Productivity and economics of direct seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.)
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Abstract
A field study was conducted during Kharif season of 2011 and 2012, to evaluate direct seeded rice options as compared to transplanted rice with an objective to improve farm productivity and efficiency. Labour and cost saving of 97% and 80% were observed in direct seeded rice (DSR) as compared to manual puddled transplanted rice in sowing/transplanting. Tillage and crop establishment methods had a significant effect on rice yields. Yield of manual puddled transplanted rice was significantly higher (10-12%) than DSR during both the years. DSR consumed 12-17 percent less water as compared to puddled transplanted rice during 2011, whereas, it consumed 5-9 per cent more water as compared to puddled transplanted rice during 2012. When compared to manual puddled transplanted rice, a labour saving of 7-8 percent (overall) was observed in DSR during both the years. The B: C ratio was highest in DSR in zero till condition (1.74) as compared to manual puddled transplanted rice (1.62). The study showed that the conventional practice of puddled transplanting could be replaced with zero till DSR to save water and labour.
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Keywords
Direct seeded rice, Energy output, Field capacity, Tillage, Water use efficiency
References
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Bhusan, L., Ladha, J.K., Gupta, R.K., Singh, S. Tirole-Padre, A., Sehrawat, Y.S., Gathala, M. and Pathak, H. (2007). Saving of water and labour in rice-wheat system with no tillage and direct seeding technologies. Agron. J., 99: 1288-1296.
Bouman, B.A.M. and Tuong, T.P. (2001). Field water management to save water and increase productivity in irrigated lowland rice. Agric. Water Manage., 49: 11–30.
BRRI (Bangladesh Rice Research Institute). (2005). Annual internal review report for 2004-05 of Rajshahi Regional Station, Rajshahi, Bangladesh. pp. 32-35.
Dingkuhn, M., Schnier, H.F., De Datta, S.K., Kropff, M.S. and Javellana, C. (1991). Relationship between ripening phase productivity and crop duration, canopy photosynthesis, and senescence in transplanted and direct seeded lowland rice. Field Crop Res., 26: 327-345.
Estorninos Jr., L.E. and Moody, K. (1988). Evaluation of herbicides for weed control in dry-seeded wetland rice (Oryza sativa L.). Philipp. J. Weed Sci., 15: 50–58.
Hira, G. S. (2009). Water management in northern states and the food security of India. J. Crop Improve., 23:136-157.
Hobbs, P.R. and Moris, M.L. (1996). Meeting South Asia’s future food requirement from rice-wheat cropping system: priority issues facing researchers in the post green revolution era. NRG paper 96-01. CIMMYT, Mexico. pp 46.
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Kumar, V. and Ladha, J.K. (2011) Direct seeding of rice: Recent developments and future research needs. Advances in Agron. 111: 297-413.
Ladha, J.K., Dawe, D., Pathak, H., Padre, A.T., Yadav, R.L., Singh, B., Singh, Y., Singh, Y., Singh, P., Kunder, A.L., Sakal, R., Ram, N., Regmi, A.P., Gami, S.K., Bhandari, L., Amin, R., Yadav, C.R., Bhattaria, E.M., Das, S., Aggarwal, H.P., Gupta, R.K., Hobbs, P.R. (2003a). How extensive are yield declines in long-term rice –wheat experiments in Asia? Field Crops Res. 81: 159–180.
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Saharawat, Y.S., Bhagat Singh, Malik, R.K., Ladha, J. K., Gathala, M., Jat, M.L. and Kumar, V. (2010). Evaluation of alternative tillage and crop establishment methods in a rice–wheat rotation in North Western IGP. Field Crops Res., 116: 260–267.
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Singh, K.K., Lohan, S.K., Jat, A.S. and Rani, Tulsa. (2006). New technologies of planting rice for higher production. Res. on Crops. 7: 369-371.
Singh, Yadvinder, Singh, Bijay, Nayyar, V.K. and Singh, Jagmohan. (2003). Nutrient management for sustainable rice-wheat cropping syste. NATP, ICAR, New Delhi and PAU, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.
Toung, T.P. and Bhuiyan, S.I. (1994). Innovations towards improving water use efficiency in rice. Paper presented at the World’s Bank’s 1994 Water resource seminar, 13-15 Dec. 1994, Virginia, USA.
Balasubramanian, V. and Hill, J.E. (2002). Direct seeding of rice in Asia: Emerging issues and strategic research needs for the 21st century. In: Pandey, S. (Ed.), Direct Seeding: Research strategies and opportunities. IRRI, Los Banos, Philippines, pp. 15-39.
Bhusan, L., Ladha, J.K., Gupta, R.K., Singh, S. Tirole-Padre, A., Sehrawat, Y.S., Gathala, M. and Pathak, H. (2007). Saving of water and labour in rice-wheat system with no tillage and direct seeding technologies. Agron. J., 99: 1288-1296.
Bouman, B.A.M. and Tuong, T.P. (2001). Field water management to save water and increase productivity in irrigated lowland rice. Agric. Water Manage., 49: 11–30.
BRRI (Bangladesh Rice Research Institute). (2005). Annual internal review report for 2004-05 of Rajshahi Regional Station, Rajshahi, Bangladesh. pp. 32-35.
Dingkuhn, M., Schnier, H.F., De Datta, S.K., Kropff, M.S. and Javellana, C. (1991). Relationship between ripening phase productivity and crop duration, canopy photosynthesis, and senescence in transplanted and direct seeded lowland rice. Field Crop Res., 26: 327-345.
Estorninos Jr., L.E. and Moody, K. (1988). Evaluation of herbicides for weed control in dry-seeded wetland rice (Oryza sativa L.). Philipp. J. Weed Sci., 15: 50–58.
Hira, G. S. (2009). Water management in northern states and the food security of India. J. Crop Improve., 23:136-157.
Hobbs, P.R. and Moris, M.L. (1996). Meeting South Asia’s future food requirement from rice-wheat cropping system: priority issues facing researchers in the post green revolution era. NRG paper 96-01. CIMMYT, Mexico. pp 46.
Johnson, D.E. and Mortimer, A.M. (2005). Issues for weed management in direct-seeded rice and the development of decision-support frameworks. In: Workshop on Direct-seeded Rice in the Rice–Wheat system of the Indo-Gangetic Plains. 1–2 February 2005. G.B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, Uttaranchal. India. pp 8.
Kumar, Rakesh. (2011). Unpublished M. Tech. Thesis on “Comparative performance evaluation of mechanical transplanting and direct seeding of rice under puddled and unpuddled condition”. Deptt. of Farm Machinery and Power Engineering, CCS HAU, Hisar, Haryana, India.
Kumar, V. and Ladha, J.K. (2011) Direct seeding of rice: Recent developments and future research needs. Advances in Agron. 111: 297-413.
Ladha, J.K., Dawe, D., Pathak, H., Padre, A.T., Yadav, R.L., Singh, B., Singh, Y., Singh, Y., Singh, P., Kunder, A.L., Sakal, R., Ram, N., Regmi, A.P., Gami, S.K., Bhandari, L., Amin, R., Yadav, C.R., Bhattaria, E.M., Das, S., Aggarwal, H.P., Gupta, R.K., Hobbs, P.R. (2003a). How extensive are yield declines in long-term rice –wheat experiments in Asia? Field Crops Res. 81: 159–180.
Ladha, J.K., Kumar, V., Alam, M., Sharma, S., Gathala, M., Chandna, P., Sehrawat, Y.S. and Balasubraminian, V. (2009). Integrated crop and resource management technologies for enhancing productivity, profitability and sustainability of the rice-wheat system in South Asia. In: Ladha, J.K. (Ed.), Integrated crop and resource management in rice-wheat system of South Asia. IRRI, Los Banos, Philippines, pp. 69-108.
Mahajan, G., Bharaj, T.S., and Timsina, J. (2009). Yield and water productivity of rice as affected by time of transplanting in Punjab, India. Agric Water Manage., 96: 525-532.
Panesar, B.S. (2002). Energy norms for input and output for agricultural sector. Faculty training programme on energy in production agriculture and alternative energy sources, March 6-26, 2002.
Rao, A.N., Johnson, D.E., Shivaprasad, B., Ladha, J.K. and Mortimer, A.M. (2007). Weed management in direct-seeded rice. Adv. Agron. 93: 153-255.
Reeves, T. (2009). The impacts of climate change on wheat production in India – adaptation, mitigation and future directions. Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome.
Saharawat, Y.S., Bhagat Singh, Malik, R.K., Ladha, J. K., Gathala, M., Jat, M.L. and Kumar, V. (2010). Evaluation of alternative tillage and crop establishment methods in a rice–wheat rotation in North Western IGP. Field Crops Res., 116: 260–267.
Sarkar, A, Sen, S and Kumar, A. (2009). Rice-wheat cropping cycle in Punjab: a comparative analysis of sustainability status in different irrigation systems. Environ. Dev. Sustain., 11:751-763.
Singh, K.K., Lohan, S.K., Jat, A.S. and Rani, Tulsa. (2006). New technologies of planting rice for higher production. Res. on Crops. 7: 369-371.
Singh, Yadvinder, Singh, Bijay, Nayyar, V.K. and Singh, Jagmohan. (2003). Nutrient management for sustainable rice-wheat cropping syste. NATP, ICAR, New Delhi and PAU, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.
Toung, T.P. and Bhuiyan, S.I. (1994). Innovations towards improving water use efficiency in rice. Paper presented at the World’s Bank’s 1994 Water resource seminar, 13-15 Dec. 1994, Virginia, USA.
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How to Cite
Productivity and economics of direct seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.). (2015). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 7(1), 410-416. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v7i1.625
