Enhancement of productivity and profitability of grafted brinjal under Integrated nutrient management practices
Article Main
Abstract
Integration of grafting technique and tailored nutrient management strategies provides a sustainable solution to address the production challenges and stress management in the cultivation of short-duration fruits and vegetables. The present study aimed to assess the productivity, nutrient uptake efficiency, plant resilience and economic viability of brinjal farming by evaluating the synergistic effect between grafted brinjal and integrated nutrient management (INM) practices. A pot experiment was conducted at the Central Horticultural Experiment Station (ICAR-CHES), Aiginia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, from 2022-2023. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design (RBD) with ten treatments and replicated thrice. The yield performance of grafted brinjal improved with the application of 75% RDF through chemical fertilization and substitution of 25% N by FYM and vermicompost (37.8 and 35.6 t ha-1, respectively). Supplementation of 25% N through vermicompost and FYM proved to be the best treatment with respect to available nutrient content in soil. The results depicted highest apparent N recovery (55 kg ha-1), agronomic use efficiency (156 kg fruit kg-1 of nutrient applied) and relative agronomic efficiency (1.24) with the utilization of chemical fertilizers and FYM in a 3:1 ratio. The integrated application of chemical fertilizers and organic amendments significantly enhanced the productivity and profitability of grafted brinjal. This strategy addressed both the agronomic and environmental sustainability approach, making it a viable and effective solution for the farmers of the Odisha region.
Article Details
Article Details
Keywords
Agronomic use efficiency, Apparent N recovery, Grafted brinjal , Integrated nutrient management, Relative agronomic efficiency
References
Ahmad, M., & Tripathi, S. K. (2022). Effect of integrated use of vermicompost, FYM and chemical fertilizers on soil properties and productivity of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Alluvial soil. The Journal of Phytopharmacology, 11(2), 101-106.
Basak, B. B., & Biswas, D. R. (2014). Carbon and nitrogen mineralization in soil amended with value-added manures and fertilizers under varying temperature and soil moisture regimes. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science, 62(1), 18-28.
Bray, R. H., & Kurtz, L. T. (1945). Determination of total, organic, and available forms of phosphorus in soils. Soil science, 59(1), 39-46.
Brempong, M. B., & Addo-Danso, A. (2022). Improving soil fertility with organic fertilizers. New Generation of Organic Fertilizers, 1.
Chesnin, L., & Yien, C. H. (1951). Turbidimetric determination of available sulfates.
Engelstad, O. P., Jugsujinda, A., & De Datta, S. K. (1974). Response by flooded rice to phosphate rocks varying in citrate solubility. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 38(3), 524-529.
FAOSTAT: Agriculture production data 2018. Available online: http//www.fao.org/ (Accessed on 13 August 2024)
Ghimire, S., Chhetri, B. P., & Shrestha, J. (2023). Efficacy of different organic and inorganic nutrient sources on the growth and yield of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.). Heliyon, 9(11).
Ghosh, S. K. (2022). Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) and climate resilient agricultural practices.
Gomez, K. A., & Gomez, A. A. (1984). Statistical procedures for agricultural research. John Wiley & sons.
Hesse, P. R., & Hesse, P. R. (1971). A textbook of soil chemical analysis, Murray, London
Iqbal, A., He, L., Khan, A., Wei, S., Akhtar, K., Ali, I., ... & Jiang, L. (2019). Organic manure coupled with inorganic fertilizer: An approach for the sustainable production of rice by improving soil properties and nitrogen use efficiency. Agronomy, 9(10), 651.
Jackson, M. L. (1973). Soil chemical analysis, pentice hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, India, 498, 151-154.
Kakraliya, S. K., Jat, R. D., Kumar, S., Choudhary, K. K., Prakash, J., & Singh, L. K. (2017). Integrated nutrient management for improving, fertilizer use efficiency, soil biodiversity and productivity of wheat in irrigated rice wheat cropping system in Indo-Gangatic plains of India. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 6(3), 152-163.
Kim, H. N., & Park, J. H. (2024). Monitoring of soil EC for the prediction of soil nutrient regime under different soil water and organic matter contents. Applied Biological Chemistry, 67(1), 1.
Kumar, A., & Singh, R. (2020). Role of Integrated Nutrient Management in Enhancing Growth and Yield of Grafted Vegetables. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Practices, 12(3), 45-58.
Kumar, S., Bharti, N., & Saravaiya, S. N. (2018). Vegetable Grafting: A Surgical Approach to combat biotic and abiotic stresses-A review. Agricultural Reviews, 39(1), 1-11.
Liu, Y., Lan, X., Hou, H., Ji, J., Liu, X., & Lv, Z. (2024). Multifaceted Ability of Organic Fertilizers to Improve Crop Productivity and Abiotic Stress Tolerance: Review and Perspectives. Agronomy, 14(6), 1141.
Manickam, R., Chen, J. R., Sotelo-Cardona, P., Kenyon, L., & Srinivasan, R. (2021). Evaluation of different bacterial wilt resistant eggplant rootstocks for grafting tomato. Plants, 10(1), 75.
Mohit, M. K., Singh, M. K., Singh, S. P., & Naresh, R. K. (2019). Effect of integrated use of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients on growth, yield quality and profitability of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum mill.) Var. Pusa rohini. International Journal of Agricultural and Statistical Sciences, 15(1), 57-66.
Musa, I., Rafii, M. Y., Ahmad, K., Ramlee, S. I., Md Hatta, M. A., Magaji, U., ... & Mat Sulaiman, N. N. (2021). Influence of wild relative rootstocks on eggplant growth, yield and fruit physicochemical properties under open field conditions. Agriculture, 11(10), 943.
Muthumanickam, K., Chaudhary, S. K., Singh, S. P., Kumar, R., & Naik, B. M. (2023). Combined application of chemical fertilizers, organics and foliar spray of zinc and iron on yield, quality and water productivity of aerobically grown rice (Oryza sativa) in calcareous soil. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 46(13), 2990-3001.
Nadoda, N. A., Barot, D. C., Baria, V. K., & Chaudhari, V. M. (2024). Exploitation of Grafting for Abiotic and Biotic Stress Management in Vegetable Crops: A Review. Advances in Research, 25(4), 125-131.
Nahar, N., Islam, M. R., Uddin, M. M., de Jong, P., Struik, P. C., & Stomph, T. J. (2019). Disease management in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) nurseries also reduces wilt and fruit rot in subsequent plantings: A participatory testing in Bangladesh. Crop Protection, 120, 113-124.
Nayak, B., Rath, B. S., Shahid, M., Jena, S. N., Bagchi, T. B., & Roy, P. S. (2020). Organic nutrient management in aromatic rice-rice sequence: A critical review. International Journal of Chemical Studies, 8, 1435-1444.
Nordey, T., Schwarz, D., Kenyon, L., Manickam, R., & Huat, J. (2020). Tapping the potential of grafting to improve the performance of vegetable cropping systems in sub-Saharan Africa. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 40(4), 23.
Page, A. L., Miller, R. H., & Keeney, D. R. (1982). Methods of soil analysis. Part 2. Chemical and microbial properties. American Society of Agronomy, Madison, Wiscosin, USA.
Pagoch, K., Srivastava, J. N., & Singh, A. K. (2015). Damping-off disease of seedlings in Solanaceous vegetables: current status and disease management. Recent advances in the diagnosis and management of plant diseases, 35-46.
Paswan, A., Choudhary, A. S., Raj, S., Sonloi, P., & Sonwani, A. (2022). Effect of integrated nutrient management on yield of Brinjal. International Journal of Agriculture and Food Science, 4(1), 12-6.
Pillai, K. G., & Vamadevan, V. K. (1978). Studies on an integrated nutrient supply system for rice. Fertiliser news.
Pilli, K., Samant, P. K., Naresh, P., & Acharya, G. C. (2019). Effect of integrated nutrient management on nutrient recovery, nutrient use efficiency and relative agronomic efficiency of grafted tomato. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 8(3), 506-510
Piper, C. S. (1950). Soil and Plant Analysis (The University of Adelaide.). Inter. Sci. Pub., New York, USA.
Prakash, D., Benbi, D. K., & Saroa, G. S. (2017). Impacts of rate and source of phosphorus application on properties of Typic Haplustept under rice-wheat system. Indian Journal of Fertilisers, 13(3), 36-42.
Prashanth, D. V., Krishnamurthy, R., & Naveen, D. V. (2019). Long-term effect of integrated nutrient management on soil nutrient status, content and uptake by finger millet crop in a typic kandiustalf of eastern dry zone of Karnataka. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 51(2), 161-174.
Samsangheile, K. S. (2014). Integrated nutrient management for quality production of chilli on acid alfisol. Annals of Plant and Soil Research, 16(2), 164-167.
Nishat, S., Islam Hamim, I. H., Khalil, M. I., Ali, M. A., Hossain, M. A., Meah, M. B., & Islam, M. R. (2015). Genetic diversity of the bacterial wilt pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum using a RAPD marker.
Sheoran, S., Prakash, D., Yadav, P. K., Gupta, R. K., Al-Ansari, N., El-Hendawy, S., & Mattar, M. A. (2024). Long-term application of FYM and fertilizer N improve soil fertility and enzyme activity in 51st wheat cycle under pearl millet-wheat. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 21695.
Singh, I., & Thakur, P. (2023). Impact of fungi on the world economy and its sustainability: current status and potentials. In: Fungal resources for sustainable economy: current status and future perspectives (pp. 3-37). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore.
Singh, S. K., Kumar, M., Singh, R. P., Bohra, J. S., Srivastava, J. P., Singh, S. P., & Singh, Y. V. (2018). Conjoint application of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients on yield, nutrient uptake and soil fertility under rice (Oryza sativa)-wheat (Triticum aestivum) system. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science, 66(3), 287-294.
Solanki, M. M., Solanki, M. S., Gajanan Thakare, G. T., Jogi, P. D., & Sapkal, D. R. (2017). Effect of zinc and boron on growth of brinjal (Solanum melongena L.).
Subbiah, B. V., & Asija, G. L. (1956). A rapid procedure for the estimation of available nitrogen in soils.
Walkley, A., & Black, I. A. (1934). An examination of the Degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter, and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil science, 37(1), 29-38.
Yoshida, S. (1981). Fundamentals of rice crop science. International Rice Research Institute, 269.
Zhang, W. (2018). Global pesticide use: Profile, trend, cost/benefit and more. Proceedings of the International Academy of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 8(1), 1.
Basak, B. B., & Biswas, D. R. (2014). Carbon and nitrogen mineralization in soil amended with value-added manures and fertilizers under varying temperature and soil moisture regimes. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science, 62(1), 18-28.
Bray, R. H., & Kurtz, L. T. (1945). Determination of total, organic, and available forms of phosphorus in soils. Soil science, 59(1), 39-46.
Brempong, M. B., & Addo-Danso, A. (2022). Improving soil fertility with organic fertilizers. New Generation of Organic Fertilizers, 1.
Chesnin, L., & Yien, C. H. (1951). Turbidimetric determination of available sulfates.
Engelstad, O. P., Jugsujinda, A., & De Datta, S. K. (1974). Response by flooded rice to phosphate rocks varying in citrate solubility. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 38(3), 524-529.
FAOSTAT: Agriculture production data 2018. Available online: http//www.fao.org/ (Accessed on 13 August 2024)
Ghimire, S., Chhetri, B. P., & Shrestha, J. (2023). Efficacy of different organic and inorganic nutrient sources on the growth and yield of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.). Heliyon, 9(11).
Ghosh, S. K. (2022). Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) and climate resilient agricultural practices.
Gomez, K. A., & Gomez, A. A. (1984). Statistical procedures for agricultural research. John Wiley & sons.
Hesse, P. R., & Hesse, P. R. (1971). A textbook of soil chemical analysis, Murray, London
Iqbal, A., He, L., Khan, A., Wei, S., Akhtar, K., Ali, I., ... & Jiang, L. (2019). Organic manure coupled with inorganic fertilizer: An approach for the sustainable production of rice by improving soil properties and nitrogen use efficiency. Agronomy, 9(10), 651.
Jackson, M. L. (1973). Soil chemical analysis, pentice hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, India, 498, 151-154.
Kakraliya, S. K., Jat, R. D., Kumar, S., Choudhary, K. K., Prakash, J., & Singh, L. K. (2017). Integrated nutrient management for improving, fertilizer use efficiency, soil biodiversity and productivity of wheat in irrigated rice wheat cropping system in Indo-Gangatic plains of India. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 6(3), 152-163.
Kim, H. N., & Park, J. H. (2024). Monitoring of soil EC for the prediction of soil nutrient regime under different soil water and organic matter contents. Applied Biological Chemistry, 67(1), 1.
Kumar, A., & Singh, R. (2020). Role of Integrated Nutrient Management in Enhancing Growth and Yield of Grafted Vegetables. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Practices, 12(3), 45-58.
Kumar, S., Bharti, N., & Saravaiya, S. N. (2018). Vegetable Grafting: A Surgical Approach to combat biotic and abiotic stresses-A review. Agricultural Reviews, 39(1), 1-11.
Liu, Y., Lan, X., Hou, H., Ji, J., Liu, X., & Lv, Z. (2024). Multifaceted Ability of Organic Fertilizers to Improve Crop Productivity and Abiotic Stress Tolerance: Review and Perspectives. Agronomy, 14(6), 1141.
Manickam, R., Chen, J. R., Sotelo-Cardona, P., Kenyon, L., & Srinivasan, R. (2021). Evaluation of different bacterial wilt resistant eggplant rootstocks for grafting tomato. Plants, 10(1), 75.
Mohit, M. K., Singh, M. K., Singh, S. P., & Naresh, R. K. (2019). Effect of integrated use of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients on growth, yield quality and profitability of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum mill.) Var. Pusa rohini. International Journal of Agricultural and Statistical Sciences, 15(1), 57-66.
Musa, I., Rafii, M. Y., Ahmad, K., Ramlee, S. I., Md Hatta, M. A., Magaji, U., ... & Mat Sulaiman, N. N. (2021). Influence of wild relative rootstocks on eggplant growth, yield and fruit physicochemical properties under open field conditions. Agriculture, 11(10), 943.
Muthumanickam, K., Chaudhary, S. K., Singh, S. P., Kumar, R., & Naik, B. M. (2023). Combined application of chemical fertilizers, organics and foliar spray of zinc and iron on yield, quality and water productivity of aerobically grown rice (Oryza sativa) in calcareous soil. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 46(13), 2990-3001.
Nadoda, N. A., Barot, D. C., Baria, V. K., & Chaudhari, V. M. (2024). Exploitation of Grafting for Abiotic and Biotic Stress Management in Vegetable Crops: A Review. Advances in Research, 25(4), 125-131.
Nahar, N., Islam, M. R., Uddin, M. M., de Jong, P., Struik, P. C., & Stomph, T. J. (2019). Disease management in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) nurseries also reduces wilt and fruit rot in subsequent plantings: A participatory testing in Bangladesh. Crop Protection, 120, 113-124.
Nayak, B., Rath, B. S., Shahid, M., Jena, S. N., Bagchi, T. B., & Roy, P. S. (2020). Organic nutrient management in aromatic rice-rice sequence: A critical review. International Journal of Chemical Studies, 8, 1435-1444.
Nordey, T., Schwarz, D., Kenyon, L., Manickam, R., & Huat, J. (2020). Tapping the potential of grafting to improve the performance of vegetable cropping systems in sub-Saharan Africa. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 40(4), 23.
Page, A. L., Miller, R. H., & Keeney, D. R. (1982). Methods of soil analysis. Part 2. Chemical and microbial properties. American Society of Agronomy, Madison, Wiscosin, USA.
Pagoch, K., Srivastava, J. N., & Singh, A. K. (2015). Damping-off disease of seedlings in Solanaceous vegetables: current status and disease management. Recent advances in the diagnosis and management of plant diseases, 35-46.
Paswan, A., Choudhary, A. S., Raj, S., Sonloi, P., & Sonwani, A. (2022). Effect of integrated nutrient management on yield of Brinjal. International Journal of Agriculture and Food Science, 4(1), 12-6.
Pillai, K. G., & Vamadevan, V. K. (1978). Studies on an integrated nutrient supply system for rice. Fertiliser news.
Pilli, K., Samant, P. K., Naresh, P., & Acharya, G. C. (2019). Effect of integrated nutrient management on nutrient recovery, nutrient use efficiency and relative agronomic efficiency of grafted tomato. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 8(3), 506-510
Piper, C. S. (1950). Soil and Plant Analysis (The University of Adelaide.). Inter. Sci. Pub., New York, USA.
Prakash, D., Benbi, D. K., & Saroa, G. S. (2017). Impacts of rate and source of phosphorus application on properties of Typic Haplustept under rice-wheat system. Indian Journal of Fertilisers, 13(3), 36-42.
Prashanth, D. V., Krishnamurthy, R., & Naveen, D. V. (2019). Long-term effect of integrated nutrient management on soil nutrient status, content and uptake by finger millet crop in a typic kandiustalf of eastern dry zone of Karnataka. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 51(2), 161-174.
Samsangheile, K. S. (2014). Integrated nutrient management for quality production of chilli on acid alfisol. Annals of Plant and Soil Research, 16(2), 164-167.
Nishat, S., Islam Hamim, I. H., Khalil, M. I., Ali, M. A., Hossain, M. A., Meah, M. B., & Islam, M. R. (2015). Genetic diversity of the bacterial wilt pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum using a RAPD marker.
Sheoran, S., Prakash, D., Yadav, P. K., Gupta, R. K., Al-Ansari, N., El-Hendawy, S., & Mattar, M. A. (2024). Long-term application of FYM and fertilizer N improve soil fertility and enzyme activity in 51st wheat cycle under pearl millet-wheat. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 21695.
Singh, I., & Thakur, P. (2023). Impact of fungi on the world economy and its sustainability: current status and potentials. In: Fungal resources for sustainable economy: current status and future perspectives (pp. 3-37). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore.
Singh, S. K., Kumar, M., Singh, R. P., Bohra, J. S., Srivastava, J. P., Singh, S. P., & Singh, Y. V. (2018). Conjoint application of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients on yield, nutrient uptake and soil fertility under rice (Oryza sativa)-wheat (Triticum aestivum) system. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science, 66(3), 287-294.
Solanki, M. M., Solanki, M. S., Gajanan Thakare, G. T., Jogi, P. D., & Sapkal, D. R. (2017). Effect of zinc and boron on growth of brinjal (Solanum melongena L.).
Subbiah, B. V., & Asija, G. L. (1956). A rapid procedure for the estimation of available nitrogen in soils.
Walkley, A., & Black, I. A. (1934). An examination of the Degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter, and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil science, 37(1), 29-38.
Yoshida, S. (1981). Fundamentals of rice crop science. International Rice Research Institute, 269.
Zhang, W. (2018). Global pesticide use: Profile, trend, cost/benefit and more. Proceedings of the International Academy of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 8(1), 1.
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Enhancement of productivity and profitability of grafted brinjal under Integrated nutrient management practices. (2025). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 17(2), 702-712. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v17i2.6048
