A review on pharmaceutical and environmental applications of guava (Psidium guajava) leaves
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Abstract
Psidium guajava (Guava) is a commonly cultivated fruit in tropical regions that has been long recognized for its therapeutic applications. The leaves host diverse bioactive compounds, including phenols, flavonoids, terpenoids like gallic acid, and water-soluble tannins. This intricate chemical profile, particularly gallic acid, imparts the leaves with remarkable inhibitory effects against various pathogens, including bacteria and fungi. Compounds such as pyrocatechol, taxifolin, psiguadials, guaijaverin, and avicularin, among others, contribute to their hypoglycemic, antioxidant, anticancer, and antidiarrheal effects, showcasing the leaves' multifaceted therapeutic potential. Apart from having therapeutic potential, guava leaves have also been implicated in adsorbing heavy metals such as zinc, cadmium, arsenic, lead, iron, and chromium, as well as dyes such as methylene blue, congo red, brilliant green, amaranth, auramine, nile blue and photocatalytic dyes from contaminated water sources owing to their porous structure and presence of functional groups. The leaves contain compounds acting as natural coagulants and adsorbents, aiding in flocculation, sedimentation, and removal of impurities. This review aims to provide an overview of the phytochemical profile of guava leaves and further discusses its potential as a therapeutic drug and bioremediation targeting heavy metals and dyes. This eco-friendly approach offers numerous advantages, including affordability, accessibility, and biodegradability, thereby reducing reliance on synthetic adsorbents and promoting sustainability. This amalgamation of traditional medicinal significance with innovative environmental applications underscores the inherent potential of guava leaves as a sustainable and versatile botanical resource. Moreover, the various ongoing studies and the diverse properties of guava discussed herein may serve as a guide for the discovery of new pharmaceutics by the scientific fraternity.
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Keywords
Anticancer, Antidiabetic, Antidiarrheal, Dye removal, Heavy metal, Guava leaves
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A review on pharmaceutical and environmental applications of guava (Psidium guajava) leaves. (2024). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 16(2), 607-622. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v16i2.5484
