Synergistic effect of Camel milk and Hibiscus rosa sinensis on the reproduction of Type II diabetic albino Wistar rats
Article Main
Abstract
Diabetes adversely affects male reproduction and closely associated with male infertility. The present study designed to assess the synergistic effects of Camel milk and Hibiscus rosa sinensis on the reproduction of type II diabetic Wistar rats over one month. Rats were divided into seven groups: control (Group I) and diabetic control (Group II). Group III received 125 mg/kg/day H. rosa sinensis, whereas Group IV received 50 ml/rat/day Camel milk. Groups V–VII were treated synergistically with varying H. rosa sinensis and Camel milk dosages. Group II showed persistent hyperglycemic state, gradually decreasing in treatment groups (III-IV) and synergistic groups (V-VII). The pancreas of Group II rats was damaged, including acinar cell necrosis and vacuolation. These damages were significantly improved in treatment groups (III-IV) and synergistic groups (V-VII). Group II male rats exhibited significant damage to their seminiferous tubules, including a decrease in diameter, and loss of spermatozoa. Seminiferous tubule structures were significantly improved in treatment groups III & IV. The 1st synergistic group (V) demonstrated greater recovery of altered seminiferous tubule structures than the 2nd and 3rd synergistic groups (VI and VII). Sperm analysis revealed that Group II animals had significantly reduced sperm count, motility, and viability, whereas treatment groups III-IV had better sperm characteristics. The synergistic group (V) had a greater sperm count, motility, and viability than synergistic groups (VI and VII). The present study showed synergistic benefits of H. rosa sinensis and Camel milk in treating and reproducing type II diabetic rats at very low doses.
Article Details
Article Details
Camel milk, Glycemic level, Hibiscus rosa sinensis, Histology, Type II diabetes
Alkurd, R., Hanash, N., Khalid, N., Abdelrahim, D. N., Khan, M. A., Mahrous, L., Radwan, H.,Naja, F., Madkour, M., Obaideen, K., Shihab, K., A. & Faris, M. (2022). Effect of camel milk on glucose homeostasis in patients with diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutrients, 14(6), 1245. Doi:10.3390/nu14061245
Bodman, M. A., Dreyer, M. A. & Varacallo, M. (2024). Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy. Infection (eg, HIV), 23(24), 25.
Budin, S. B., Rahman, W. Z. A., Jubaidi, F. F., Yusof, N. L. M., Taib, I. S. & Zainalabidin, S. (2018). Roselle (Hibiscus sabdiriffa) polyphenol-rich extract prevents testicular damage in diabetic rats. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 8(2), 65-70. Doi: 10.7324/JAPS.2018.8210
Chatterjee, S., Khunti, K. & Davies, M. J. (2017). Type 2 diabetes. The Lancet, 389(10085), 2239-2251. Doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30058-2
Chauhan, K. & Rani, S. (2024). Evaluation of antidiabetic potential of Hibiscus rosa sinensis on streptozotocin-induced diabetes on Wistar albino rats. Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 16(1), 245-250. Doi: 10.31018/jans.v16i1.5334
Chauhan, K., Shuklan, P., Raj, A., Ahlawat, S. & Rani, S. (2023). Effect of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis and Camel Milk on the Reproduction of Diabetic Male Albino Rats–A Review. Bulletin of Pure & Applied Sciences-Zoology, (2). Doi: 10.48165/bpas.2023.42A.2.10
Defronzo, R. A., Ferrannini, E., Groop, L., Henry, R. R., Herman, W. H., Holst, J. J., Hu, F. B., Kahn, C. R., Raz, I., Shulman, G. I., Simonson, D. C., Testa, M. A. & Weiss, R. (2015). Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nature Reviews Disease Primers, 1(1), 1-22.
Gad, S. B., Fayed, A. H. H., Hafez, M. H. & Abdel-Hafeiz, A. H. (2018). Does camel milk have a positive impact on rat reproductive functions? Alexandria Journal for Veterinary Sciences, 59(1). Doi: 10.5455/ajvs.4340
Galicia-Garcia, U., Benito-Vicente, A., Jebari, S., Larrea-Sebal, A., Siddiqi, H., Uribe, K. B., Ostolaza, H. & Martín, C. (2020). Pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(17), 6275. Doi: 10.3390/ijms21176275
Idris, M. H. M., Budin, S. B., Osman, M. & Mohamed, J. (2012). Protective role of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx extract against streptozotocin-induced sperm damage in diabetic rats. Excli Journal, 11, 659.
Ma, C. X., Ma, X. N., Guan, C. H., Li, Y. D., Mauricio, D. & Fu, S. B. (2022). Cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus: progress toward personalized management. Cardiovascular Diabetology, 21(1), 74. Doi: 10.1186/s12933-022-01516-6
Maiti, R. (2017). Diabetes-induced testicular dysfunction correction by hydromethanolic extract of Tamarindus indica Linn. seed in male albino rat. International Journal of Green Pharmacy (IJGP), 11(04). Doi:10.22377/ijgp.v11i04.1360
Malik, A., Al-Senaidy, A., Skrzypczak-Jankun, E. &Jankun, J. (2012). A study of the anti-diabetic agents of camel milk. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 30(3), 585-592. Doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2012.1051
Meena, S., Rajput, Y. S., Pandey, A. K., Sharma, R. & Singh, R. (2016). Camel milk ameliorates hyperglycemia and oxidative damage in type-1 diabetic experimental rats. Journal of Dairy Research, 83(3), 412-419. Doi: 10.1017/S002202991600042X
Mirmiran, P., Ejtahed, H. S., Angoorani, P., Eslami, F. & Azizi, F. (2017). Camel milk has beneficial effects on diabetes mellitus: A systematic review. International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 15(2). Doi: 10.5812/ijem.42150
Mohamad, R. H., Zekry, Z. K., Al-Mehdar, H. A., Salama, O., El-Shaieb, S. E., El-Basmy, A. A., Al-said, M. G. A. M. & Sharawy, S. M. (2009). Camel milk as an adjuvant therapy for the treatment of type 1 diabetes: verification of a traditional ethnomedical practice. Journal of Medicinal Food, 12(2), 461-465. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2008.0009
Ojiako, O. A., Chikezie, P. C. & Ogbuji, A. C. (2016). Blood glucose level and lipid profile of alloxan-induced hyperglycemic rats treated with single and combinatorial herbal formulations. Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, 6(2), 184-192. Doi: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2014.12.005
Pant, N. & Srivastava, S. P. (2003). Testicular and spermatotoxic effects of quinalphos in rats. Journal of Applied Toxicology: An International Journal, 23(4), 271-274. Doi: 10.1002/jat.919
Pillai, S. S. & Mini, S. (2016). Hibiscus rosa sinensis Linn. petals modulates glycogen metabolism and glucose homeostasis signalling pathway in streptozotocin-induced experimental diabetes. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 71, 42-48. Doi: 10.1007/s11130-015-0521-6
Raj, A., Shuklan, P., Madan, P., Chauhan, K., Phogat, J. & Rani, S. (2023). Comparative attenuating impact of camel milk and insulin in streptozotocin-induced diabetic albino rats. ACS Omega, 8(32), 29270-29280. Doi: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02626
Ray, S. & Pramanik, S. (2020). Reproductive dysfunctions in males with type 2 diabetes mellitus: an updated review. Diabetes, 8(1):79-89.
Sachdewa, A., Nigam, R. & Khemani, L. D. (2001). Hypoglycemic effect of Hibiscus rosa sinensis L. leaf extract in glucose and streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemic rats. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 39(03), 284-286.
Sanadheera, S., Subasinghe, D., Solangaarachchi, M. N., Suraweera, M., Suraweera, N. Y. &Tharangika, N. (2021). Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.(red Hibiscus) Tea, Can It Be Used as A Home-Remedy to Control Diabetes and Hypercholesterolemia? Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry, 10(1), 59-65. Doi: 10.14421/biomedich.2021.101.59-65
Sankaran, M. & Vadivel, A. (2011). Antioxidant and Antidiabetic effect of Hibiscus rosa sinensis flower extract on Streptozotocin induced experimental rats-a dose response study. Notulae Scientia Biologicae, 3(4), 13-21. Doi:10.15835/nsb346348
Saumya, S. M. & Basha, P. M. (2017). Fluoride exposure aggravates the testicular damage and sperm quality in diabetic mice: protective role of ginseng and banaba. Biological Trace Element Research, 177(2), 331-344. Doi: 10.1007/s12011-016-0893-y
Shahriari, S., Hejazi, N. & Eftekhari, M. H. (2018). The role of camel milk in treatment of type 2 diabetes: a review. International Journal of Nutrition Sciences, 3(3), 120-126.
Sharma, K., Pareek, A. & Chauhan, E. S. (2016). Evaluation of hyperglycemic and hyperlipidemic mitigating impact of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (Gudhal) flower in type II diabetes mellitus subjects. International Journal of Applied Biology and Pharmaceutical Technology, 7(2), 223-228.
Shuklan, P., Raj, A., Chauhan, K., Madan, P. & Rani, S. (2023). Systematic toxicity of cypermethrin and alterations in behavior of albino rats. ACS Omega, 8(16), 14766-14773. Doi: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00817
Singh, R., Ghorui, S. K. & Sahani, M. S. (2006). Camel milk: Properties and processing potential. Sahani, MS The Indian Camel. NRCC, Bikaner, 59-73.
Srinivasulu, K. &Changamma, C. J. I. J. (2017). A Study on the Effect of Ocimum sanctum (Linn.) Leaf Extract and Ursolic Acid on Spermatogenesis in Male Rats. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 79(1). Doi:10.4172/pharmaceutical-sciences.1000213
Vasan, S. S. (2011). Semen analysis and sperm function tests: How much to test? Indian Journal of Urology, 27(1), 41-48. Doi: 10.4103/0970-1591.78424
Venkatesh, S. & Thilagavathi, J. (2008). Anti-diabetic activity of flowers of Hibiscus rosasinensis. Fitoterapia, 79(2), 79-81. Doi: 10.1016/j.fitote.2007.06.015
Vimala, H., Naik, P. R. & Chandavar, V. R. (2008). The insulin-secreting activity of Hibiscus rosa sinensis Linn, leaf extract in diabetes-induced Wistar rat. The Bioscan, 3, 293.
World Health Organization. (2016). WHO Global report on diabetes. World Health Organization.
Zheng, Y., Wu, F., Zhang, M., Fang, B., Zhao, L., Dong, L., Zhou, X. & Ge, S. (2021). Hypoglycemic effect of camel milk powder in type 2 diabetic patients: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial. Food Science & Nutrition, 9(8), 4461-4472. Doi: 10.1002/fsn3.2420

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
This work is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) © Author (s)