Diversity analysis of moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) mutant populations revealing extensive genetic variability for the morphological traits
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
Abstract
Moringa is renowned as the miracle tree for its versatile applications in food, medicine, plant growth stimulation, animal feed, and its nutritional, pharmacological, and biotechnological potential. Initially, the mutation was induced by treating the seeds with gamma rays (100 Gy, 200Gy and 300 Gy) and Ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) at 0.15%, 0.20% and 0.25%. Based on continuous evaluation of mutants from M1 to M3 generation, four selected mutant families: 15-1-09, 35-1-62, 35-1-63 and 35-1-68, with 15 mutants from each family were studied to identify high-performing mutants alongside PKM 1 Moringa. Principal component analysis (PCA) of 12 morphological traits for each mutant family revealed five principal components with eigenvalues exceeding one, collectively explaining 78.19, 74.88, 79.85 and 83.80% of the total variability from the mutant families 15-1-09, 35-1-63, 35-1-62, and 35-1-68 respectively. The analysis highlighted that foliage density, apex shape of the first leaf blade, leaf shape, and plant growth habit exhibited the highest variation, while the remaining traits showed lower variability. Through Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering (AHC) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA), the genotypes 15-1-09-39, 35-1-62-72, 35-1-62-73, 35-1-68-79, and 35-1-63-06 emerged as the most diverse genotypes based on seedling hypocotyls colour, young shoot colour and petiole: anthocyanin colouration of the axis and branches. Hence, through this study, the identified diverse genotypes for specific traits of interest can be included in the moringa breeding programs for crop improvement.
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
Clustering, Diversity, Moringa, Mutants, Variability
Balaguru, P., Sathiyamurthy, V. A., Janavi, G. J., & Santha, S. (2020). Variability in perennial moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) genotypes for quantitative and qualitative traits. Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding, 11(02), 515-520. doi.org/10.37992/2020.1102.087
Bharat, R. A., Prathmesh, S. P., Sarsu, F., & Suprasanna, P. (2024). Induced Mutagenesis using Gamma Rays: Biological Features and Applications in Crop Improvement. OBM Genetics, 8(2), 1-27.
Belay, F., Abate, B. & Tsehaye, Y. (2019). Genetic diversity studies for morphological traits of hot pepper (Capsicum annum L.) genotypes in Central Zone of Tigray Region, Northern Ethiopia. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 14(33), 1674-1684. doi.org/10.5897/AJAR2019.14256.
Chan, K. N., Thu, M. K. & Tar, M. M. (2018). Assessment on the morphological characters of some Myanmar drumstick (Moringa oleifera Lam.) landraces. Myanmar Agricultural Research Journal, 20(1), 46-58.
Gour, L., Maurya, S. B., Koutu, G. K., Singh, S. K., Shukla, S. S. & Mishra, D. K. (2017). Characterization of rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes using principal component analysis including scree plot & rotated component matrix. International Journal of Chemical Studies, 5(4), 975-83.
Hari, K., Nageswari, K., Janavi, G.J. & Geetharani, P. (2022). Genetic Variability, Correlation and Path Analysis of M3 Generation Mutants in Moringa (Moringa oleifera L.) for Leaf Biomass. Biological Forum – An International Journal, 14(3), 135-142.
Jeffers JNR. (1967). Two case studies in the application of principal component analysis. Appl. Stat., 16, 225-236. doi.org/10.2307/2985919
Kantoglu, K. Y., Tepe, A., Kunter, B., Firat, A. F. & Peskircioglu, H. (2014). Vegetable crops breeding by induced mutation and a practical case study of Capsicum annuum L. Mutagenesis: exploring genetic diversity of crops, 41-55. doi.org/10.3920/9789086867967_004
Karunakar, J., Preethi, T. L., Boopathi, M. N., Pugalendhi, L., Hepziba, S. J. & Prasad, Y. M. (2022). Multivariate analysis through principal components for yield-attributing trials in indigenous moringa (Moringa oleifera L.) germplasm lines. International Journal of Plant and Soil Science, 34(9), 87-94. doi.org/ 10.9734/IJPSS/2022/v34i930916
Karunakar, J., Preethi, T. L., Boopathi, N. M., Pugalendhi, L., Hepziba, S. J. & Prasad, Y. M. (2023). Principal Component Analysis for Quality Traits in Indigenous Moringa (Moringa oleifera L.) Germplasm Lines. International Journal of Environment and Climate Change, 13(12), 240-245. doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i123679
Kodikara, C. M., Weerasekara, D., Sujanthika, V., Hettiarachchi, P., & Mubarak, A. N. M. (2022). Analysis of leaf characteristics of local moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) Germplasms in Sri Lanka. 2nd International Conference -2022(ICST2022) Proceedings on “Building Sustainable Future Through Technological Transformation”. South Eastern University of Sri Lanka, 162-167.
Kurian, A. J., Anitha, P. & Pradeepkumar, T. (2020). Genetic divergence studies in drumstick (Moringa oleifera Lam.). Journal of Tropical Agriculture, 58(2).
Manivannan, A., Anandakumar, C. R., Ushakumari, R. & Dahiya, G. S. (2016). Characterization of Indian clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.) genotypes using qualitative morphological traits. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 63, 483-493. Doi.org/10.1007/s10722-015-0266-y
Masih, L. P., Singh, S., Elamathi, S., Anandhi, P. & Abraham, T. (2019). Moringa: A multipurpose potential crop-A review. Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy, 85(3), 589-601. Doi.org/10.16943/ptinsa/2019/49579
Meena, P., Saraswathi, T., Boopathi, N. M. & Pugalendhi, L. (2021). Diversity analysis of moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) genotypes using DUS descriptors. Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding, 12(3), 949-955. doi.org/10.37992/2021.1203.131
Popoola, J. O., Oluyisola, B. O. & Obembe, O. O. (2013). Genetic diversity in moringa oleifera from nigeria using fruit morpho-metric characters & random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Covenant Journal of Physical and Life Sciences, 1(2).
Popoola, J. O., Bello, O. A. & Obembe, O. O. (2016). Phenotypic intraspecific variability among some accessions of drumstick (Moringa oleifera Lam.). Canadian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 10(1), 3681-3693.
Prova, S. J., Talucder, M. S. A. & Uddin, M. S. (2023). Diversity of plant species in moringa-based homestead of jaintia purupazila in sylhet district. SAARC J. Agric., 21(2), 119-129. doi.org/10.3329/sja.v21i2.68578
Rahevar, P. M., Patel, J. N., Axatjoshi, S. & Gediya, L. N. (2021). Genetic diversity study in chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) using multivariate approaches. Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding, 12(2), 314-324. doi.org/10.37992/2 021.1202.047
Samsai, T. (2023). A study on Moringa production and marketing in the southern region of Tamil Nadu. The Pharma Innovation Journal, SP-12(11), 1947-1952
Singh, P., Jain, P. K. & Tiwari, A. (2020). Principal component analysis approach for yield attributing traits in chilli (Capsicum annum L.) genotypes. Chemical Science Review and Letters, 9(33), 87-91.
Turkoglu, A., Tosun, M. & Haliloglu, K. (2023). Evaluation of ethyl methanesulfonate-induced in vitro mutagenesis, polymorphism and genomic instability in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology, 26(2), 199-213.
Vasudevan, S., Dhanarajan, A., Raina, A., Kasim, Y., Balasubramani, G., Gurunathan, S. & Venkatachalam, B. (2023). Mutagenic effect of gamma rays on induced mutation and principal component analysis of yield characters on green gram in M2 generation. Plant Science Today, 10(3), 127-139.
Udhayakumar, D., Paramaguru, P., Swaminathan, V., Hepziba, J., Arumugam, T. & Susmitha, D. (2019). Effect of gamma irradiation and ethyl methane sulphonate in annual moringa (Moringa oleifera L.) variety PKM-1. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 8(5), 2258-2261.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
This work is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) © Author (s)
