Molecular characterization of antibiotic resistance and virulence genes on plasmids of Proteus mirabilis isolated from urine samples of Hospitals in Mosul City, Iraq
Article Main
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance genes when found on plasmids can be passed on to other strains causing spread of antibiotic resistance across bacteria. The present work aimed to identify virulence and resistance genes on Proteus mirabilis plasmids. A total of 37 P. mirabilis strains were isolated from 420 urine samples from patients attending different hospitals in Mosul City, Iraq, from December 2022 to April 2023 and identified using biochemical and molecular methods. Their resistance towards 18 antibiotics was tested and their plasmid DNA analysis showed that 21 of 37 Proteus strains contained plasmids. Four groups of primers were used for PCR experiments. The first group included primers used to identify six genetic regions, namely (CITM, DHAM, ACCM, EBCM, FOXM, MOXM1). Results showed that 85.71% of isolates carried FOXM on their plasmids and 14.28% carried MOXM and 4.76% carried CITM. However, DHAH, ACCM, and EBCM were not detected on plasmids. The second group included zapA, ireA (siderophore receptor), hpmA (hemolysin) and mrpA, (fimbriae) genes. zapA was detected in 80.95% of P. mirabilis plasmids, followed by ireA at a rate of 76.19%, hpmA at 14.28%, and mrpA at 4.76%. The third group included CTXG1, CTXG2, CTXG9, CTXG8 and CTXG25. The results showed that CTX9 was the highest gene detected, 76.19%, followed by CTXG1 71.42%, while CTXG2, CTXG8, and CTXG25 were only detected on the chromosome. Finally, the pathogenic genes PmIJ1 and qnrD were found on P. mirabilis plasmids at 52.38% and 47.61%, respectively. The present results showed that plasmids are increasingly spread among clinical local isolates of P. mirabilis, and serious precautions are required.
Article Details
Article Details
Keywords
Antibiotic resistance genes, Proteus mirabilis, Plasmids, Virulence genes
References
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Molecular characterization of antibiotic resistance and virulence genes on plasmids of Proteus mirabilis isolated from urine samples of Hospitals in Mosul City, Iraq. (2024). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 16(2), 830-841. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v16i2.5526
