Variation among cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) genotypes for storage root yield, yield components and response to cassava mosaic disease at the advanced breeding stage
Article Main
Abstract
Cassava is a crucial starchy root crop cultivated worldwide in tropical and subtropical areas. Efforts have been made to improve its desirable characteristics to increase food and nutritional quality. However, the adoption of new cassava varieties can be influenced by their yield performance, which can be affected by cassava mosaic disease (CMD). The present study evaluated selected cassava genotypes' performance across two years at the advanced breeding stage. Using a randomized complete block design with two replications, 16 genotypes, a yellow root variety (TMS07/0593) and a white root (TMS30572) as checks were evaluated for yield, yield-related traits and response to CMD. There were highly significant (P < 0.001) variations among the cassava genotypes for yield-related traits, but no genetic variation was reported for fresh and dry root yields. The effect of season and genotypes × season interaction on all traits was significant only for harvest index and percentage of survival plants, respectively. Only genotype UIC-17-2428 and the two national check varieties (TMS07/0593 and TMS30572) did not resist CMD completely. At harvest, genotype UIC-17-2031 had the highest fresh root yield (39.0 t/ha), dry root yield (10.5 t/ha), and harvest index (0.63). Genotype UIC-17-58 had the highest dry matter content (37.2%) at harvesting, followed by UIC-17-46 (36.4%) while genotype UIC-17-583 had the lowest value (22.8%). The genotypes evaluated have promising premium agronomic traits. To assess their stability, genotypes with outstanding dry root yield must be evaluated across multiple environments.
Article Details
Article Details
Keywords
Cassava improvement, Dry matter content, Genotype × season interaction, Harvest index, Storage root yield
References
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Agre, A. P., Bhattacharjee, R., Dansi, A., Becerra, L. L. A., Dansi, M. & Sanni, A. (2017). Assessment of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) diversity, loss of landraces and farmers preference criteria in southern Benin using farmers’ participatory approach. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 64, 307-320. doi:10.1007/s10722-015-0352-1
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Amarullah (2021). Morphological, Physiological and Agronomic Characteristics of Cassava Superior Variety of Coastal Land. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 748, 1-13. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/748/1/012030
Amelework, A. B., Bairu, M. W., Marx, R., Owoeye, L., Laing, M. & Venter, S. L. (2022). On-Farm Multi-Environment Evaluation of Selected Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Cultivars in South Africa. Plants, 11, 1-13. doi:10.3390/plants11233339
Anthony, P., Yona, B., Titus, A., Robert, K., Edward, K., Anton, B., Christopher, A. O., Paul, G., David, S. O., Dennis, M. & Phinehas, T. (2015). Stability of resistance to cassava brown streak disease in major agro-ecologies of Uganda. Journal of Plant Breeding and Crop Science, 7, 67-78. doi:10.5897/jpbcs2013.0490
Bisimwa, E., Walangululu, J. & Bragard, C. (2015). Cassava Mosaic Disease Yield Loss Assessment under Various Altitude Agroecosystems in the Sud-Kivu Region, Democratic Republic of Congo. Tropicultura, 33, 101-110.
Balagopalan, C. (2009). Cassava utilization in food, feed and industry. In: Cassava: Biology, Production and Utilization (pp 301-318). CABI Publishing: Kerala, India..
Bakayoko, S., Tschannen, A., Nindjin, C., Dao, D., Girardin, O. & Assa, A. (2009). Impact of water stress on fresh tuber yield and dry matter content of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) in Côte d’Ivoire. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 4, 21-27. doi:10.5897/AJAR.9000405
Chikoti, P. C., Shanahan, P. & Melis, R. (2016). Evaluation of Cassava Genotypes for Resistance to Cassava Mosaic Disease and Agronomic Traits. American Journal of Plant Sciences, 7, 1122-1128. doi:10.4236/ajps.2016.77107
Codjia, E. D., Olasanmi, B., Agre, P. A., Uwugiaren, R., Ige, A. D. & Rabbi, I. Y. (2022). Selection for resistance to cassava mosaic disease in African cassava germplasm using single nucleotide polymorphism markers. South African Journal of Science, 118, 1-7. doi:10.17159/sajs.2022/11607
De Bruijn, G. H. & Fresco, L. O. (1989). The importance of cassava in world food production. Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science, 37, 21-34.
Edoh, N. L., Adiele, J., Ndukwe, I., Ogbokiri, H., Njoku, D. N. & Egesi, C. N. (2016). Evaluation of High Beta Carotene Cassava Genotypes at Advanced Trial in Nigeria. The Open Conference Proceedings Journal, 7, 144-148. doi:10.2174/2210289201607010144
Egesi, C. N., Ogbe, F. O., Akoroda, M., Ilona, P. & Dixon, A. (2007). Resistance profile of improved cassava germplasm to cassava mosaic disease in Nigeria. Euphytica, 155, 215-224. doi:10.1007/s10681-006-9323-0
El-Sharkawy, M.A. 2004. Cassava biology and physiology. Plant Molecular Biology, 56, 481-501. doi:10.1007/s11103-005-2270-7
El-Sharkawy, M. A. & Cock, J. H. (1987). Response of cassava to water stress. Plant and Soil, 100, 100-125. doi:10.1007/BF02370950
Enesi, R. O., Hauser, S., Pypers, P., Kreye, C., Tariku, M. & Six, J. (2022). Understanding changes in cassava root dry matter yield by different planting dates, crop ages at harvest, fertilizer application and varieties. European Journal of Agronomy, 133, 126448. doi:10.1016/j.ejq.2021.126448
FAOSTAT (2021) [accessed 2023 Aug 13] https://www.fao.org/ faostat/en/#data
Francis, N. A., Mbatsogo, A., Constant, F., Ijang, T. P., Atanga, N. S., Mewouo, M., Clarisse, Y., Delphine, M. & Simon, N. T. (2013). Effects of Cassava Cultivation on Soil Quality Indicators in the Humid Forest Zone of Cameroon. Greener Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 3, 451-457. doi:10.15580/GJAS.2013.6.030613519
Ige, A. D., Olasanmi, B., Mbanjo, E. G. N., Kayondo, I. S., Parkes, E. Y., Kulakow, P., Egesi, C., Bauchet, G. J., Ng, E., Lopez-Lavalle, L. A. B., Ceballos, H. & Rabbi, I. Y. (2021). Conversion and Validation of Uniplex SNP Markers for Selection of Resistance to Cassava Mosaic Disease in Cassava Breeding Programs. Agronomy, 11, 1-19. doi:10.3390/agronomy11030420
Maroya, N. G., Kulakow, P., Dixon, A. G. O. & Maziya-Dixon, B. B. (2012). Genotype × Environment Interaction of Mosaic Disease, Root Yields and Total Carotene Concentration of Yellow-Fleshed Cassava in Nigeria. International Journal of Agronomy, doi:10.1155/2012/434675
Navangi, L. N., Githiri, S. M., Ateka, E. M., Kanju, E., Munga, T. L., Tumwegamire, S., Otsyula, R. M., Kwena, P. O., Woyengo, V. W., Malinga, J. & Okitoi, L. O. (2020). Evaluation of Cassava Genotypes for Agronomic Performance, Correlation with CMD and CBSD Parameters and Stability across Alupe, Kakamega and Kibos in Western Kenya. Journal of Experimental Agriculture International, 42, 47-62. doi:10.9734/jeai/2020/v42i230469
Olasanmi, B., Eyo, R. & Iluebbey, P. (2021). Genotypic variation for starch yield in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) in Ibadan, Nigeria. Journal of Crop Improvement, 36, 687-700. doi:10.1080/15427528.2021.2001705
Omolara, O., Hauser, S., Necpalova, M., Kolawole, F., Kreye, C., Tariku, M., Six, J. & Pypers, P. (2021). Field Crops Research On-farm assessment of cassava root yield response to tillage, plant density, weed control and fertilizer application in southwestern Nigeria. Field Crops Research, 262, 1-9. doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2020.108038
Otekunrin, O. A. & Sawicka, B. (2019). Cassava, a 21st Century Staple Crop: How can Nigeria Harness Its Enormous Trade Potentials? Acta Scientific Agriculture, 3, 194-202. doi:10.31080/asag.2019.03.0586
Raji, A. A., Ladeinde, T. A. O. & Dixon, A. G. O. (2007). Agronomic traits and tuber quality attributes of farmer grown cassava landraces in Nigeria. Journal of Tropical Agriculture, 45, 9-13.
Temegne, N. C., Ngome, A. F. & Fotso, K. A. (2016). Influence de la composition chimique du sol sur la teneur en éléments nutritifs et le rendement du manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz, Euphorbiaceae) dans deux zones agro-écologiques du Cameroun. International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 9, 2776-2788. doi:10.4314/ijbcs.v9i6.21
Thresh, J. M., Fargette, D. & Otim-Nape, G. W. (1994). Effects of African Cassava Mosaic Geminivirus on the Yield of Cassava. Tropical Science, 34, 26-42.
Teye, E., Asare, A. P., Amoah, R. S. & Tetteh, J. P. (2011). Determination of the Dry Matter Content of Cassava (Manihot esculenta, Crantz) Tubers Using Specific Gravity Method. ARPN Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science, 6, 23-28.
Tumuhimbise, R., Melis, R., Shanahan, P. & Kawuki, R. (2014). Genotype × environment interaction effects on early fresh storage root yield and related traits in cassava. The Crop Journal, 2, 329-337. doi:10.1016/j.cj.2014.04.008
Adjebeng-danquah, J., Asante, S., Agbenyega, O. & Sunday, A. D. (2022). Evaluation and Selection of Elite Cassava Varieties for Storage Root Yield in Evaluation and Selection of Elite Cassava Varieties for Storage Root Yield in the Transition and Guinea Savannah Ecologies of Ghana. International Journal of Plant & Soil Science, 34, 572-580. doi:10.9734/ijpss/2022/v34i2231411
Agre, A. P., Bhattacharjee, R., Dansi, A., Becerra, L. L. A., Dansi, M. & Sanni, A. (2017). Assessment of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) diversity, loss of landraces and farmers preference criteria in southern Benin using farmers’ participatory approach. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 64, 307-320. doi:10.1007/s10722-015-0352-1
Alabi, O. J., Kumar, P. L. & Naidu, R. A. (2011). Cassava Mosaic Disease: A Curse to Food Security in Sub-Saharan Africa. APSnet Features. doi:10.1094/APSnetFeature-2011-0701
Amarullah (2021). Morphological, Physiological and Agronomic Characteristics of Cassava Superior Variety of Coastal Land. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 748, 1-13. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/748/1/012030
Amelework, A. B., Bairu, M. W., Marx, R., Owoeye, L., Laing, M. & Venter, S. L. (2022). On-Farm Multi-Environment Evaluation of Selected Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Cultivars in South Africa. Plants, 11, 1-13. doi:10.3390/plants11233339
Anthony, P., Yona, B., Titus, A., Robert, K., Edward, K., Anton, B., Christopher, A. O., Paul, G., David, S. O., Dennis, M. & Phinehas, T. (2015). Stability of resistance to cassava brown streak disease in major agro-ecologies of Uganda. Journal of Plant Breeding and Crop Science, 7, 67-78. doi:10.5897/jpbcs2013.0490
Bisimwa, E., Walangululu, J. & Bragard, C. (2015). Cassava Mosaic Disease Yield Loss Assessment under Various Altitude Agroecosystems in the Sud-Kivu Region, Democratic Republic of Congo. Tropicultura, 33, 101-110.
Balagopalan, C. (2009). Cassava utilization in food, feed and industry. In: Cassava: Biology, Production and Utilization (pp 301-318). CABI Publishing: Kerala, India..
Bakayoko, S., Tschannen, A., Nindjin, C., Dao, D., Girardin, O. & Assa, A. (2009). Impact of water stress on fresh tuber yield and dry matter content of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) in Côte d’Ivoire. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 4, 21-27. doi:10.5897/AJAR.9000405
Chikoti, P. C., Shanahan, P. & Melis, R. (2016). Evaluation of Cassava Genotypes for Resistance to Cassava Mosaic Disease and Agronomic Traits. American Journal of Plant Sciences, 7, 1122-1128. doi:10.4236/ajps.2016.77107
Codjia, E. D., Olasanmi, B., Agre, P. A., Uwugiaren, R., Ige, A. D. & Rabbi, I. Y. (2022). Selection for resistance to cassava mosaic disease in African cassava germplasm using single nucleotide polymorphism markers. South African Journal of Science, 118, 1-7. doi:10.17159/sajs.2022/11607
De Bruijn, G. H. & Fresco, L. O. (1989). The importance of cassava in world food production. Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science, 37, 21-34.
Edoh, N. L., Adiele, J., Ndukwe, I., Ogbokiri, H., Njoku, D. N. & Egesi, C. N. (2016). Evaluation of High Beta Carotene Cassava Genotypes at Advanced Trial in Nigeria. The Open Conference Proceedings Journal, 7, 144-148. doi:10.2174/2210289201607010144
Egesi, C. N., Ogbe, F. O., Akoroda, M., Ilona, P. & Dixon, A. (2007). Resistance profile of improved cassava germplasm to cassava mosaic disease in Nigeria. Euphytica, 155, 215-224. doi:10.1007/s10681-006-9323-0
El-Sharkawy, M.A. 2004. Cassava biology and physiology. Plant Molecular Biology, 56, 481-501. doi:10.1007/s11103-005-2270-7
El-Sharkawy, M. A. & Cock, J. H. (1987). Response of cassava to water stress. Plant and Soil, 100, 100-125. doi:10.1007/BF02370950
Enesi, R. O., Hauser, S., Pypers, P., Kreye, C., Tariku, M. & Six, J. (2022). Understanding changes in cassava root dry matter yield by different planting dates, crop ages at harvest, fertilizer application and varieties. European Journal of Agronomy, 133, 126448. doi:10.1016/j.ejq.2021.126448
FAOSTAT (2021) [accessed 2023 Aug 13] https://www.fao.org/ faostat/en/#data
Francis, N. A., Mbatsogo, A., Constant, F., Ijang, T. P., Atanga, N. S., Mewouo, M., Clarisse, Y., Delphine, M. & Simon, N. T. (2013). Effects of Cassava Cultivation on Soil Quality Indicators in the Humid Forest Zone of Cameroon. Greener Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 3, 451-457. doi:10.15580/GJAS.2013.6.030613519
Ige, A. D., Olasanmi, B., Mbanjo, E. G. N., Kayondo, I. S., Parkes, E. Y., Kulakow, P., Egesi, C., Bauchet, G. J., Ng, E., Lopez-Lavalle, L. A. B., Ceballos, H. & Rabbi, I. Y. (2021). Conversion and Validation of Uniplex SNP Markers for Selection of Resistance to Cassava Mosaic Disease in Cassava Breeding Programs. Agronomy, 11, 1-19. doi:10.3390/agronomy11030420
Maroya, N. G., Kulakow, P., Dixon, A. G. O. & Maziya-Dixon, B. B. (2012). Genotype × Environment Interaction of Mosaic Disease, Root Yields and Total Carotene Concentration of Yellow-Fleshed Cassava in Nigeria. International Journal of Agronomy, doi:10.1155/2012/434675
Navangi, L. N., Githiri, S. M., Ateka, E. M., Kanju, E., Munga, T. L., Tumwegamire, S., Otsyula, R. M., Kwena, P. O., Woyengo, V. W., Malinga, J. & Okitoi, L. O. (2020). Evaluation of Cassava Genotypes for Agronomic Performance, Correlation with CMD and CBSD Parameters and Stability across Alupe, Kakamega and Kibos in Western Kenya. Journal of Experimental Agriculture International, 42, 47-62. doi:10.9734/jeai/2020/v42i230469
Olasanmi, B., Eyo, R. & Iluebbey, P. (2021). Genotypic variation for starch yield in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) in Ibadan, Nigeria. Journal of Crop Improvement, 36, 687-700. doi:10.1080/15427528.2021.2001705
Omolara, O., Hauser, S., Necpalova, M., Kolawole, F., Kreye, C., Tariku, M., Six, J. & Pypers, P. (2021). Field Crops Research On-farm assessment of cassava root yield response to tillage, plant density, weed control and fertilizer application in southwestern Nigeria. Field Crops Research, 262, 1-9. doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2020.108038
Otekunrin, O. A. & Sawicka, B. (2019). Cassava, a 21st Century Staple Crop: How can Nigeria Harness Its Enormous Trade Potentials? Acta Scientific Agriculture, 3, 194-202. doi:10.31080/asag.2019.03.0586
Raji, A. A., Ladeinde, T. A. O. & Dixon, A. G. O. (2007). Agronomic traits and tuber quality attributes of farmer grown cassava landraces in Nigeria. Journal of Tropical Agriculture, 45, 9-13.
Temegne, N. C., Ngome, A. F. & Fotso, K. A. (2016). Influence de la composition chimique du sol sur la teneur en éléments nutritifs et le rendement du manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz, Euphorbiaceae) dans deux zones agro-écologiques du Cameroun. International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 9, 2776-2788. doi:10.4314/ijbcs.v9i6.21
Thresh, J. M., Fargette, D. & Otim-Nape, G. W. (1994). Effects of African Cassava Mosaic Geminivirus on the Yield of Cassava. Tropical Science, 34, 26-42.
Teye, E., Asare, A. P., Amoah, R. S. & Tetteh, J. P. (2011). Determination of the Dry Matter Content of Cassava (Manihot esculenta, Crantz) Tubers Using Specific Gravity Method. ARPN Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science, 6, 23-28.
Tumuhimbise, R., Melis, R., Shanahan, P. & Kawuki, R. (2014). Genotype × environment interaction effects on early fresh storage root yield and related traits in cassava. The Crop Journal, 2, 329-337. doi:10.1016/j.cj.2014.04.008
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Variation among cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) genotypes for storage root yield, yield components and response to cassava mosaic disease at the advanced breeding stage. (2024). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 16(2), 922-927. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v16i2.5500
