Isolation and identification of phosphate-solubilizing Bacillus sonorensis GG2 from a mangrove ecosystem in Sundarban and its stimulating effect on green chili plant (Capsicum frutescens L.) growth
Article Main
Abstract
Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) play a crucial role in enhancing soil fertility and plant growth by converting insoluble phosphates into forms accessible to plants. This study focused on isolating and identifying a phosphate-solubilizing bacterium, Bacillus sonorensis GG2, from the mangrove ecosystems of Sundarban. Through a series of microbiological and molecular techniques, B. sonorensis GG2 was identified and characterized for its phosphate solubilization potential. The isolate exhibited significant phosphate solubilization activity, which was quantified through in vitro assays. The bacterium was applied to green chili plants (Capsicum frutescens L.) under controlled conditions to evaluate its practical applicability. The results revealed a marked improvement in plant growth parameters, including root and shoot length, biomass, and overall plant health. In this study, two months of treatment of the green chilli plants with B. sonorensis GG2 positively affected the growth of the roots and shoot lengths compared with the control by 9.8% and 10.9%, respectively. This study highlights the potential of B. sonorensis GG2 as a biofertilizer, particularly in phosphate-deficient soils, and its role in sustainable agricultural practices.
Article Details
Article Details
Keywords
Orthophosphate, Phosphatase enzyme, Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, Plant growth, Sustainable agriculture
References
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Alvarez-Sastre, C., & Carro, L. (2022). Desert actinobacterial strains increase salt stress resilience in crops. Environmental Sciences Proceedings, 16(1), 17. https://doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2022016017
Aryal, J. P., Sapkota, T. B., Krupnik, T. J., Rahut, D. B., Jat, M. L. & Stirling, C. M. (2021). Factors affecting farmers’ use of organic and inorganic fertilizers in South Asia. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 28(37), 51480–51496. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-13975-7
Bello, A., Begianpuye, A., Alfa, A., Abdulraheem, G., Adamu, Y. & Anthony, D. (2019). Development of biofertilizer from composted cow-dung. Science Forum: Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 0, 1. https://doi.org/10.5455/sf.55585
Berninger, T., González López, Ó., Bejarano, A., Preininger, C. & Sessitsch, A. (2018). Maintenance and assessment of cell viability in formulation of non-sporulating bacterial inoculants. Microbial Biotechnology, 11(2), 277–301. https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.12880
Bhutia L, K., Vk, K., Meetei NG, T. & Bhutia D, N. (2018). Effects of climate change on growth and development of Chilli. Agrotechnology, 07(02). https://doi.org/10.4172/2168-9881.1000180
Biswas, S.K., Zaman, S. & Das, M. (2021). Soil of Sundarban delta is rich in sodium, potassium, silicate and phosphorus. Pharma Innovation, 10(9),1754-1755.
Chen, Q. & Liu, S. (2019). Identification and characterization of the phosphate-solubilizing bacterium Pantoea sp. S32 in reclamation soil in Shanxi, China. Frontiers in Microbiology, 10, 2171. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.02171
Das, S. & De, T. K. (2018). Microbial assay of N2 fixation rate, a simple alternate for acetylene reduction assay. MethodsX, 5, 909–914. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mex.2017.11.010
Debnath, S. & Ghosh, D. (2023). Mangrove algae as sustainable microbial cell factory for cellulosic biomass degradation and lipid production. Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology. 11(3), 160-171. https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2023.76846
Deng, J. & Walther, A. (2020). ATP-responsive and ATP-fueled self-assembling systems and materials. Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.), 32(42), e2002629. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202002629
Dogbatse, J. A., Arthur, A., Awudzi, G. K., Quaye, A. K., Konlan, S. & Amaning, A. A. (2021). Effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers on growth and nutrient uptake by young cacao (Theobroma cacao L.). International Journal of Agronomy, 2021, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5516928
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Franco-Duarte, R., Černáková, L., Kadam, S., Kaushik, K. S., Salehi, B., Bevilacqua, A., Corbo, M. R., Antolak, H., Dybka-Stępień, K., Leszczewicz, M., Relison Tintino, S., Alexandrino de Souza, V. C., Sharifi-Rad, J., Coutinho, H. D. M., Martins, N. & Rodrigues, C. F. (2019). Advances in chemical and biological methods to identify microorganisms-from past to present. Microorganisms, 7(5), 130. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7050130
Gade, R.M., Chaithanya, B.H. & Khurade. K.C. (2014). A comparitive study of different carriers for shelflife of Pseudomonas fluorescens. Bioscan, 9(1), 287-290.
Ghorai P, Ghosh D. (2023) Screening and isolation of potential nitrogen-fixing Enterobacter sp. GG1 from mangrove soil with its accelerated impact on green chili plant (Capsicum frutescens L.) growth amelioration. Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.7324/JABB.2023.139674
Ghorai, P. & Ghosh, D. (2022a). Ameliorating the performance of NPK biofertilizers to attain sustainable agriculture with special emphasis on bioengineering. Bioresource Technology Reports, 19(101117), 101117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biteb.2022.101117
Ghorai, P. & Ghosh, D. (2022b). Sustainable approach for insoluble phosphate recycling from wastewater effluents. In: Environmental Degradation: Monitoring, Assessment and Treatment Technologies (pp. 77–86). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94148-2_7
Ghosh, D., Ghorai, P., Debnath, S., Indrama, T., Kondi, V. & Tiwari, O. N. (2022). Algal biofertilizer towards green sustainable agriculture. In: New and Future Developments in Microbial Biotechnology and Bioengineering (pp. 27–45). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-85579-2.00019-8
Hirai, J., Sakanashi, D., Hagihara, M., Haranaga, S., Uechi, K., Kato, H., Hamada, H., Nishiyama, N., Koizumi, Y., Suematsu, H., Yamagishi, Y., Fujita, J. & Mikamo, H. (2016). Bacteremia due to Streptococcus tigurinus: A case report and literature review. Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy: Official Journal of the Japan Society of Chemotherapy, 22(11), 762–766. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiac.2016.04.011
Krouk, G. & Kiba, T. (2020). Nitrogen and Phosphorus interactions in plants: from agronomic to physiological and molecular insights. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 57, 104–109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2020.07.002
Kulkova, I., Wróbel, B., & Dobrzyński, J. (2024). Serratia spp. as plant growth-promoting bacteria alleviating salinity, drought, and nutrient imbalance stresses. Frontiers in Microbiology, 15, 1342331. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2024.1342331
Kumar, S., Chauhan, P. S., Agrawal, L., Raj, R., Srivastava, A., Gupta, S., Mishra, S. K., Yadav, S., Singh, P. C., Raj, S. K. & Nautiyal, C. S. (2016). Paenibacillus lentimorbus Inoculation Enhances Tobacco Growth and Extenuates the Virulence of Cucumber mosaic virus. PloS One, 11(3), e0149980. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0149980
Li, X., Luo, L., Yang, J., Li, B. & Yuan, H. (2015). Mechanisms for solubilization of various insoluble phosphates and activation of immobilized phosphates in different soils by an efficient and salinity-tolerant Aspergillus niger strain An2. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 175(5), 2755–2768. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-014-1465-2
Lin, L., Li, C., Ren, Z., Qin, Y., Wang, R., Wang, J., Cai, J., Zhao, L., Li, X., Cai, Y. & Xiong, X. (2023). Transcriptome profiling of genes regulated by phosphate-solubilizing bacteria Bacillus megaterium P68 in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Frontiers in Microbiology, 14, 1140752. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1140752
Liu, Z., Li, Y. C., Zhang, S., Fu, Y., Fan, X., Patel, J. S. & Zhang, M. (2015). Characterization of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria isolated from calcareous soils. Applied Soil Ecology: A Section of Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 96, 217–224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2015.08.003
Malhotra, H., Vandana, Sharma, S. & Pandey, R. (2018). Phosphorus nutrition: Plant growth in response to deficiency and excess. In: Plant Nutrients and Abiotic Stress Tolerance (pp. 171–190). Springer Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-9044-8_7
Mussarat, M., Shair, M., Muhammad, D., Mian, I. A., Khan, S., Adnan, M., Fahad, S., S. Dessoky, E., EL Sabagh, A., Zia, A., Khan, B., Shahzad, H., Anwar, S., Ilahi, H., Ahmad, M., Bibi, H., Adnan, M. & Khan, F. (2021). Accentuating the role of nitrogen to phosphorus ratio on the growth and yield of wheat crop. Sustainability, 13(4), 2253. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13042253
Nozari, R. M., Ortolan, F., Astarita, L. V., & Santarém, E. R. (2021). Streptomyces spp. enhance vegetative growth of maize plants under saline stress. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 52(3), 1371-1383. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-021-00480-9
Raza, A., Ejaz, S., Saleem, M. S., Hejnak, V., Ahmad, F., Ahmed, M. A. A., Alotaibi, S. S., El-Shehawi, A. M., Alsubeie, M. S. & Zuan, A. T. K. (2021). Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria improve growth and yield related attributes of chili under low nitrogen availability. PloS One, 16(12), e0261468. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0261468
Remonsellez, F., Castro-Severyn, J., Pardo-Esté, C., Aguilar, P., Fortt, J., Salinas, C., Barahona, S., León, J., Fuentes, B., Areche, C., Hernández, K. L., Aguayo, D. & Saavedra, C. P. (2018). Characterization and salt response in recurrent halotolerant Exiguobacterium sp. SH31 isolated from sediments of Salar de Huasco, Chilean Altiplano. Frontiers in Microbiology, 9, 2228. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.02228
Sahu, A. (2014). Status of Soil in Purba Medinipur District, West Bengal–A Review. Indian Journal of Geography and Environment, 13,121-126.
Saitou, N. & Nei, M. (1987). The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Molecular biology and evolution, 4(4), 406-25. 10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040454
Sandström, J. P., Russell, J. A., White, J. P. & Moran, N. A. (2001). Independent origins and horizontal transfer of bacterial symbionts of aphids. Molecular Ecology, 10(1), 217–228. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294x.2001.01 189.x
Suleman, M., Yasmin, S., Rasul, M., Yahya, M., Atta, B. M. & Mirza, M. S. (2018). Phosphate solubilizing bacteria with glucose dehydrogenase gene for phosphorus uptake and beneficial effects on wheat. PloS One, 13(9), e0204408. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0204408
Teng, Z., Chen, Z., Zhang, Q., Yao, Y., Song, M. & Li, M. (2019). Isolation and characterization of phosphate solubilizing bacteria from rhizosphere soils of the Yeyahu Wetland in Beijing, China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 26(33), 33976–33987. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-2955-5
Tian, J., Ge, F., Zhang, D., Deng, S. & Liu, X. (2021). Roles of phosphate solubilizing microorganisms from managing soil phosphorus deficiency to mediating biogeochemical P cycle. Biology, 10(2), 158. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10020158
Weisburg, W. G., Barns, S. M., Pelletier, D. A. & Lane, D. J. (1991). 16S ribosomal DNA amplification for phylogenetic study. Journal of Bacteriology, 173(2), 697–703. https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.173.2.697-703.1991
Aloo, B. N., Mbega, E. R., Makumba, B. A. & Tumuhairwe, J. B. (2022). Effects of carrier materials and storage temperatures on the viability and stability of three biofertilizer inoculants obtained from potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) rhizosphere. Agriculture, 12(2), 140. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12020140
Alori, E. T., Glick, B. R. & Babalola, O. O. (2017). Microbial phosphorus solubilization and its potential for use in sustainable agriculture. Frontiers in Microbiology, 8, 971. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.00971
Alvarez-Sastre, C., & Carro, L. (2022). Desert actinobacterial strains increase salt stress resilience in crops. Environmental Sciences Proceedings, 16(1), 17. https://doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2022016017
Aryal, J. P., Sapkota, T. B., Krupnik, T. J., Rahut, D. B., Jat, M. L. & Stirling, C. M. (2021). Factors affecting farmers’ use of organic and inorganic fertilizers in South Asia. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 28(37), 51480–51496. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-13975-7
Bello, A., Begianpuye, A., Alfa, A., Abdulraheem, G., Adamu, Y. & Anthony, D. (2019). Development of biofertilizer from composted cow-dung. Science Forum: Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 0, 1. https://doi.org/10.5455/sf.55585
Berninger, T., González López, Ó., Bejarano, A., Preininger, C. & Sessitsch, A. (2018). Maintenance and assessment of cell viability in formulation of non-sporulating bacterial inoculants. Microbial Biotechnology, 11(2), 277–301. https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.12880
Bhutia L, K., Vk, K., Meetei NG, T. & Bhutia D, N. (2018). Effects of climate change on growth and development of Chilli. Agrotechnology, 07(02). https://doi.org/10.4172/2168-9881.1000180
Biswas, S.K., Zaman, S. & Das, M. (2021). Soil of Sundarban delta is rich in sodium, potassium, silicate and phosphorus. Pharma Innovation, 10(9),1754-1755.
Chen, Q. & Liu, S. (2019). Identification and characterization of the phosphate-solubilizing bacterium Pantoea sp. S32 in reclamation soil in Shanxi, China. Frontiers in Microbiology, 10, 2171. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.02171
Das, S. & De, T. K. (2018). Microbial assay of N2 fixation rate, a simple alternate for acetylene reduction assay. MethodsX, 5, 909–914. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mex.2017.11.010
Debnath, S. & Ghosh, D. (2023). Mangrove algae as sustainable microbial cell factory for cellulosic biomass degradation and lipid production. Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology. 11(3), 160-171. https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2023.76846
Deng, J. & Walther, A. (2020). ATP-responsive and ATP-fueled self-assembling systems and materials. Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.), 32(42), e2002629. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202002629
Dogbatse, J. A., Arthur, A., Awudzi, G. K., Quaye, A. K., Konlan, S. & Amaning, A. A. (2021). Effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers on growth and nutrient uptake by young cacao (Theobroma cacao L.). International Journal of Agronomy, 2021, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5516928
Felsenstein, J. (1985). Confidence limits on phylogenies: An approach using the bootstrap. Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution, 39(4), 783. https://doi.org/10.2307/2408678
Franco-Duarte, R., Černáková, L., Kadam, S., Kaushik, K. S., Salehi, B., Bevilacqua, A., Corbo, M. R., Antolak, H., Dybka-Stępień, K., Leszczewicz, M., Relison Tintino, S., Alexandrino de Souza, V. C., Sharifi-Rad, J., Coutinho, H. D. M., Martins, N. & Rodrigues, C. F. (2019). Advances in chemical and biological methods to identify microorganisms-from past to present. Microorganisms, 7(5), 130. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7050130
Gade, R.M., Chaithanya, B.H. & Khurade. K.C. (2014). A comparitive study of different carriers for shelflife of Pseudomonas fluorescens. Bioscan, 9(1), 287-290.
Ghorai P, Ghosh D. (2023) Screening and isolation of potential nitrogen-fixing Enterobacter sp. GG1 from mangrove soil with its accelerated impact on green chili plant (Capsicum frutescens L.) growth amelioration. Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.7324/JABB.2023.139674
Ghorai, P. & Ghosh, D. (2022a). Ameliorating the performance of NPK biofertilizers to attain sustainable agriculture with special emphasis on bioengineering. Bioresource Technology Reports, 19(101117), 101117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biteb.2022.101117
Ghorai, P. & Ghosh, D. (2022b). Sustainable approach for insoluble phosphate recycling from wastewater effluents. In: Environmental Degradation: Monitoring, Assessment and Treatment Technologies (pp. 77–86). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94148-2_7
Ghosh, D., Ghorai, P., Debnath, S., Indrama, T., Kondi, V. & Tiwari, O. N. (2022). Algal biofertilizer towards green sustainable agriculture. In: New and Future Developments in Microbial Biotechnology and Bioengineering (pp. 27–45). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-85579-2.00019-8
Hirai, J., Sakanashi, D., Hagihara, M., Haranaga, S., Uechi, K., Kato, H., Hamada, H., Nishiyama, N., Koizumi, Y., Suematsu, H., Yamagishi, Y., Fujita, J. & Mikamo, H. (2016). Bacteremia due to Streptococcus tigurinus: A case report and literature review. Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy: Official Journal of the Japan Society of Chemotherapy, 22(11), 762–766. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiac.2016.04.011
Krouk, G. & Kiba, T. (2020). Nitrogen and Phosphorus interactions in plants: from agronomic to physiological and molecular insights. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 57, 104–109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2020.07.002
Kulkova, I., Wróbel, B., & Dobrzyński, J. (2024). Serratia spp. as plant growth-promoting bacteria alleviating salinity, drought, and nutrient imbalance stresses. Frontiers in Microbiology, 15, 1342331. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2024.1342331
Kumar, S., Chauhan, P. S., Agrawal, L., Raj, R., Srivastava, A., Gupta, S., Mishra, S. K., Yadav, S., Singh, P. C., Raj, S. K. & Nautiyal, C. S. (2016). Paenibacillus lentimorbus Inoculation Enhances Tobacco Growth and Extenuates the Virulence of Cucumber mosaic virus. PloS One, 11(3), e0149980. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0149980
Li, X., Luo, L., Yang, J., Li, B. & Yuan, H. (2015). Mechanisms for solubilization of various insoluble phosphates and activation of immobilized phosphates in different soils by an efficient and salinity-tolerant Aspergillus niger strain An2. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 175(5), 2755–2768. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-014-1465-2
Lin, L., Li, C., Ren, Z., Qin, Y., Wang, R., Wang, J., Cai, J., Zhao, L., Li, X., Cai, Y. & Xiong, X. (2023). Transcriptome profiling of genes regulated by phosphate-solubilizing bacteria Bacillus megaterium P68 in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Frontiers in Microbiology, 14, 1140752. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1140752
Liu, Z., Li, Y. C., Zhang, S., Fu, Y., Fan, X., Patel, J. S. & Zhang, M. (2015). Characterization of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria isolated from calcareous soils. Applied Soil Ecology: A Section of Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 96, 217–224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2015.08.003
Malhotra, H., Vandana, Sharma, S. & Pandey, R. (2018). Phosphorus nutrition: Plant growth in response to deficiency and excess. In: Plant Nutrients and Abiotic Stress Tolerance (pp. 171–190). Springer Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-9044-8_7
Mussarat, M., Shair, M., Muhammad, D., Mian, I. A., Khan, S., Adnan, M., Fahad, S., S. Dessoky, E., EL Sabagh, A., Zia, A., Khan, B., Shahzad, H., Anwar, S., Ilahi, H., Ahmad, M., Bibi, H., Adnan, M. & Khan, F. (2021). Accentuating the role of nitrogen to phosphorus ratio on the growth and yield of wheat crop. Sustainability, 13(4), 2253. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13042253
Nozari, R. M., Ortolan, F., Astarita, L. V., & Santarém, E. R. (2021). Streptomyces spp. enhance vegetative growth of maize plants under saline stress. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 52(3), 1371-1383. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-021-00480-9
Raza, A., Ejaz, S., Saleem, M. S., Hejnak, V., Ahmad, F., Ahmed, M. A. A., Alotaibi, S. S., El-Shehawi, A. M., Alsubeie, M. S. & Zuan, A. T. K. (2021). Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria improve growth and yield related attributes of chili under low nitrogen availability. PloS One, 16(12), e0261468. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0261468
Remonsellez, F., Castro-Severyn, J., Pardo-Esté, C., Aguilar, P., Fortt, J., Salinas, C., Barahona, S., León, J., Fuentes, B., Areche, C., Hernández, K. L., Aguayo, D. & Saavedra, C. P. (2018). Characterization and salt response in recurrent halotolerant Exiguobacterium sp. SH31 isolated from sediments of Salar de Huasco, Chilean Altiplano. Frontiers in Microbiology, 9, 2228. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.02228
Sahu, A. (2014). Status of Soil in Purba Medinipur District, West Bengal–A Review. Indian Journal of Geography and Environment, 13,121-126.
Saitou, N. & Nei, M. (1987). The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Molecular biology and evolution, 4(4), 406-25. 10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040454
Sandström, J. P., Russell, J. A., White, J. P. & Moran, N. A. (2001). Independent origins and horizontal transfer of bacterial symbionts of aphids. Molecular Ecology, 10(1), 217–228. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294x.2001.01 189.x
Suleman, M., Yasmin, S., Rasul, M., Yahya, M., Atta, B. M. & Mirza, M. S. (2018). Phosphate solubilizing bacteria with glucose dehydrogenase gene for phosphorus uptake and beneficial effects on wheat. PloS One, 13(9), e0204408. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0204408
Teng, Z., Chen, Z., Zhang, Q., Yao, Y., Song, M. & Li, M. (2019). Isolation and characterization of phosphate solubilizing bacteria from rhizosphere soils of the Yeyahu Wetland in Beijing, China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 26(33), 33976–33987. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-2955-5
Tian, J., Ge, F., Zhang, D., Deng, S. & Liu, X. (2021). Roles of phosphate solubilizing microorganisms from managing soil phosphorus deficiency to mediating biogeochemical P cycle. Biology, 10(2), 158. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10020158
Weisburg, W. G., Barns, S. M., Pelletier, D. A. & Lane, D. J. (1991). 16S ribosomal DNA amplification for phylogenetic study. Journal of Bacteriology, 173(2), 697–703. https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.173.2.697-703.1991
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Isolation and identification of phosphate-solubilizing Bacillus sonorensis GG2 from a mangrove ecosystem in Sundarban and its stimulating effect on green chili plant (Capsicum frutescens L.) growth. (2025). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 17(1), 105-116. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v17i1.5851
