Molecular and cytogenetic techniques (FISH and GISH) for rapid hybrid confirmation to hasten the breeding pace of ornamental geophytes
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Abstract
Ornamental geophytes, also called ornamental bulbous plants, are botanically classified as true bulbous, rhizomatous, corm, or tuberous and are some of the most economically important floricultural crops. In addition to the physico-chemical hindrances in reproductive parts, a prolonged juvenile and vegetative period in ornamental geophytes is a hurdle to their breeding process, making it painstaking and costly efforts to introduce a new variety into the market. The molecular cytogenetic breeding techniques, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) provide avenues for fast and precise hybrid verification, introgression breeding, localization and discrimination of genes to analyse the recombination patterns, ploidy levels, evolution of the genome and parental identification of these species and to establish their relationships. These techniques have been widely and successfully used for the breeding and hybrid development of numerous ornamental geophytes. Despite significant improvements and shifts in plant breeding and genetics with the advent of new and sophisticated technologies, FISH and GISH are still used for hybrid verification and confirmation of genomic constitution and ploidy levels in hybrids. However, their application has been limited to only a few ornamental geophytes, viz., tulips, lilium, narcissus and hippeastrum. Their applicability has not been explored or exploited in other ornamental geophytes. This review provides insight into the application of FISH and GISH techniques in breeding ornamental geophytes and related achievements.
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Keywords
Bulbous flower, Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), Genomic in situ hybridization, (GISH), Molecular cytogenetics, Geophytes, Ornamental geophytes
References
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Barba-Gonzalez, R., Van Silfhout, A.A., Ramanna, M.S., Visser, R.G.F. & Van Tuyl, J.M (2006). Progenies of allotriploids of Oriental x Asiatic lilies (Lilium) examined by GISH analysis. Euphytica, 151(2), 243-250.
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Anderson, N.O., Younis, A. & Opitz, E. (2009). Development of colored, non-vernalization-requiring seed-propagated lilies. Acta Horticulturae, 836(836), 193-198.
Barba-Gonzalez, R., Ramanna, M.S., Visser, R.G.F. & Van Tuyl, J.M. (2005). Intergenomic recombination in F1 lily hybrids (Lilium) and its significance for genetic variation in the BC1 progenies as revealed by GISH and FISH. Genome, 48(5), 884-894.
Barba-Gonzalez, R., Van Silfhout, A.A., Ramanna, M.S., Visser, R.G.F. & Van Tuyl, J.M (2006). Progenies of allotriploids of Oriental x Asiatic lilies (Lilium) examined by GISH analysis. Euphytica, 151(2), 243-250.
Bennett, M.D. (1995). The development and use of genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) as a new tool in plant biosystematics. Kew Chromosome Conference IV, P. E. Brandham and M. D. Bennett, Eds., Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, pp. 167-183.
Brandham, P.E. (1986). Evolution of polyploidy in cultivated Narcissus subgenus Narcissus. Genetica, 68(3), 161-167.
Bryan, J.E. (1995). Manual of Bulbs, 1st ed.; Timber Press: Portland, OR, USA.
CBI Market Intelligence (2016). CBI Trade Statistics: Cut Flowers and Foliage; CBI Market Intelligence and Ministry of Foreign Affairs: The Hague, The Netherlands, pp. 1-9. Retrieved from https://www.cbi.eu/sites/default/files/market-information/trade-statistics-cut-flowers-foliage-2016.pdf.
Chung, M.Y., Chung, J.D., Ramanna, M., van Tuyl, J.M. & Lim, K.B. (2013). Production of polyploids and unreduced gametes in Lilium auratum x L. henryi hybrid. Inter. J. of Bio. Sci., 9(7), 693-701.
Czernicka, M., Mścichowska, A., Klein, M., Muras, P. & Grzebelus, E. (2010). Paternity determination of interspecific rhododendron hybrids by genomic in situ hybridization (GISH). Genome, 53(4), 277-284.
De Jeu, M.J., Lasschuit, J., Kuipers, A.G.J., Kamstra, S.A. & Visser, R.G.F. (1997). Characterization and localization of repetitive DNA sequences in the ornamental Alstroemeria aurea Graham. Theo. & App. Gene, 1997, 94, 982-990.
Erhardt, W. (1993). Narcissen, Osternglocken, Jonquillen, Tazzeten, 1st ed.; Ulmer: Stuttgart, Germany, pp. 36-41.
Figueroa, D.M. & Bass, H.W. (2010). A historical and modern perspective on plant cytogenetics. Brief. In Function. Gen., 9(2), 95-102.
Fortanier, E.J. (1973). Reviewing the length of the generation period and its shortening, particularly in tulips. Sci. Horti. 1973, 1(1), 107-116.
Gall, J.G. & Pardue, M.L. (1969). Formation and detection of RNA‒DNA hybrid molecules in cytological preparations. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America., 63(2), 378-383.
Genome.gov (2023). Fluorescence in situ hybridization fact sheet. Retrieved from https://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary/Fluorescence-In-Situ-Hybridization.
Guzzo, F., Campagnari, E. & Levi, M. (2000). A new FISH protocol with increased sensitivity for physical mapping with short probes in plants. J. of Exp. Bot., 51(346), 965-970.
Hanks, G.R. (2002). Narcissus and daffodil- The genus Narcissus. In Medicinal and Aromatic Plants- Industrial Profiles 21, 1st ed.; Hanks, G.R., Ed.; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, USA; Taylor & Francis: Boca Raton, FL, USA, pp. 428.
Hwang, Y.J., Kim, H.H., Kim, J.B. & Lim, K.B. (2011). Karyotype analysis of Lilium tigrinum by FISH. J. of Horti. Environ. & Biotech., 52(3), 292-297.
Hwang, Y.J., Song, C.M., Younis, A., Kim, C.K., Kang, Y.I. & Lim, K.B. (2015). Morphological characterization under different ecological habitats and physical mapping of 5S and 45S rDNA in Lilium distichum with Fluorescence in situ hybridization. Revist. Chile. de Histo. Natu., 88(8), 1-13.
Hwang, Y.J., Yang, T.J., Kim, H.H., Younis, A. & Lim, K.B. (2015). Random PCR of microdissected chromosome amplified predominantly repeated DNA in Lilium tigrinum. Inter. J. of Agri. & Bio., 17(1), 169-174.
John, H.A., Birnstile, M.L. & John, K.W. (1969). RNA-DNA hybrids at the cytological level. Nature, 223(5206), 582-587.
Kannan, T.P. & Zilfalil, B.A. (2009). Cytogenetics: past, present and future. Malay. J of Med. Sci., 16(2), 4-9.
Khan, N., Barba-Gonzalez, R., Ramanna, M.S., Richard, G.F., Visser. & van Tuyl J.M. (2009). Construction of chromosomal recombination maps of three genomes of lilies (Lilium) based on GISH. Genome, 52, 238-251.
Kishimoto, T., Yamakawa, M., Nakazawa, D., Amano, J., Kuwayama, S. & Nakano, M. (2014). Meiotic chromosome pairing in intergeneric hybrids of colchicaceous ornamentals revealed by genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), Euphytica, 200, 251-257.
Khrustaleva, L., Kudryavtseva, N., Romanove, D., Ermolaev, A. & Kirov, I. (2019). Comparative Tyramide-FISH mapping of the genes controlling flavour and bulb color in Allium species revealed an altered gene order. Sci. Rep., (2019): https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-48564-9.
Lee, H., Younis, A., Hwang, Y.J., Kang, Y.I. & Lim, K.B. (2014). Molecular cytogenetic analysis and phylogenetic relationship of 5S and 45S ribosomal DNA in Sinomartagon Lilium Species by Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization (FISH). Horti. Environ. & Biotech, 2014, 55(6), 514-523.
Lim, K.B., Ramanna, M.S., De Jong, J.H., Jacobsen, E. & van Tuyl, J.M. (2001). Indeterminate meiotic restitution (IMR): a novel type of meiotic nuclear restitution mechanism detected in interspecific lily hybrids by GISH. Theo. & App. Gene, 2001, 103, 219-230.
Lim, K.B., Wennekes, J., de Jong, J.H., Jacobsen, E. & van Tuyl, J.M. (2001). Karyotype analysis of Lilium longiflorum and Lilium rubellum by chromosome banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Genome, 2001, 44(5), 911-918.
Liu, G., Lan, Y., Xin, H., Hu, H., Wu, Z., Shi, J., & Xi, M. (2016). Cytogenetic Analysis of Lilium rosthornii. J. of Amer. Soci. of Horti. Sci., 141(5), 444-448.
Lysak, M.A. & Mandáková, T. (2013). Analysis of plant meiotic chromosomes by chromosome painting. Meth. in Mole. Bio., 990(2), 13-24.
Marasek, A. & Okazaki, K. (2007). GISH analysis of hybrids produced by interspecific hybridization between Tulipa gesneriana and T. fosteriana. Acta Horti., 743(2), 133-137.
Marasek, A., & Okazaki, K. (2008). Analysis of introgression of the Tulipa fosteriana genome into Tulipa gesneriana using GISH and FISH. Euphytica, 2008, 160(2), 217-230.
Marasek, A., Hasterok, R., Wiejacha, K., & Orlikowska, T. (2004). Determination by GISH and FISH of hybrid status in Lilium. Hereditas., 140(1), 1-7.
Marasek, A., He, H., Bijman, P, Ramanna, M.S., Arens, P. & van Tuyl J.M. (2012). Assessment of intergenomic recombination through GISH analysis of F1, BC1 and BC2 progenies of Tulipa gesneriana and T. fosteriana. Plan. System. & Evol., 298(2012), 887-899.
Marasek, A., Mizuochi, H., & Okazaki, K. (2006). The origin of Darwin hybrid tulips analysed by flow cytometry, karyotype analyses and genomic in situ hybridization. Euphytica, 151, 279-290.
Marasek, A., Sochacki, D. & Maciniak, P. (2021). Breeding aspects of selected ornamental bulbous crops. Agron, 11(9), 1709. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11091709.
Marasek, C., Ramanna, M.S., ter Laak, W.A. & van Tuyl, J.M. (2010). Genome composition of ‘Elatior’-begonias hybrids analysed by genomic in situ hybridization. Euphytica, 171(2), 273-282.
Mizuochi, H., Marasek, A. & Okazaki, K. (2007). Molecular cloning of Tulipa fosteriana rDNA and subsequent FISH analysis yields cytogenetic organization of 5S rDNA and 45S rDNA in T. gesneriana and T. fosteriana. Euphytica, 155(1), 235-248.
Orlikowska, T., Podwyszyńska, M., Marasek-Ciołakowska, A., Sochacki, D. & Szymański, R. (2018). Tulip. In Ornamental Crops; Van Huylenbroeck, J., Ed.; Springer: Cham, Germany, pp. 769-802.
Ramzan, F., Younis, A. & Lim, K.B. (2017). Application of Genomic In Situ Hybridization in Horticultural Science. Hind. Inter.J. of Gen., (2), 1-12. https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ijg/2017/7561909/.
Ran, Y., Hammett, K.R.W., & Urray, B.G. (2001). Hybrid identification in Clivia (Amaryllidaceae) using chromosome banding and genomic in situ hybridization. Ann. of Bot., 87(4), 457-462.
Rees, A.R. (1972). The growth of bulbs, applied aspects of the physiology of ornamental bulbous crop plants, 1st ed.; Academic Press: London, UK, pp. 311.
Royal Flora Holland. (2021). Retrieved from https://np-royalfloraholland-production.s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/8-Over-ons/Documenten/royal-floraholland-facts-and-Fig.s-2020.pdf.
Schwarzacher, T. & Haslop-Harrison, P. (2000). Practical in situ hybridization. BIOS Scientific Publishers, Oxford OX4 IRE, U.K.
Schwarzacher, T., Leitch, A.R., Bennett, M.D. & Heslop-Harrison, J.S. (1989). In situ localization of parental genomes in wide hybrid. Ann. of Bot, 1989, 64(3), 315-324.
Shahin, A., van Kaauwen, M., Esselink, D., Bargsten, J., van Tuyl, J., Visser, R.G., & Arens, P. (2012). Generation and analysis of expressed sequence tags in the extreme large genomes Lilium and Tulipa. BMC Gen., 13(640), 1-13.
Silva, G.S. & Souza, M.M. (2013). Genomic in situ hybridization in plants. Gene. & Mole. Res., 12(2), 2953-2965.
Sochacki, D. & Orlikowska, T. (2005). Application of in vitro culture in breeding of new cultivars of narcissus. In Proceedings of the Abstracts of International Workshop “Application of Biotechnology in Breeding Cultivars Suitable for Sustainable Fruit Production”, Skierniewice, Poland, 12-14. pp. 55.
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Molecular and cytogenetic techniques (FISH and GISH) for rapid hybrid confirmation to hasten the breeding pace of ornamental geophytes. (2024). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 16(2), 768-776. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v16i2.5544
