Growth and ectomycorrhization of banj oak plants co-inoculated with Scleroderma bovista and mycorrhizosphere bacteria
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Abstract
Effect of composite treatment of ectomycorrhizal fungus (EMF), Scleroderma bovista, along with mycorrhizosphere bacterial inoculants was studied for nine months on Quercus leucotrichophora plants grown in nursery glasshouse. Seven treatments comprising of one uninoculated control; two bacterial controls, Bacillus subtilis MB14 and Pseudomonas fluorescens MB 9, respectively; EMF control, S. bovista; two combinations of two bacterial treatments with EMF and one triple treatment of two bacteria with EMF, were used in the study. The ninth month of sampling showed that triple treatment of two strains of bacteria with EMF maximally enhanced root length (38.86 cm), dry weight (6.746 g), short roots (351.6), lateral roots (24.8) and EMF colonization (34.8%) of banj oak plant, which was fairly higher than uninoculated and bacterial controls. Bacteria treated plants showed no plant growth enhancement, whereas EMF treatment fairly enhanced plant growth. The co-inoculation practice can help oak plant in achieving the mycorrhization rate even with lower EMF doses. These findings will be beneficial for achieving the effective banj oak replantation in the Himalayan region.
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Keywords
Ectomycorrhiza, Growth enhancement, Mycorrhiza helper bacteria, Scleroderma bovista
References
Amijee, F., Tinker, P.B. and Stribley, D.P. (1989). The development of endomycorrhizal root systems. VII. A detailed study of effects of soil phosphorus on colonization. New Phytologist, 111(3): 435-446.
Aryal, H.P. and Budathoki, U. (2013). Ethnomycological studies on some macro-fungi in Rupandehi District, Nepal Banko Janakari, 23(1): 51-56.
Aspray, T.J., Frey-Klett, P., Jones, J.E., Whipps, J.M., Garbaye, J. and Bending, G.D. (2006). Mycorrhization helper bacteria: a case of specificity for altering ectomycorrhiza architecture but not ectomycorrhiza formation. Mycorrhiza, 16(8): 533-541.
Budi, S.W., Van Tuinen, D., Martinotti, G. and Gianinazzi, S. (1999). Isolation from the Sorghum bicolor mycorrhizosphere of a bacterium compatible with arbuscular mycorrhiza development and antagonistic towards soilborne fungal pathogens. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 65(11): 5148-5150.
Dahm, H., Strzelczyk, E., Ciesielska, A. and Redlak, K. (1998). The effect of ectomycorrhizal fungi and bacteria on pine seedlings. Acta Mycologica, 33(1): 25-36.
Danell, E., Alström, S. and Ternström, A. (1993). Pseudomonas fluorescens in association with fruit bodies of the ectomycorrhizal mushroom Cantharellus cibarius. Mycological Research, 97(9): 1148-1152.
Dunstan, W.A., Malajczuk, N. and Dell, B. (1998). Effects of bacteria on mycorrhizal development and growth of container grown Eucalyptus diversicolor F. Muell. seedlings. Plant and Soil, 201(2): 241-249.
Duponnois, R. and Garbaye, J. (1991). Effect of dual inoculation of Douglas fir with the ectomycorrhizal fungus Laccaria laccata and mycorrhization helper bacteria (MHB) in two bare-root forest nurseries. Plant and Soil, 138(2): 169-176.
Duponnois, R. and Garbaye, J. (1992). Aplication of AMB (auxillary mycorrhization bacteria) during inoculation of douglas fir by Laccaria laccata S238 in a forest nursery. Revue Forestiere Francaise, 44(6): 491-500.
Duponnois, R. and Plenchette, C. (2003). A mycorrhiza helper bacterium enhances ectomycorrhizal and endomycorrhizal symbiosis of Australian Acacia species. Mycorrhiza, 13(2): 85-91.
Founoune, H., Duponnois, R., Ba, A., Sall, S., Branget, I., Lorquin, J., Neyra, M. and Chotte, J.-L. (2002a). Mycorrhiza helper bacteria stimulate ectomycorrhizal symbiosis of Acacia holosericea with Pisolithus alba. New Phytologist, 153(1): 81-89.
Founoune, H., Duponnois, R., Meyer, J.M., Thioulouse, J., Masse, D., Chotte, J.L. and Neyra, M. (2002b). Interactions between ectomycorrhizal symbiosis and fluorescent pseudomonads on Acacia holosericea: isolation of mycorrhiza helper bacteria (MHB) from a Soudano-Sahelian soil. FEMS Microbiol Ecol, 41(1): 37-46.
Frey-Klett, P., Pierrat, J.C. and Garbaye, J. (1997). Location and survival of mycorrhiza helper Pseudomonas fluorescens during establishment of ectomycorrhizal symbiosis between Laccaria bicolor and Douglas Fir. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 63(1): 139-144.
Garbaye, J. (1994a). Tansley Review No. 76 Helper bacteria: a new dimension to the mycorrhizal symbiosis. New Phytologist, 128(2): 197-210.
Garbaye, J. (1994b). Transley Review No. 76: Helper bacteria: a new dimension to the mycorrhizal symbiosis. New Phytology, 128: 197-210.
Garbaye, J., Churin, J.-L. and Duponnois, R. (1992). Effects of substrate sterilization, fungicide treatment, and mycorrhization helper bacteria on ectomycorrhizal formation of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur) inoculated with Laccaria laccata in two peat bare-root nurseries. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 13(1): 55-57.
Gong, M., Wang, J.-D., Zhang, J., Yang, H., Lu, X.-F., Pei, Y. and Cheng, J.-Q. (2006). Study of the antifungal ability of Bacillus subtilis strain PY-1 in vitro and identification of its antifungal substance (Iturin A). Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica, 38(4): 233-240.
Hauer, R.J. and Dawson, J.O. (1996). Growth and iron sequestering of pin oak (Quercus palustris) seedlings inoculated with soil containing ectomycorrhizal fungi. Journal of Arboriculture, 22: 122-130.
Heinonsalo, J., Jorgensen, K.S., Haahtela, K. and Sen, R. (2000). Effects of Pinus sylvestris root growth and mycorrhizosphere development on bacterial carbon source utilization and hydrocarbon oxidation in forest and petroleum-contaminated soils. Can J Microbiol, 46(5): 451-464.
Hetrick, B.A.D. (1989). Acquisition of phosphorus by VA mycorrhizal fungi and the growth responses of their host plants, Boddy, L., Marchand, R.M. and Read, D.J. (Eds.), Nitrogen, phosphorus and sulphur utilization by fungi. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 205-226.
Karabaghli, C., Frey-Klett, P., Sotta, B., Bonnet, M. and Le Tacon, F. (1998). In vitro effects of Laccaria bicolor S238 N and Pseudomonas fluorescens strain BBc6 on rooting of de-rooted shoot hypocotyls of Norway spruce. Tree Physiology, 18(2): 103-111.
Kropp, B.R. and Langlois, C.-G. (1990). Ectomycorrhizae in reforestation. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 20(4): 438-451.
Kumar, A. and Ram, J. (2005). Anthropogenic disturbances and plant biodiversity in forests of Uttaranchal, Central Himalaya. Biodiversity and Conservation, 14: 309-331.
Kumar, M. and Sharma, C.M. (2009). Fuelwood consumption pattern at different altitudes in rural areas of Garhwal Himalaya. Biomass and Bioenergy, 33(10): 1413-1418.
Leyval, C. and Berthelin, J. (1991). Weathering of a mica by roots and rhizospheric microorganisms of pine. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 55(4): 1009-1016.
Ligon, J.M., Hill, D.S., Hammer, P.E., Torkewitz, N.R., Hofmann, D., Kempf, H.-J. and Pée, K.-H.v. (2000). Natural products with antifungal activity from Pseudomonas biocontrol bacteria. Pest Management Science, 56(8): 688-695.
Mahaffee, W.F. and Kloepper, J.W. (1997). Bacterial communities of the rhizosphere and endorhiza associated with field-grown cucumber plants inoculated with a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium or its genetically modified derivative. Can J Microbiol, 43(4): 344-353.
Marx, D. (1970). The influence of ectotrophic mycorrhizal fungi on the resistance of Pine roots to pathogenic infections. V. Resistance of mycorrhizae to infection by vegetative mycelium of Phytophthora cinnamomi. Phytopathology, 60(10): 1472-1473.
Pinchuk, I.V., Bressollier, P., Sorokulova, I.B., Verneuil, B. and Urdaci, M.C. (2002). Amicoumacin antibiotic production and genetic diversity of Bacillus subtilis strains isolated from different habitats. Res Microbiol, 153(5): 269-276.
Rizvi, R. and Khan, A. (2009). Response of Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) to fly ash and brick kiln dust amended soil. Biology and Medicine, 1(2): 20-24.
Sarwar, S., Jabeen, S. and Khalid, A.N. (2013). Additions to ectomycorrhizae associated with Populus ciliata Wall. Ex Royle from Pakistan. Journal of Yeast and Fungal Research, 4(8): 98-102.
Schelkle, M. and Peterson, R. (1997). Suppression of common root pathogens by helper bacteria and ectomycorrhizal fungi in vitro. Mycorrhiza, 6(6): 481-485.
Schrey, S.D., Schellhammer, M., Ecke, M., Hampp, R. and Tarkka, M.T. (2005). Mycorrhiza helper bacterium Streptomyces AcH 505 induces differential gene expression in the ectomycorrhizal fungus Amanita muscaria. New Phytologist, 168(1): 205-216.
Sim, M.Y. and Eom, A.H. (2006). Effects of ectomycorrhizal fungi on growth of seedlings of Pinus densiflora. Mycobiology, 34(4): 191-195.
Singh, G. and Rawat, G.S. (2012). Depletion of oak (Quercus spp.) forests in the western Himalaya: grazing, fuelwood and fodder collection., Okia, C.A. (Ed.), Global per-spectives on sustainable forest management. InTech.
Souto, E.B., Wissing, S.A., Barbosa, C.M. and Müller, R.H. (2004). Development of a controlled release formulation based on SLN and NLC for topical clotrimazole delivery. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 278(1): 71-77.
Uroz, S., Calvaruso, C., Turpault, M., Pierrat, J., Mustin, C. and Frey-Klett, P. (2007). Effect of the my-corrhizosphere on the genotypic and metabolic diver-sity of the bacterial communities involved in mineral weathering in a forest soil. Applied and Environ-mental Microbiology, 73(9): 3019-3027.
Weller, D.M. (1988). Biological control of soilborne plant pathogens in the rhizosphere with bacteria. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 26(1): 379-407.
Yadav, A., Bhatt, M. and Dubey, R.C. (2001). Characteri-zation of mycorrhizosphere bacteria isolated from deodar and oak seedlings from Kumaun Himalaya. Journal of Indian Botanical Society, 80: 209-211.
Yadav, A. and Yadav, K. (2012). Physiological study of two ectomycorrhizal fungi isolated from Kumaun Himalaya. Indian Forester, 138(1): 17-21.
Yang, C.-H. and Crowley, D.E. (2000). Rhizosphere mi-crobial community structure in relation to root loca-tion and plant iron nutritional status. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 66(1): 345-351.
Aryal, H.P. and Budathoki, U. (2013). Ethnomycological studies on some macro-fungi in Rupandehi District, Nepal Banko Janakari, 23(1): 51-56.
Aspray, T.J., Frey-Klett, P., Jones, J.E., Whipps, J.M., Garbaye, J. and Bending, G.D. (2006). Mycorrhization helper bacteria: a case of specificity for altering ectomycorrhiza architecture but not ectomycorrhiza formation. Mycorrhiza, 16(8): 533-541.
Budi, S.W., Van Tuinen, D., Martinotti, G. and Gianinazzi, S. (1999). Isolation from the Sorghum bicolor mycorrhizosphere of a bacterium compatible with arbuscular mycorrhiza development and antagonistic towards soilborne fungal pathogens. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 65(11): 5148-5150.
Dahm, H., Strzelczyk, E., Ciesielska, A. and Redlak, K. (1998). The effect of ectomycorrhizal fungi and bacteria on pine seedlings. Acta Mycologica, 33(1): 25-36.
Danell, E., Alström, S. and Ternström, A. (1993). Pseudomonas fluorescens in association with fruit bodies of the ectomycorrhizal mushroom Cantharellus cibarius. Mycological Research, 97(9): 1148-1152.
Dunstan, W.A., Malajczuk, N. and Dell, B. (1998). Effects of bacteria on mycorrhizal development and growth of container grown Eucalyptus diversicolor F. Muell. seedlings. Plant and Soil, 201(2): 241-249.
Duponnois, R. and Garbaye, J. (1991). Effect of dual inoculation of Douglas fir with the ectomycorrhizal fungus Laccaria laccata and mycorrhization helper bacteria (MHB) in two bare-root forest nurseries. Plant and Soil, 138(2): 169-176.
Duponnois, R. and Garbaye, J. (1992). Aplication of AMB (auxillary mycorrhization bacteria) during inoculation of douglas fir by Laccaria laccata S238 in a forest nursery. Revue Forestiere Francaise, 44(6): 491-500.
Duponnois, R. and Plenchette, C. (2003). A mycorrhiza helper bacterium enhances ectomycorrhizal and endomycorrhizal symbiosis of Australian Acacia species. Mycorrhiza, 13(2): 85-91.
Founoune, H., Duponnois, R., Ba, A., Sall, S., Branget, I., Lorquin, J., Neyra, M. and Chotte, J.-L. (2002a). Mycorrhiza helper bacteria stimulate ectomycorrhizal symbiosis of Acacia holosericea with Pisolithus alba. New Phytologist, 153(1): 81-89.
Founoune, H., Duponnois, R., Meyer, J.M., Thioulouse, J., Masse, D., Chotte, J.L. and Neyra, M. (2002b). Interactions between ectomycorrhizal symbiosis and fluorescent pseudomonads on Acacia holosericea: isolation of mycorrhiza helper bacteria (MHB) from a Soudano-Sahelian soil. FEMS Microbiol Ecol, 41(1): 37-46.
Frey-Klett, P., Pierrat, J.C. and Garbaye, J. (1997). Location and survival of mycorrhiza helper Pseudomonas fluorescens during establishment of ectomycorrhizal symbiosis between Laccaria bicolor and Douglas Fir. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 63(1): 139-144.
Garbaye, J. (1994a). Tansley Review No. 76 Helper bacteria: a new dimension to the mycorrhizal symbiosis. New Phytologist, 128(2): 197-210.
Garbaye, J. (1994b). Transley Review No. 76: Helper bacteria: a new dimension to the mycorrhizal symbiosis. New Phytology, 128: 197-210.
Garbaye, J., Churin, J.-L. and Duponnois, R. (1992). Effects of substrate sterilization, fungicide treatment, and mycorrhization helper bacteria on ectomycorrhizal formation of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur) inoculated with Laccaria laccata in two peat bare-root nurseries. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 13(1): 55-57.
Gong, M., Wang, J.-D., Zhang, J., Yang, H., Lu, X.-F., Pei, Y. and Cheng, J.-Q. (2006). Study of the antifungal ability of Bacillus subtilis strain PY-1 in vitro and identification of its antifungal substance (Iturin A). Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica, 38(4): 233-240.
Hauer, R.J. and Dawson, J.O. (1996). Growth and iron sequestering of pin oak (Quercus palustris) seedlings inoculated with soil containing ectomycorrhizal fungi. Journal of Arboriculture, 22: 122-130.
Heinonsalo, J., Jorgensen, K.S., Haahtela, K. and Sen, R. (2000). Effects of Pinus sylvestris root growth and mycorrhizosphere development on bacterial carbon source utilization and hydrocarbon oxidation in forest and petroleum-contaminated soils. Can J Microbiol, 46(5): 451-464.
Hetrick, B.A.D. (1989). Acquisition of phosphorus by VA mycorrhizal fungi and the growth responses of their host plants, Boddy, L., Marchand, R.M. and Read, D.J. (Eds.), Nitrogen, phosphorus and sulphur utilization by fungi. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 205-226.
Karabaghli, C., Frey-Klett, P., Sotta, B., Bonnet, M. and Le Tacon, F. (1998). In vitro effects of Laccaria bicolor S238 N and Pseudomonas fluorescens strain BBc6 on rooting of de-rooted shoot hypocotyls of Norway spruce. Tree Physiology, 18(2): 103-111.
Kropp, B.R. and Langlois, C.-G. (1990). Ectomycorrhizae in reforestation. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 20(4): 438-451.
Kumar, A. and Ram, J. (2005). Anthropogenic disturbances and plant biodiversity in forests of Uttaranchal, Central Himalaya. Biodiversity and Conservation, 14: 309-331.
Kumar, M. and Sharma, C.M. (2009). Fuelwood consumption pattern at different altitudes in rural areas of Garhwal Himalaya. Biomass and Bioenergy, 33(10): 1413-1418.
Leyval, C. and Berthelin, J. (1991). Weathering of a mica by roots and rhizospheric microorganisms of pine. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 55(4): 1009-1016.
Ligon, J.M., Hill, D.S., Hammer, P.E., Torkewitz, N.R., Hofmann, D., Kempf, H.-J. and Pée, K.-H.v. (2000). Natural products with antifungal activity from Pseudomonas biocontrol bacteria. Pest Management Science, 56(8): 688-695.
Mahaffee, W.F. and Kloepper, J.W. (1997). Bacterial communities of the rhizosphere and endorhiza associated with field-grown cucumber plants inoculated with a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium or its genetically modified derivative. Can J Microbiol, 43(4): 344-353.
Marx, D. (1970). The influence of ectotrophic mycorrhizal fungi on the resistance of Pine roots to pathogenic infections. V. Resistance of mycorrhizae to infection by vegetative mycelium of Phytophthora cinnamomi. Phytopathology, 60(10): 1472-1473.
Pinchuk, I.V., Bressollier, P., Sorokulova, I.B., Verneuil, B. and Urdaci, M.C. (2002). Amicoumacin antibiotic production and genetic diversity of Bacillus subtilis strains isolated from different habitats. Res Microbiol, 153(5): 269-276.
Rizvi, R. and Khan, A. (2009). Response of Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) to fly ash and brick kiln dust amended soil. Biology and Medicine, 1(2): 20-24.
Sarwar, S., Jabeen, S. and Khalid, A.N. (2013). Additions to ectomycorrhizae associated with Populus ciliata Wall. Ex Royle from Pakistan. Journal of Yeast and Fungal Research, 4(8): 98-102.
Schelkle, M. and Peterson, R. (1997). Suppression of common root pathogens by helper bacteria and ectomycorrhizal fungi in vitro. Mycorrhiza, 6(6): 481-485.
Schrey, S.D., Schellhammer, M., Ecke, M., Hampp, R. and Tarkka, M.T. (2005). Mycorrhiza helper bacterium Streptomyces AcH 505 induces differential gene expression in the ectomycorrhizal fungus Amanita muscaria. New Phytologist, 168(1): 205-216.
Sim, M.Y. and Eom, A.H. (2006). Effects of ectomycorrhizal fungi on growth of seedlings of Pinus densiflora. Mycobiology, 34(4): 191-195.
Singh, G. and Rawat, G.S. (2012). Depletion of oak (Quercus spp.) forests in the western Himalaya: grazing, fuelwood and fodder collection., Okia, C.A. (Ed.), Global per-spectives on sustainable forest management. InTech.
Souto, E.B., Wissing, S.A., Barbosa, C.M. and Müller, R.H. (2004). Development of a controlled release formulation based on SLN and NLC for topical clotrimazole delivery. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 278(1): 71-77.
Uroz, S., Calvaruso, C., Turpault, M., Pierrat, J., Mustin, C. and Frey-Klett, P. (2007). Effect of the my-corrhizosphere on the genotypic and metabolic diver-sity of the bacterial communities involved in mineral weathering in a forest soil. Applied and Environ-mental Microbiology, 73(9): 3019-3027.
Weller, D.M. (1988). Biological control of soilborne plant pathogens in the rhizosphere with bacteria. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 26(1): 379-407.
Yadav, A., Bhatt, M. and Dubey, R.C. (2001). Characteri-zation of mycorrhizosphere bacteria isolated from deodar and oak seedlings from Kumaun Himalaya. Journal of Indian Botanical Society, 80: 209-211.
Yadav, A. and Yadav, K. (2012). Physiological study of two ectomycorrhizal fungi isolated from Kumaun Himalaya. Indian Forester, 138(1): 17-21.
Yang, C.-H. and Crowley, D.E. (2000). Rhizosphere mi-crobial community structure in relation to root loca-tion and plant iron nutritional status. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 66(1): 345-351.
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Growth and ectomycorrhization of banj oak plants co-inoculated with Scleroderma bovista and mycorrhizosphere bacteria. (2015). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 7(1), 265-272. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v7i1.600
