Identification of most prominent parents and cross combinations in indian mustard for seed yield and quality traits
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Abstract
Indian mustard is an important oilseed crop with significant economic and nutritional value. Understanding the genetic mechanisms governing key traits like seed yield is crucial for developing high-yielding varieties. This study aimed to evaluate the general combining ability (GCA) of parental lines and the specific combining ability (SCA) of their cross combinations to improve yield potential. A diallel model (excluding reciprocals) was used, involving 45 hybrids (F1's) produced by crossing 10 diverse genotypes: Aashirwad, Basanti, NDR501-26, Rohini, KMR17-5-21, KMR17-5-22, KMR17-5-23, N8501, PR20, and PR21. These hybrids were developed during the Rabi season of 2018-19 and evaluated in the 2019-2020 Rabi season using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications at the Student Instructional Farm of CSAUA&T, Kanpur. The study assessed GCA and SCA effects, focusing on additive and non-additive gene actions in trait inheritance. The results showed that SCA variance exceeded GCA variance across all traits, with a predictability ratio and GCA/SCA ratio of less than one, indicating a dominance of non-additive gene action. While GCA variance was high for most traits except primary branches and 1000-seed weight, SCA effects were more significant for traits like maturity days, siliquae per plant, 1000-seed weight, oil yield, and seed yield. Parents like NDR 501-26 and Rohini demonstrated strong GCA effects, making them suitable for breeding. Specific crosses, such as KMR 17-5-22 × KMR 17-5-21 and NDR 501-26 × Rohini, showed desirable SCA effects, suggesting potential for early-maturing and high-yielding hybrids. These findings highlight the potential of heterosis breeding and the use of non-additive gene action for improving Indian mustard yield, offering insights to meet agricultural demands.
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Article Details
Diallel, Genetic variance, GCA, SCA and Brassica juncea L
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