Incidence of resistant mastitis in dairy cows in Tamil Nadu, India
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Abstract
The incidence of resistant mastitis in dairy cows in Tamil Nadu, India was 56.l %. The predominant resistant causative pathogen was Escherichia coli (50.64 %) followed by Staphylococcus aureus (44.25 %) and Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (5.11 %). Incidence of resistant mastitis was high in Holstein Friesian cross breed followed by Jersey cross breed and non descript. Highest incidence was observed in early stage of third lactation. In vitro antibiotic sensitivity test revealed the E. coli, S. aureus and MRSA organisms showed more sensitivity to enrofloxacin, amoxicillin+sulbactam, gentamicin and ceftriaxone and had highest resistant to penicillin followed by amoxicillin, oxytetracycline and methicillin. The study highlights the need for preventing the indiscriminate use of antibiotics.
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Keywords
Escherichia coli, Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus
References
Barkema, H.W., Schukken, Y.H. and Zadoks, R.N. (2006). Invited review: The role of cow, pathogen, and treatment regimen in the therapeutic success of bovine Staphylococcus aureus mastitis. Journal of Dairy Science, 89: 1877–1895.
Boddie, G.F. (2000). Diagnostic method in Veterinary Medicine. Green world publishers, Lucknow.
Carlen, E., Schneider Mdel, P. and Stranberg, E. (2005). Comparison between linear models and survival analysis for genetic evaluation of clinical mastitis in dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science, 88(2): 797-803.
CLSI, Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (2008). Performance standards for antimicrobial disk and dilution susceptibility tests for bacteria isolated from Animals. Pages 65-72. In: Approved standard M31-A3(3rd edn). Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA.
Corbett, R. (2009). Minimizing the effects of immunosupres-sion through management and nutrition. Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the NMC, January 25-28, 2009, Charlotte, NC., pp:113-119.
DANMAP (2001). Use of antimicrobial agents and occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria from food animals, foods and humans in Denmark. The Danish Integrated Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring and Research Programme, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Edward, M., Anna, K., Michal, K., Henryka, L. and Krystyna, K. (2002). Antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococci isolated from mastitic cows. Bulletin of Veterinary Institute in Pulawy, 289-294.
Fadlelmula, A., Al Dughaym, A.M., Mohamed, G.E., Al-Deib, M.K. and Al-Zubaidy, A.J. (2009). Bovine mastitis: Epidemiological, clinical and etiological study in a Saudi Arabian large dairy farm. Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 12(3): 199-206.
Galland, J.C., Hyatt, D.R., Crupper, S.S. and Acheson, D.W. (2001). Prevalence, antibiotic susceptibility, and diversity of Escherichia coli O157:H7 isolates from a longitudinal study of beef cattle feedlots. Applied Environmental Microbiology,4:1619-1627.
Gowri, B. (2010). Fatty infiltration of liver and its impact on fertility in bovines. Ph.D., Thesis submitted to Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India.
Green, M. and Bradely, A.(2004). Clinical Forum- Staphylococcus aureus mastitis in cattle UK. VET, 9: 4.
Juhasz-Kaszanyitzky, E., Janosi, S., Somogyi, P., Dan, A., Van der graaf-van Bloois, L., Van Duijkeren, E. and Wagenaar,J.A. (2007). MRSA transmission between cows and human. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 13: 630-632.
Karthikeyan, A. (2003). Clinicopathological and ultrasonographic studies in bovine mastitis. M.V.Sc., Thesis submitted to Tamilnadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India.
Kumar, R., Yadav, B.R. and Singh, R.S. (2010). Genetic Determinants of antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from milk of mastitic crossbred cattle. Current Microbiology, 60: 379–386.
Kumar, R., Yadav, B.R. and Singh, R.S. (2011). Antibiotic resistance and pathogenicity factors in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from mastitic Sahiwal cattle. Journal of Biological Science, 36: 175-188.
Lairintluanga, C., Ralte, E.I. and Hmarkunga (2003). Incidence of mastitis, bacteriology and antibiogram in dairy cattle in Aizawl, Mizoram. Indian Veterinary Journal, 80(9):931- 932.
Lee, J.H. (2003). Methicillin(oxacillin)-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from major food animals and their potential transmission to humans. Applied Environmental Microbiology, 69: 6489–6494.
Lehtolainen, T., Shwimmer, A., Shpigel, N.Y., Honkanen -Buzalski, T. and Pyorala, S. (2003). In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of Escherichia coli isolates from clinical bovine mastitis in Finland and Israel. Journal of Dairy Science, 86: 3927-3932.
Loeffler, A. and Lloyd, D.H. (2010). Companion animals: a reservoir for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the community? Epidemiology of Infection, 138(5): 595-605.
Martineau, F., Picard, F.J., Lansac, N., Ménard,C., Roy, P.H., Ouellette, M. and Bergeron, M.G. (2000). Correlation between the resistance genotype determined by multiplex PCR assays and the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Antimicrobial Agents Chemotheraphy, 44: 231-238.
Mohana Sundhari (2010). Diagnostic sensitivities of culture and polymerase chain reaction in bovine mastitis. M.V.Sc., Thesis submitted to Tamilnadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India.
Olde Riekerink, R.G.M., Barkema, H.W., Kelton, D.F. and Scholl, D.T.(2008). Incidence rate of clinical mastitis on Canadian dairy farms. Journal of Dairy Science, 91: 1366-1377.
Olsen, J.E., Christensen, H. and Aarestrup, F.M. (2006). Diversity and evolution of blaZ from Staphylococcus aureus and Coagulase negative Staphylococci. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotheraphy, 57: 450-460.
Pitkala, A., Salmikivi, L., Bredbacka, P., Myllyniemi, A.L. and Koskinen, M.T.(2007). Comparison of tests for detection of beta-lactamase-producing Staphylococci. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 45: 2031-2033.
Radostits, O.M., Blood, D.C. and Gay, G.C. (2008). Veterinary Medicine. A Textbook of the Diseases of cattle, sheep, pigs, goats and horses. 10th Ed., Bailliare Tindall, London.
Sachin Kumar (2007). Comparative efficacy of ceftriaxone, enrofloxacin and amoxicillin-cloxacillin in bovine mastitis. M.V.Sc., Thesis submitted to Tamilnadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India.
Sharma, N. and Maiti, S.K. (2010). Incidence, etiology and antibiogram of subclinical mastitis in cows in Durg, Chattisgarh. Indian Journal of Veterinary Research, 19: 45-54.
Sharma, N., Singh, N.K. and Bhadwal, M.S. (2011). Relationship of somatic cell count and mastitis: An overview. Asian - Australian Journal of Animal Science, 24: 429-438.
Sori, T., Hussein, J. and Bitew, M.(2011). Prevalence and susceptibility assay of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine mastitis in dairy farms of Jimma town South west Ethiopia. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 10(6):745-749.
Turky?lmaz, S., Tekb?y?k, S., Oryasin, E. and Bozdogan, B. (2010). Molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance mechanisms of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine milk. Zoonosis of Public Health, 57(3): 197-203.
Turutoglu, H., Hasoksuz, M., Ozturk, D., Yildirim, M. and Sagnak, S. (2009). Methicillin and aminoglycoside resistance in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from bovine mastitis and sequence analysis of their mecA genes. Veterinary Research Communication, 33(8): 945-956.
Waage, S.B., Bjorland, J., Caugant, A., Oppegaard, H., Tollersrud, T., Mork, T. and Aarestrup, F. (2002). Spread of Staphylococcus aureus resistant to penicillin and tetracycline within and between dairy herds. Epidemiology of infection, 129: 193- 202.
WHO (2000). WHO global principles for the containment of antimicrobial resistance in animals intended for food. WHO, Geneva, Switzerland. http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2000/WHO CDS CSR APH 2000.4.pdf.
Boddie, G.F. (2000). Diagnostic method in Veterinary Medicine. Green world publishers, Lucknow.
Carlen, E., Schneider Mdel, P. and Stranberg, E. (2005). Comparison between linear models and survival analysis for genetic evaluation of clinical mastitis in dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science, 88(2): 797-803.
CLSI, Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (2008). Performance standards for antimicrobial disk and dilution susceptibility tests for bacteria isolated from Animals. Pages 65-72. In: Approved standard M31-A3(3rd edn). Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA.
Corbett, R. (2009). Minimizing the effects of immunosupres-sion through management and nutrition. Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the NMC, January 25-28, 2009, Charlotte, NC., pp:113-119.
DANMAP (2001). Use of antimicrobial agents and occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria from food animals, foods and humans in Denmark. The Danish Integrated Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring and Research Programme, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Edward, M., Anna, K., Michal, K., Henryka, L. and Krystyna, K. (2002). Antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococci isolated from mastitic cows. Bulletin of Veterinary Institute in Pulawy, 289-294.
Fadlelmula, A., Al Dughaym, A.M., Mohamed, G.E., Al-Deib, M.K. and Al-Zubaidy, A.J. (2009). Bovine mastitis: Epidemiological, clinical and etiological study in a Saudi Arabian large dairy farm. Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 12(3): 199-206.
Galland, J.C., Hyatt, D.R., Crupper, S.S. and Acheson, D.W. (2001). Prevalence, antibiotic susceptibility, and diversity of Escherichia coli O157:H7 isolates from a longitudinal study of beef cattle feedlots. Applied Environmental Microbiology,4:1619-1627.
Gowri, B. (2010). Fatty infiltration of liver and its impact on fertility in bovines. Ph.D., Thesis submitted to Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India.
Green, M. and Bradely, A.(2004). Clinical Forum- Staphylococcus aureus mastitis in cattle UK. VET, 9: 4.
Juhasz-Kaszanyitzky, E., Janosi, S., Somogyi, P., Dan, A., Van der graaf-van Bloois, L., Van Duijkeren, E. and Wagenaar,J.A. (2007). MRSA transmission between cows and human. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 13: 630-632.
Karthikeyan, A. (2003). Clinicopathological and ultrasonographic studies in bovine mastitis. M.V.Sc., Thesis submitted to Tamilnadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India.
Kumar, R., Yadav, B.R. and Singh, R.S. (2010). Genetic Determinants of antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from milk of mastitic crossbred cattle. Current Microbiology, 60: 379–386.
Kumar, R., Yadav, B.R. and Singh, R.S. (2011). Antibiotic resistance and pathogenicity factors in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from mastitic Sahiwal cattle. Journal of Biological Science, 36: 175-188.
Lairintluanga, C., Ralte, E.I. and Hmarkunga (2003). Incidence of mastitis, bacteriology and antibiogram in dairy cattle in Aizawl, Mizoram. Indian Veterinary Journal, 80(9):931- 932.
Lee, J.H. (2003). Methicillin(oxacillin)-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from major food animals and their potential transmission to humans. Applied Environmental Microbiology, 69: 6489–6494.
Lehtolainen, T., Shwimmer, A., Shpigel, N.Y., Honkanen -Buzalski, T. and Pyorala, S. (2003). In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of Escherichia coli isolates from clinical bovine mastitis in Finland and Israel. Journal of Dairy Science, 86: 3927-3932.
Loeffler, A. and Lloyd, D.H. (2010). Companion animals: a reservoir for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the community? Epidemiology of Infection, 138(5): 595-605.
Martineau, F., Picard, F.J., Lansac, N., Ménard,C., Roy, P.H., Ouellette, M. and Bergeron, M.G. (2000). Correlation between the resistance genotype determined by multiplex PCR assays and the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Antimicrobial Agents Chemotheraphy, 44: 231-238.
Mohana Sundhari (2010). Diagnostic sensitivities of culture and polymerase chain reaction in bovine mastitis. M.V.Sc., Thesis submitted to Tamilnadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India.
Olde Riekerink, R.G.M., Barkema, H.W., Kelton, D.F. and Scholl, D.T.(2008). Incidence rate of clinical mastitis on Canadian dairy farms. Journal of Dairy Science, 91: 1366-1377.
Olsen, J.E., Christensen, H. and Aarestrup, F.M. (2006). Diversity and evolution of blaZ from Staphylococcus aureus and Coagulase negative Staphylococci. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotheraphy, 57: 450-460.
Pitkala, A., Salmikivi, L., Bredbacka, P., Myllyniemi, A.L. and Koskinen, M.T.(2007). Comparison of tests for detection of beta-lactamase-producing Staphylococci. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 45: 2031-2033.
Radostits, O.M., Blood, D.C. and Gay, G.C. (2008). Veterinary Medicine. A Textbook of the Diseases of cattle, sheep, pigs, goats and horses. 10th Ed., Bailliare Tindall, London.
Sachin Kumar (2007). Comparative efficacy of ceftriaxone, enrofloxacin and amoxicillin-cloxacillin in bovine mastitis. M.V.Sc., Thesis submitted to Tamilnadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India.
Sharma, N. and Maiti, S.K. (2010). Incidence, etiology and antibiogram of subclinical mastitis in cows in Durg, Chattisgarh. Indian Journal of Veterinary Research, 19: 45-54.
Sharma, N., Singh, N.K. and Bhadwal, M.S. (2011). Relationship of somatic cell count and mastitis: An overview. Asian - Australian Journal of Animal Science, 24: 429-438.
Sori, T., Hussein, J. and Bitew, M.(2011). Prevalence and susceptibility assay of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine mastitis in dairy farms of Jimma town South west Ethiopia. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 10(6):745-749.
Turky?lmaz, S., Tekb?y?k, S., Oryasin, E. and Bozdogan, B. (2010). Molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance mechanisms of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine milk. Zoonosis of Public Health, 57(3): 197-203.
Turutoglu, H., Hasoksuz, M., Ozturk, D., Yildirim, M. and Sagnak, S. (2009). Methicillin and aminoglycoside resistance in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from bovine mastitis and sequence analysis of their mecA genes. Veterinary Research Communication, 33(8): 945-956.
Waage, S.B., Bjorland, J., Caugant, A., Oppegaard, H., Tollersrud, T., Mork, T. and Aarestrup, F. (2002). Spread of Staphylococcus aureus resistant to penicillin and tetracycline within and between dairy herds. Epidemiology of infection, 129: 193- 202.
WHO (2000). WHO global principles for the containment of antimicrobial resistance in animals intended for food. WHO, Geneva, Switzerland. http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2000/WHO CDS CSR APH 2000.4.pdf.
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Incidence of resistant mastitis in dairy cows in Tamil Nadu, India. (2015). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 7(1), 304-308. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v7i1.606
