008). Prioritizing landuse management options for carbon sequestration potential. Current Science, 95(5): 658-663.
Nair, P.K.R., Kumar, B.M. and Nair, V.D. (2009). Agroforestry as a strategy for carbon sequestration. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 172: 10-23.
Nair, P.K.R., Nair, V.D., Kumar, B.M. and Showalter, J.M. (2010). Carbon sequestration in agroforestry systems. Advances in Agronomy, 108: 237-307.
Newman, S.M. (1997). Poplar agroforestry in India. Forest Ecology and Management, 90:13- 17.
Paul, K.I., Polglase, P.J., Nyakuengama, J.G. and Khanna, P.K. (2002). Change in soil carbon following afforestation. Forest Ecology and Management, 168:241-257.
Panse, V.G. and Sukhatme, P.V. (1978). Statistical methods for agricultural workers. ICAR, New Delhi, pp 347.
Pinho, R.C., Miller, R.P. and Alfaia, S.S. (2012). Agroforestry and the improvement of soil fertility: A view from Amazonia. Applied and Environmental Soil Science, Ar t icle ID 616383, 11 pages . ht tp: / /dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/616383
Prasad, R. and Nagrajan, S. (2004). Rice-wheat cropping system—food security and sustainability. Current Science. 87: 1334-1335.
Ramesh, T., Manjaiah, K.M., Tomar, J.M.S. and Ngachan, S.V. (2013). Effect of multiputpose tree species on soil fertility and CO2 efflux under hilly ecosystems of Northesat India. Agroforestry Systems, 87:1377-1388.
Regmi, A.P., Ladha, J.K., Pathak, H., Pasqui, E., Bueno, C., Dawe, D., Hobbs, P.R., Joshy, D., Maskey, S.L., Pandey, S.P. (2002). Yield and soil fertility trends in 20 year rice-rice-wheat experiment in Nepal. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 66: 857-867.
Rizvi, R.H., Dhyani, S.K., Yadav, R.S. and Singh, R. (2011). Biomass production and carbon stock of poplar agroforestry systems in Yamunanagar and Saharanpur districts of northwestern India. Current Science, 100: 736-742.
Rytter, R.M. (2012). The potential of willow and poplar plantation as carbon sinks in Sweden. Biomass and Bioenergy, 36: 86-95.
Saha, R.and Jha, P. 2012. Carbon sequestration potentials of agroforestry systems under climate change scenariobrief review with special emphasis on north-eastern hill regions. Journal of Agricultural Physics, 12(2): 100-106.
Sanchez, F.G., Carter, E.A. and Klepac, J.F. (2003). Enhancing the soil organic pool through biomass incorporation. Biomass and Bioenergy, 24: 337-349.
Sauer, T.J., Cambardella, C.A. and Brandle, J.R. (2007). Soil carbon and tree litter dynamics in a red cedar scotch pine shelterbelt. Agroforestry Systems, 71: 163-174.
Schoeneberger, M.M. (2009). Agroforestry: working trees for sequestering carbon on agroforestry lands. Agroforestry Systems, 75: 27-37.
Senapati, N., Ghosh, S., Daniel, H. and Benbi, D.K. (2010). Impact of soil amendments on organic carbon pools under a rice-wheat cropping system. 19th World Congress of Soil Science, Soil Solutions for a Changing World (1-6 October, 2010), Brisbane, Austarlia, pp. 123-126.
Sharma, N.K., Samra, J.S. and Singh, H.P. (2001). Influence of boundary plantation of poplar (Populus del-toides M.) on soil–water use and water use efficiency of wheat. Agricultural Water Management, 51:173-185.
Sharma, S.C., Dogra, A.S., Upadhayay, A. and Chahal, G.S. (2007). Carbon stock and productivity assessment of Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh in Punjab. Indian Forester, 133: 8-16.
Singh, P. and Lodhiyal, L.S. (2009). Biomass and carbon allocation in 8 year old poplar (Populus deltoides Marsh) plantation in Tarai agroforestry systems of central Himalaya, India. New York Sci. J., 2: 49-53.
Singh, S. and Dhaliwal, H.S. (2005). An economic analysis of poplar based agroforestry systems in Punjab, India. Indian Journal of Forestry, 28: 381-388.
Singh, G. (2005). Carbon sequestration under an agrisilvicultural system in the arid region. Indian Forester, 131:543-552.
Singh, G. and Rathod, T.R. (2002). Plant growth, biomass production and soil water dynamics in a shifting dune of Indian desert. Forest Ecology and Management, 171: 309-320.
Singh, B. and Sharma, K.N. (2007). Tree growth and nutrient status of soil in a poplar (Populus deltoides Bartr.) based agroforestry system in Punjab, India. Agroforestry Systems, 70: 25-34.
Schultz, R.C., Isenhart, T.M., Simpkios, W.W. and Colletti, J.P. (2004). Riparian forest buffers in agroecosystemlessons learned from the Bear Creek watershed, central Iowa, USA. Agroforestry Systems, 61: 35-50.
Takimoto, A., Nair, V.D. and Nair, P.K.R. (2009). Contribution of trees to soil carbon sequestration under agroforestry systems in the west African Sahel. Agroforestry Systems, 76:11-25.
Wang, X. and Feng, Z. (1995). Atmospheric carbon sequestration through agroforestry in China. Energy, 20: 117-21.
Wani, N.R. and Malik, T.H. (2014). Role of poplars in agroforestry systems in India. New York Science Journal, 7 (2): 50-56.
Yadav, R.S., Yadav, B.L., Chhipa, B.R., Dhyana, S.K. and Munna Ram(2011). Soil biological properties under different tree based traditional agroforestry systems in a semi arid region of Rajasthan, India. Agroforestry Systems, 81:195-202.
Yadava, A.K. (2010). Carbon sequestration: unexploited environmental benefits of Tarai agroforestry systems. Report and Opinion, 2: 35-41.
Benbi, D.K., Brar, K., Toor, A.S., Singh, P. and Singh, H. (2012). Soil carbon pools under poplar-based agroforestry, rice-wheat, and maize-wheat cropping systems in semi-arid India. Nutrient Cycling and Agroecosystem, 92: 92-107.
Blake, G.R. and Hartage, K.H. (1986). Methods of Soil Analysis (Ed. A. Klute). Part I, 2nd edition, Monograph 9, ASA and SSSA, Madison, WI, pp. 363-375.
Chandra, J.P. (2011). Development of poplar based agroforestry system. Indian Journal of Ecology, 38: 51–60.
Chauhan, S.K., Sharma, S.C., Chauhan, R. Gupta, N. and Ritu (2010a). Accounting poplar and wheat productivity for carbon sequestration agri-silvicultural system. Ind. For., 136(9): 1174-1182.
Chauhan, S.K., Sharma, S.C., Beri, V., Ritu, Yadav, S. and Gupta, N. (2010b). Yield and carbon sequestration potential of wheat (Triticum aestivum)-poplar (Populus deltoides) based agri-silvicultural system. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 80: 129-135.
Chauhan, S.K., Gupta,N., Walia, R., Yadav, S., Chauhan, R. and Mangat, P.S. (2011). Biomass and carbon sequestration potential of poplar-wheat inter-cropping system in irrigated agro-ecosystem in India. J. Agri. Sci. & Tech. A,1(4):575-586.
Chauhan, S.K., Sharma, R., Sharma, S.C., Gupta, N. and Ritu (2012). Evaluation of poplar (Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh.) boundary plantation based agrisilvicultural system for wheat-paddy yield and carbon storage. International Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 2(5): 239-246.
Coleman, M.D., Isebrands, J.G., Tolsted, D.N. and Tolbert, V.R. (2004). Comparing soil carbon of short rotation poplar plantations with agricultural crops and woodlots in north central United States. Environmental Management, 33: 299-308.
Dhillon, R.S., Wuehlisch, G. and Ajit (2011). Global warming and mitigation through forestry and agroforestry. Indian Journal of Agroforestry, 13: 1-9.
Dwivedi, R.P., Kareemulla, K., Singh, R., Rizvi, R.H. and Chauhan, J. (2007). Socio-economic analysis of agroforestry system in western Uttar Pradesh. Ind. Res. J. Ext. Edu., 7:18-22.
Gera, M., Mohan, G., Bisht, N.S. and Gera, N. (2006). Carbon sequestration potential under agroforestry in Roopnagar District of Punjab. Indian Forester, 132: 543-555.
Gera, M., Mohan, G., Bisht, N.S. and Gera, N. (2011). Carbon sequestration potential of agroforestry under CDM in Punjab State of India. Indian Journal of Forestry, 34: 1-10.
Gupta, N., Kukal, S.S., Bawa, S.S. and Dhaliwal, G.S. (2009). Soil organic carbon and aggregation under poplar based agroforestry system in relation to tree age and soil type. Agroforestry Systems, 76: 27-35.
Gupta, N., Kukal, S.S. and Singh, P. (2006). Soil erodibility in relation to poplar based agro-forestry system in North Western India. International Journal Agricultural Biology, 8(6): 859-861.
Jose, S. and Bardhan, S. (2012). Agroforestry for biomass production and carbon sequestration: an overview. Agroforestry Systems, 86: 105-111.
Khan, I.A. and Chaturvedi, O.P. (2007). Agroforestry and carbon sequestration: global scenario. Journal of Tropical Forestry, 23: 1-15.
Kanime, N., Kaushal, R., Tewari, S.K., Raverkar, K.P., Chaturvedi, S. and Chaturvedi, O.P. (2013). Biomass production and carbon sequestration in different tree based systems of central Himalaan Tarai region. Forests, Trees and Livelihoods, 22(1): 38-50.
Koul, D.N. and Panwar, P. (2008). Prioritizing landuse management options for carbon sequestration potential. Current Science, 95(5): 658-663.
Nair, P.K.R., Kumar, B.M. and Nair, V.D. (2009). Agroforestry as a strategy for carbon sequestration. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 172: 10-23.
Nair, P.K.R., Nair, V.D., Kumar, B.M. and Showalter, J.M. (2010). Carbon sequestration in agroforestry systems. Advances in Agronomy, 108: 237-307.
Newman, S.M. (1997). Poplar agroforestry in India. Forest Ecology and Management, 90:13- 17.
Paul, K.I., Polglase, P.J., Nyakuengama, J.G. and Khanna, P.K. (2002). Change in soil carbon following afforestation. Forest Ecology and Management, 168:241-257.
Panse, V.G. and Sukhatme, P.V. (1978). Statistical methods for agricultural workers. ICAR, New Delhi, pp 347.
Pinho, R.C., Miller, R.P. and Alfaia, S.S. (2012). Agroforestry and the improvement of soil fertility: A view from Amazonia. Applied and Environmental Soil Science, Ar t icle ID 616383, 11 pages . ht tp: / /dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/616383
Prasad, R. and Nagrajan, S. (2004). Rice-wheat cropping system—food security and sustainability. Current Science. 87: 1334-1335.
Ramesh, T., Manjaiah, K.M., Tomar, J.M.S. and Ngachan, S.V. (2013). Effect of multiputpose tree species on soil fertility and CO2 efflux under hilly ecosystems of Northesat India. Agroforestry Systems, 87:1377-1388.
Regmi, A.P., Ladha, J.K., Pathak, H., Pasqui, E., Bueno, C., Dawe, D., Hobbs, P.R., Joshy, D., Maskey, S.L., Pandey, S.P. (2002). Yield and soil fertility trends in 20 year rice-rice-wheat experiment in Nepal. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 66: 857-867.
Rizvi, R.H., Dhyani, S.K., Yadav, R.S. and Singh, R. (2011). Biomass production and carbon stock of poplar agroforestry systems in Yamunanagar and Saharanpur districts of northwestern India. Current Science, 100: 736-742.
Rytter, R.M. (2012). The potential of willow and poplar plantation as carbon sinks in Sweden. Biomass and Bioenergy, 36: 86-95.
Saha, R.and Jha, P. 2012. Carbon sequestration potentials of agroforestry systems under climate change scenariobrief review with special emphasis on north-eastern hill regions. Journal of Agricultural Physics, 12(2): 100-106.
Sanchez, F.G., Carter, E.A. and Klepac, J.F. (2003). Enhancing the soil organic pool through biomass incorporation. Biomass and Bioenergy, 24: 337-349.
Sauer, T.J., Cambardella, C.A. and Brandle, J.R. (2007). Soil carbon and tree litter dynamics in a red cedar scotch pine shelterbelt. Agroforestry Systems, 71: 163-174.
Schoeneberger, M.M. (2009). Agroforestry: working trees for sequestering carbon on agroforestry lands. Agroforestry Systems, 75: 27-37.
Senapati, N., Ghosh, S., Daniel, H. and Benbi, D.K. (2010). Impact of soil amendments on organic carbon pools under a rice-wheat cropping system. 19th World Congress of Soil Science, Soil Solutions for a Changing World (1-6 October, 2010), Brisbane, Austarlia, pp. 123-126.
Sharma, N.K., Samra, J.S. and Singh, H.P. (2001). Influence of boundary plantation of poplar (Populus del-toides M.) on soil–water use and water use efficiency of wheat. Agricultural Water Management, 51:173-185.
Sharma, S.C., Dogra, A.S., Upadhayay, A. and Chahal, G.S. (2007). Carbon stock and productivity assessment of Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh in Punjab. Indian Forester, 133: 8-16.
Singh, P. and Lodhiyal, L.S. (2009). Biomass and carbon allocation in 8 year old poplar (Populus deltoides Marsh) plantation in Tarai agroforestry systems of central Himalaya, India. New York Sci. J., 2: 49-53.
Singh, S. and Dhaliwal, H.S. (2005). An economic analysis of poplar based agroforestry systems in Punjab, India. Indian Journal of Forestry, 28: 381-388.
Singh, G. (2005). Carbon sequestration under an agrisilvicultural system in the arid region. Indian Forester, 131:543-552.
Singh, G. and Rathod, T.R. (2002). Plant growth, biomass production and soil water dynamics in a shifting dune of Indian desert. Forest Ecology and Management, 171: 309-320.
Singh, B. and Sharma, K.N. (2007). Tree growth and nutrient status of soil in a poplar (Populus deltoides Bartr.) based agroforestry system in Punjab, India. Agroforestry Systems, 70: 25-34.
Schultz, R.C., Isenhart, T.M., Simpkios, W.W. and Colletti, J.P. (2004). Riparian forest buffers in agroecosystemlessons learned from the Bear Creek watershed, central Iowa, USA. Agroforestry Systems, 61: 35-50.
Takimoto, A., Nair, V.D. and Nair, P.K.R. (2009). Contribution of trees to soil carbon sequestration under agroforestry systems in the west African Sahel. Agroforestry Systems, 76:11-25.
Wang, X. and Feng, Z. (1995). Atmospheric carbon sequestration through agroforestry in China. Energy, 20: 117-21.
Wani, N.R. and Malik, T.H. (2014). Role of poplars in agroforestry systems in India. New York Science Journal, 7 (2): 50-56.
Yadav, R.S., Yadav, B.L., Chhipa, B.R., Dhyana, S.K. and Munna Ram(2011). Soil biological properties under different tree based traditional agroforestry systems in a semi arid region of Rajasthan, India. Agroforestry Systems, 81:195-202.
Yadava, A.K. (2010). Carbon sequestration: unexploited environmental benefits of Tarai agroforestry systems. Report and Opinion, 2: 35-41.
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Biomass production, carbon sequestration and economics of on-farm poplar plantations in Punjab, India. (2015). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 7(1), 452-458. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v7i1.631
