Influence of egg parasitic fungus, Engyodontium aranearum against root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita
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Abstract
The indigenous egg parasitic fungal isolates, Engyodontium aranearum was evaluated for its nematicidal potential against root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita. The study revealed 53.75 per cent egg parasitization by the fungal isolate. Fungal colonies grew over the eggs and fungal hyphae penetrated the egg shells resulting in rupturing of egg shell layers, enzymatic digestion and empty eggs. The fungal culture filtrate was found to inhibit egg hatching by 83.42 per cent and caused upto 91.36 per cent juvenile mortality. This isolate also reduced the attraction of infective juveniles towards tomato root by 79.29 per cent. It seems to be a first report on the antinemic property of the fungus E. aranearum against root knot nematode, M. incognita and its effect was found comparable with Paecilomyces lilacinus which is known as an efficient nematode egg parasitic fungus.
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Keywords
Engyodontium aranearum, Hatching, Mortality, Paecilomyces lilacinus, Parasitization, Root knot nematode
References
Abrantes, I., Alho, L, Bourne, J., Carella, A., Ciantio, A., Clara, M.I.E., Davies, K., Franco, C., Hirch, P., Kerry, B., Lamberti, F., Lopez-Llorca, L., Mota, M., Santos, C., Sasanelli, N., Sorribas, J., Tzortzakakis, E.A. and Verdejo-Lucas, S. (1998). A workshop manual for research on Verticillium chlamydosporium as a biological control agent for root knot nematodes. IACR, Rothamsted, U.K.
Arora, R.K., Singh, D.K. and Joseph, M.M. (1990). Parasitization of potato cyst nematode eggs by fungi associated with cysts. Indian Phytopathology, 43: 294-295.
Ayatollahy, E., Fatemy, S. and Etebarian, H.R. (2008). Potential for biocontrol of Heterodera schachtii by Pochonia chlamydosporia var. chamydosporia on sugar beet. Biocontrol Science and Technology, 18: 157-167.
Chaya, M.K. and Rao, M.S. (2012). Bio-management of Meloidogyne incognita on okra using a formulation of Pochonia chlamydosporia. Pest Management in Horticultural Ecosystems, 18(1): 84-877.
Dababat, A.A. and Sikora, R.A. (2007). Effects of the mutualistic endophyte Fusarium oxysporum 162 on Meloidogyne incognita attraction and penetration on tomato. Nematology, 9: 771-776.
Dababat, A.A. (2007). Importance of the mutualistic endophyte Fusarium oxysporum 162 for enhancement of tomato transplants and the biological control of the root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita, with particular reference to mode-of-action. Dissertation, Rheinische Friedrich -Wilhelms-Universitat, Bonn, Germany.
Dong, J.Y., Zhou, Y., Zhou, L.R., Zhu, L.L., Huang, R. and Zhang, K.Q. (2006). New nematicidal azaphilones from the aquatic fungus Pseudohalonectria adversaria YMF1.01019. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 264: 65-69.
Esteves, I., Peteira, B., Atkins, D.S., Magan, N. and Kerry. B. (2009). Production of extracellular enzymes by different isolates of Pochonia chlamydosporia. Mycological Research, 113: 867-876.
Gomez, K.A. and Gomez. A.A. (1984). Statistical Procedure for Agricultural Reasearch John Wiley and Sons, New York.
Hague, N.G.M. and Gowen. S.R. (1987). Chemical control of nematodes. In: Principles and Practice of Nematode Control in Crops. Brown, R.H., Kerry, B.R. (Eds.). Australia Academic Press, pp. 133-178.
Irving, F. and Kerry. B.R. (1986). Variation between strains of the nematophagous fungus Verticillium chlamydosporium Goddard II. Factors affecting parasitism of cyst nema-tode eggs. Nematologica, 32: 474-485.
Jain, R.K., Mathur, K.N. and Singh. R.V. (2007). Estimation of losses due to plant parasitic nematodes on different crops in India. Indian J. Nematol., 37: 219-221.
Jatala, P., Franco, J., Gonzales, A. and O’Hara. C.M. (1985). Hatching stimulation and inhibition of Globodera pallida eggs by enzymatic and exopathic toxic compounds of some biocontrol fungi. Journal of Nematology, 17: 501.
Kalaiarasan, P. (2000). Studies on the nematode pest of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) and its management. M.Sc., (Ag.,) Thesis, TNAU, Coimbatore-3, India. pp 93.
Lopez-Llorca, L.V. (1990). Purification and properties of extracellular proteases produced by the nematophagous fungus, Verticillium suchlasporium. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 36: 530-537.
Morton, O.C., Hirsch, P.R. and Kerry. B.R. (2004). Infection of plant parasitic nematodes by nematophagous fungi - a review of the application of molecular biology to understand infection processes and to improve biological control. Nematology, 6: 161-170.
Mukhtar, T., Arshad Hussain, M. and Zameer Kayani, M. (2013). Biocontrol potential of Pasteuria penetrans, Pochonia chlamydosporia, Paecilomyces lilacinus and Trichoderma harzianum against Meloidogyne incognita in okra. Phytopathologic Mediterranea, 52(1): 66-76.
Oostendorp, M. and Sikora. R.A. (1990). In vitro interrelationship between rhizosphere bacteria and Heterodera schachtii. Rev. Nematol., 13: 269-274.
Reddi Kumar, M., Sailaja Rani, J. and John Sudheer. M. (2008). Effect of culture filtrates of Paecilomyces lilacinus on the mortality and hatching of root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita. Indian Journal of Nematology, 38: 90-93.
Regaieg, H., Ciancio, A. Raouani, N.H. Grasso, G. and Rosso. L. (2010). Effects of culture filtrates from the nematophagous fungus, Verticillium leptobactrum on viability of the root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incongita. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 26; 2285-2289
Sankaranarayanan, C., Hussaini, S.S., Kumar, P.S. and Rangeshwaran. R. 2000. Biological control of Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White, 1919) Chitwood 1949 on tomato by Verticillium chlamydosporium Goddard cultured on different substrates. Journal of Biological Control, 14: 39-43.
Shinya, R., Aiuchi, D., Kushida, A., Tani, M., Kuramochi, K. and Koike. M. (2008). Effects of fungal culture filtrates of Verticillium lecanii (Lecanicillium spp.) hybrid strains on Heterodera glycines eggs and juveniles. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 97: 291-297.
Siddiqui, Z.A. and Mahmood. I. (1995). Management of Meloidogyne incognita race 3 and Macrophomina phaseolina by fungus culture filtrates and Bacillus subtilis on chickpea. Fundam. Appl. Nematol., 18: 71-76.
Stirling, G.R. (1991). Biological control of plant parasitic nematodes- Progress, problems and prospects. CAB International, Wallingford, UK. pp 282.
Tikhonov, V.E., Lopez-Llorca, L.V. Salinas, J. and Jansson. HB. (2002). Purification and characterization of chitinases from the nematophagous fungi, Verticillium chlamydosporium and V. suchlasporium. Fungal Genetics and Biology, 35: 67-78.
Webb, H.M., Ghafoor, A. and Heale, J.B. (1972). Protein and enzyme patterns in strains of Verticillium. Transactions of the British Mycological Society, 59: 393-402.
Arora, R.K., Singh, D.K. and Joseph, M.M. (1990). Parasitization of potato cyst nematode eggs by fungi associated with cysts. Indian Phytopathology, 43: 294-295.
Ayatollahy, E., Fatemy, S. and Etebarian, H.R. (2008). Potential for biocontrol of Heterodera schachtii by Pochonia chlamydosporia var. chamydosporia on sugar beet. Biocontrol Science and Technology, 18: 157-167.
Chaya, M.K. and Rao, M.S. (2012). Bio-management of Meloidogyne incognita on okra using a formulation of Pochonia chlamydosporia. Pest Management in Horticultural Ecosystems, 18(1): 84-877.
Dababat, A.A. and Sikora, R.A. (2007). Effects of the mutualistic endophyte Fusarium oxysporum 162 on Meloidogyne incognita attraction and penetration on tomato. Nematology, 9: 771-776.
Dababat, A.A. (2007). Importance of the mutualistic endophyte Fusarium oxysporum 162 for enhancement of tomato transplants and the biological control of the root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita, with particular reference to mode-of-action. Dissertation, Rheinische Friedrich -Wilhelms-Universitat, Bonn, Germany.
Dong, J.Y., Zhou, Y., Zhou, L.R., Zhu, L.L., Huang, R. and Zhang, K.Q. (2006). New nematicidal azaphilones from the aquatic fungus Pseudohalonectria adversaria YMF1.01019. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 264: 65-69.
Esteves, I., Peteira, B., Atkins, D.S., Magan, N. and Kerry. B. (2009). Production of extracellular enzymes by different isolates of Pochonia chlamydosporia. Mycological Research, 113: 867-876.
Gomez, K.A. and Gomez. A.A. (1984). Statistical Procedure for Agricultural Reasearch John Wiley and Sons, New York.
Hague, N.G.M. and Gowen. S.R. (1987). Chemical control of nematodes. In: Principles and Practice of Nematode Control in Crops. Brown, R.H., Kerry, B.R. (Eds.). Australia Academic Press, pp. 133-178.
Irving, F. and Kerry. B.R. (1986). Variation between strains of the nematophagous fungus Verticillium chlamydosporium Goddard II. Factors affecting parasitism of cyst nema-tode eggs. Nematologica, 32: 474-485.
Jain, R.K., Mathur, K.N. and Singh. R.V. (2007). Estimation of losses due to plant parasitic nematodes on different crops in India. Indian J. Nematol., 37: 219-221.
Jatala, P., Franco, J., Gonzales, A. and O’Hara. C.M. (1985). Hatching stimulation and inhibition of Globodera pallida eggs by enzymatic and exopathic toxic compounds of some biocontrol fungi. Journal of Nematology, 17: 501.
Kalaiarasan, P. (2000). Studies on the nematode pest of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) and its management. M.Sc., (Ag.,) Thesis, TNAU, Coimbatore-3, India. pp 93.
Lopez-Llorca, L.V. (1990). Purification and properties of extracellular proteases produced by the nematophagous fungus, Verticillium suchlasporium. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 36: 530-537.
Morton, O.C., Hirsch, P.R. and Kerry. B.R. (2004). Infection of plant parasitic nematodes by nematophagous fungi - a review of the application of molecular biology to understand infection processes and to improve biological control. Nematology, 6: 161-170.
Mukhtar, T., Arshad Hussain, M. and Zameer Kayani, M. (2013). Biocontrol potential of Pasteuria penetrans, Pochonia chlamydosporia, Paecilomyces lilacinus and Trichoderma harzianum against Meloidogyne incognita in okra. Phytopathologic Mediterranea, 52(1): 66-76.
Oostendorp, M. and Sikora. R.A. (1990). In vitro interrelationship between rhizosphere bacteria and Heterodera schachtii. Rev. Nematol., 13: 269-274.
Reddi Kumar, M., Sailaja Rani, J. and John Sudheer. M. (2008). Effect of culture filtrates of Paecilomyces lilacinus on the mortality and hatching of root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita. Indian Journal of Nematology, 38: 90-93.
Regaieg, H., Ciancio, A. Raouani, N.H. Grasso, G. and Rosso. L. (2010). Effects of culture filtrates from the nematophagous fungus, Verticillium leptobactrum on viability of the root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incongita. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 26; 2285-2289
Sankaranarayanan, C., Hussaini, S.S., Kumar, P.S. and Rangeshwaran. R. 2000. Biological control of Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White, 1919) Chitwood 1949 on tomato by Verticillium chlamydosporium Goddard cultured on different substrates. Journal of Biological Control, 14: 39-43.
Shinya, R., Aiuchi, D., Kushida, A., Tani, M., Kuramochi, K. and Koike. M. (2008). Effects of fungal culture filtrates of Verticillium lecanii (Lecanicillium spp.) hybrid strains on Heterodera glycines eggs and juveniles. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 97: 291-297.
Siddiqui, Z.A. and Mahmood. I. (1995). Management of Meloidogyne incognita race 3 and Macrophomina phaseolina by fungus culture filtrates and Bacillus subtilis on chickpea. Fundam. Appl. Nematol., 18: 71-76.
Stirling, G.R. (1991). Biological control of plant parasitic nematodes- Progress, problems and prospects. CAB International, Wallingford, UK. pp 282.
Tikhonov, V.E., Lopez-Llorca, L.V. Salinas, J. and Jansson. HB. (2002). Purification and characterization of chitinases from the nematophagous fungi, Verticillium chlamydosporium and V. suchlasporium. Fungal Genetics and Biology, 35: 67-78.
Webb, H.M., Ghafoor, A. and Heale, J.B. (1972). Protein and enzyme patterns in strains of Verticillium. Transactions of the British Mycological Society, 59: 393-402.
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Influence of egg parasitic fungus, Engyodontium aranearum against root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita. (2015). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 7(1), 124-130. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v7i1.575
