Standardization of packaging material, storage durations and chemical treatments on vase life of soft shield fern Polystichum squarrosum (D. Don)
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Abstract
Polystichum species, native to warm-temperate and montane-tropical environments (including some alpine regions), are terrestrial or rock-dwelling ferns. These plants exhibit dark green, leather-like, and lustrous fronds, which are highly valued in floral arrangements due to their aesthetic elegance and longevity. Polystichum squarrosum is not being cultivated commercially but collected from forests for its use as cut green in the florist industry. Hence the collected material should be handled carefully to utilize every frond. Therefore, the present study aimed to develop suitable post-harvest handling procedures for this valued cut green. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) Factorial layout with 19 treatment modules (M0 to M18) was employed. Treatment modules included packaging material as poly mesh net bags and packing materials as corrugated fiberboard boxes , two storage durations (3 and 6 days) and chemical treatments [glycerol (4%) and Benzyl adenine (25mg L-1)]. Results revealed that spraying cut fronds with 4% glycerol, wrapping them in cellophane sheets and storing them for three days (M9) resulted in significant improvements in appearance, weight change, vase life and water uptake. Fronds from Season-II (March-April 2020) exhibited excellent performance over Season-I (August-September 2019). The interaction between M9 and Season-II further enhanced the postharvest parameters. The combination of glycerol treatment and cellophane wrapping for three-day storage proved most effective in preserving the quality of cut fronds.
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Keywords
Benzyl adenine, Glycerol, Packaging, Polystichum squarrosum, Vase life, storage
References
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Anggraeni, R. S. (2021). Antibacterial (Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli) and Antifungal (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) Activity Assay on Nanoemulsion Formulation of Ethanol Extract of Mangosteen Leaves (Garcinia mangostana L.) as Fruit Preservative. Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 9(1), 1-1. https://doi.org/10.22146/jfps.1008
Bhattacharjee, S. K. (1999). Postharvest technology of flowers and ornamental plants. New India Publishing.
Chaves, M. M., Flexas, J. & Pinheiro, C. (2009). Photosynthesis under drought and salt stress: regulation mechanisms from whole plant to cell. Annals of Botany, 103(4), 551-560. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcn125
Dusenge, M. E., Duarte, A. G. & Way, D. A. (2019). Plant carbon metabolism and climate change: elevated CO2 and temperature impacts on photosynthesis, photorespiration and respiration. New Phytologist, 221(1), 32-49. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.15283
Favero, B. T., Lutken, H., Dole, J. M. & Lima, G. P. P. (2020). Anthurium andraeanum senescence in response to 6-benzylaminopurine: Vase life and biochemical aspects. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 161, 111084. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2019.111084
Gololo, S. S., Shai, L. J., Agyei, N. M. & Mogale, M. A. (2016). Effect of seasonal changes on the quantity of phytochemicals in the leaves of three medicinal plants from Limpopo province, South Africa. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, 8(9), 168-172. https://doi.org/10.5897/JPP2016.0408
Goreta, S, Leskovar, D. I. & Jifon, J. L. (2007). Gas exchange, water status, and growth of pepper seedlings exposed to transient water deficit stress are differentially altered by antitranspirants. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 132(5), 603-610. https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS.132.5.603
He, H. & Zhang, L. B. (2022). Polystichum gonggashanense (Dryopteridaceae): a new fern from Sichuan, China. Phytotaxa, 559(2), 207-212. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.559.2.10
Jangi, F., Ebadi, M. T. & Ayyari, M. (2021). Qualitative changes in hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.) as affected by cold plasma, packaging method and storage duration. Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 22, 100289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jarmap.2020.100289
Khalid, S., Majeed, M., Ullah, M. I., Shahid, M., Riasat, A. R., Abbas, T., Aatif, H. M. & Farooq, A. (2020). Effect of storage conditions and packaging material on postharvest quality attributes of strawberry. Journal of Horticulture and Postharvest Research, 3(2), 195-208. https://doi.org/10.22077/jhpr.2019.2826.1093
Kociecka, J., Liberacki, D. & Strozecki, M. (2023). The Role of Antitranspirants in Mitigating Drought Stress in Plants of the Grass Family (Poaceae)-A Review. Sustainability, 15(12), 9165. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15129165
Kumar, R. & Singh, K. (2006). Effect of pre-storage pulsing on storage life of gladiolus cut spikes. Journal of Ornamental Horticulture, 9(4), 258-261.
Kumar, V., Kumar, R., Khajuria, S., Khajuria, S., Gupta, S., Sinha, A. K., Raina, V., Jamwal, M., Dhotra, B. & Khajuria, V. (2023). Response of trickle irrigation and some antitranspirants on fruit yield and quality of Kinnow mandarin (Citrus reticulate Blanco) under rainfed condition. The Pharma Innovation Journal, 2023; 12(7), 3338-3342.
Lai, N. Y. G., Kuah, A. T., Kim, C. H. & Wong, K. H. (2022). Toward sustainable express deliveries for online shopping: Reusing packaging materials through reverse logistics. Thunderbird International Business Review, 64(4), 351-362. https://doi.org/10.1002/tie.22259
Lambers, H., Chapin, F. S., & Pons, T. L. (2008). Plant physiological ecology. Springer Science, New York, pp. 99.
Lufu, R., Ambaw, A. & Opara, U. L. 2020. Water loss of fresh fruit: Influencing pre-harvest, harvest and postharvest factors. Scientia Horticulturae, 272(102), 109519. 10.1016/j.scienta.2020.109519
Lv, G. L., Wanf, J. X., Feng, S. L., Yao, L. X. & Dang, Q. N. (2020). Effects of different types of anti-transpirants on water use efficiency of four herbaceous plants. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 28(3), 712-719. 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2020.03.015
Moroni, F. J., Gascon-Aldana, P. J. & Rogiers, S. Y. (2020). Characterizing the efficacy of a film-forming antitranspirant on raspberry foliar and fruit transpiration. Biology, 9(9), 255. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology9090255
Mphande, W., Kettlewell, P. S., Grove, I. G. & Farrell, A. D. (2020). The potential of antitranspirants in drought management of arable crops: A review. Agricultural Water Management, 236, 106143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106143
Nguyen, T. H., Boonyaritthongchai, P., Buanong, M., Supapvanich, S. & Wongs-Aree, C. (2021). Edible coating of chitosan ionically combined with κ-carrageenan maintains the bract and postharvest attributes of dragon fruit (Hylocereus undatus). International Food Research Journal, 28(4), 682-694. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2021.109916
Pacifici, S., Ferrante, A., Mensuali-Sodi, A. & Serra, G. (2007). Postharvest physiology and technology of cut eucalyptus branches: a review. Journal of Agromedicine, 137, 124-131.
Patel, G. D., Patel, R. B., Patel, B. N., Singh, A., & Dhaduk, B. K. (2008). Effect of wrapping films and cold storage on post harvest life of spiderlily (Hymenocallis littoralis). Journal of Ornamental Horticulture, 11(3), 224-227.
Pranuthi, P., Suseela, T., Swami, D.V., Suneetha, D. S. & Vani, V. S. (2018). Effect of Different Packing and Storage Conditions on Biochemical Parameters in Extending the Vase Life of Cut Carnation cv. Kiro. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 7(8), 1348-1355. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.712.158
Punetha, P. & Trivedi, H. (2018). Analysis of antitranspirant chemicals in relation to the post-harvest attributes of cut rose cv. Naranjo. International Journal of Chemical Studies, 6(2), 1745-1749.
Raza, A., Charagh, S., García-Caparrós, P., Rahman, M.A., Ogwugwa, V.H., Saeed, F. & Jin, W. (2022). Melatonin-mediated temperature stress tolerance in plants. GM Crops & Food, 13(1), 196-217. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645698.2022.2106111
Reid, M. S., & Jiang, C. Z. (2012). Postharvest biology and technology of cut flowers and potted plants. Horticultural Reviews, 40, 1-54. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118351871.ch1
Revathi, P., Arun, M. N., Sukumar, K., Dhrua, S. & Bindu, G. S. (2021). Enhancing the water stress tolerance in soybean (Glycine max L.) through anti-transpirants and mulch. Legume Research-An International Journal, 44(11), 1315-1321. 10.18805/LR-4216
Rida, M. E. D. F. & El-Gedawey, H. (2022). Influence of some anti-transpirants on the longevity, quality and cold dry transportation of Thaumatophyllum bipinnatifidum (selloum) cut leaves. Scientific Journal of Flowers and Ornamental Plants, 9(2), 115-132. 10.21608/SJFOP.2022.251807
Saggoo, M. I. S. & Kaur, M. (2018). An infertile triploid population of Polystichum squarrosum from Himachal Pradesh. Cytologia, 83(2), 181-186. https://doi.org/10.1508/cytologia.83.181
Sarkar, B., Tayyab, M., Kim, N. & Habib, M. S. (2019). Optimal production delivery policies for supplier and manufacturer in a constrained closed-loop supply chain for returnable transport packaging through metaheuristic approach. Computers and Industrial Engineering, 135, 987-1003. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2019.05.035
Sharma, B. P., Beshir, H. M., Chaudhary, S. V. S. & Dilta, B. S. (2010). Effect of various wrapping materials and storage durations on post harvest life of asiatic hybrid lily cv.‘apeldoorn’. Annals of Horticulture, 3(1), 69-74.
Sharma, P. & Thakur, N. (2020). Effect of pulsing and storage methods for extending vase life of cut flowers. International Journal of Chemical Studies, 8(6), 1320-1328. https://doi.org/10.22271/chemi.2020.v8.i6s.10943
Shinde, S. P., Chaudhari, S. R. & Matche, R. S. (2023). A way forward for a sustainable active packaging solution for prolonging the freshness and shelf life of Rosa hybrida L. cut flowers. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 204, 112475.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2023.112475
Singh, H. B. (1999). Potential medicinal pteridophytes of India and their chemical constituents. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany, 23(1), 63-78.
Sow, S. & Ranjan, S. (2021). Antitranspirants: A novel tool for combating water stress under climate change scenario. Food and Scientific Report, 2, 29-31.
Voss, D. H., (2002). The Royal Horticultural Society Colour Chart.
Wahba, H. E., Sarhan, A. Z., Salama, A. B., Sharaf-Eldin, M. A. & Gad, H. M. (2017). Effect of seasonal variation on the growth and chemical composition of Cynara cardunculus L. plants. J. Mater. Environ. Sci, 8, 318-323.
Warmund, M. R., Trinklein, D. H., Ellersieck, M. R. & Smeda, R. J. (2021). Antitranspirants partially mitigate auxin herbicide injury on tomato plants. HortScience, 56(8), 932-939. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI15888-21
Yadav, P., Kashyap, B., Dhiman, S.R., Sharma, P., Gupta, Y.C. & Sharma, M. (2018). Effect of glycerine on drying of cut foliage of Polystichum squarrosum (D Don) Fee. International Journal of Farm Sciences, 8(3), 51-57. 10.5958/2250-0499.2018.00081.2
Yang, L., Wang, X., He, S., Luo, Y., Chen, S., Shan, Y., Wang, R. & Ding, S. (2021). Heat shock treatment maintains the quality attributes of postharvest jujube fruits and delays their senescence process during cold storage. Journal of Food Biochemistry, 45(10), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfbc.13937
Zhang, L., Shi, X., Hou, H., Lin, Q., Zhu, S. & Wang, G. (2023). 6-Benzyladenine Treatment Maintains Storage Quality of Chinese Flowering Cabbage by Inhibiting Chlorophyll Degradation and Enhancing Antioxidant Capacity. Plants, 12(2), 334. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants 12020334
Anggraeni, R. S. (2021). Antibacterial (Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli) and Antifungal (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) Activity Assay on Nanoemulsion Formulation of Ethanol Extract of Mangosteen Leaves (Garcinia mangostana L.) as Fruit Preservative. Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 9(1), 1-1. https://doi.org/10.22146/jfps.1008
Bhattacharjee, S. K. (1999). Postharvest technology of flowers and ornamental plants. New India Publishing.
Chaves, M. M., Flexas, J. & Pinheiro, C. (2009). Photosynthesis under drought and salt stress: regulation mechanisms from whole plant to cell. Annals of Botany, 103(4), 551-560. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcn125
Dusenge, M. E., Duarte, A. G. & Way, D. A. (2019). Plant carbon metabolism and climate change: elevated CO2 and temperature impacts on photosynthesis, photorespiration and respiration. New Phytologist, 221(1), 32-49. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.15283
Favero, B. T., Lutken, H., Dole, J. M. & Lima, G. P. P. (2020). Anthurium andraeanum senescence in response to 6-benzylaminopurine: Vase life and biochemical aspects. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 161, 111084. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2019.111084
Gololo, S. S., Shai, L. J., Agyei, N. M. & Mogale, M. A. (2016). Effect of seasonal changes on the quantity of phytochemicals in the leaves of three medicinal plants from Limpopo province, South Africa. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, 8(9), 168-172. https://doi.org/10.5897/JPP2016.0408
Goreta, S, Leskovar, D. I. & Jifon, J. L. (2007). Gas exchange, water status, and growth of pepper seedlings exposed to transient water deficit stress are differentially altered by antitranspirants. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 132(5), 603-610. https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS.132.5.603
He, H. & Zhang, L. B. (2022). Polystichum gonggashanense (Dryopteridaceae): a new fern from Sichuan, China. Phytotaxa, 559(2), 207-212. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.559.2.10
Jangi, F., Ebadi, M. T. & Ayyari, M. (2021). Qualitative changes in hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.) as affected by cold plasma, packaging method and storage duration. Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 22, 100289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jarmap.2020.100289
Khalid, S., Majeed, M., Ullah, M. I., Shahid, M., Riasat, A. R., Abbas, T., Aatif, H. M. & Farooq, A. (2020). Effect of storage conditions and packaging material on postharvest quality attributes of strawberry. Journal of Horticulture and Postharvest Research, 3(2), 195-208. https://doi.org/10.22077/jhpr.2019.2826.1093
Kociecka, J., Liberacki, D. & Strozecki, M. (2023). The Role of Antitranspirants in Mitigating Drought Stress in Plants of the Grass Family (Poaceae)-A Review. Sustainability, 15(12), 9165. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15129165
Kumar, R. & Singh, K. (2006). Effect of pre-storage pulsing on storage life of gladiolus cut spikes. Journal of Ornamental Horticulture, 9(4), 258-261.
Kumar, V., Kumar, R., Khajuria, S., Khajuria, S., Gupta, S., Sinha, A. K., Raina, V., Jamwal, M., Dhotra, B. & Khajuria, V. (2023). Response of trickle irrigation and some antitranspirants on fruit yield and quality of Kinnow mandarin (Citrus reticulate Blanco) under rainfed condition. The Pharma Innovation Journal, 2023; 12(7), 3338-3342.
Lai, N. Y. G., Kuah, A. T., Kim, C. H. & Wong, K. H. (2022). Toward sustainable express deliveries for online shopping: Reusing packaging materials through reverse logistics. Thunderbird International Business Review, 64(4), 351-362. https://doi.org/10.1002/tie.22259
Lambers, H., Chapin, F. S., & Pons, T. L. (2008). Plant physiological ecology. Springer Science, New York, pp. 99.
Lufu, R., Ambaw, A. & Opara, U. L. 2020. Water loss of fresh fruit: Influencing pre-harvest, harvest and postharvest factors. Scientia Horticulturae, 272(102), 109519. 10.1016/j.scienta.2020.109519
Lv, G. L., Wanf, J. X., Feng, S. L., Yao, L. X. & Dang, Q. N. (2020). Effects of different types of anti-transpirants on water use efficiency of four herbaceous plants. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 28(3), 712-719. 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2020.03.015
Moroni, F. J., Gascon-Aldana, P. J. & Rogiers, S. Y. (2020). Characterizing the efficacy of a film-forming antitranspirant on raspberry foliar and fruit transpiration. Biology, 9(9), 255. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology9090255
Mphande, W., Kettlewell, P. S., Grove, I. G. & Farrell, A. D. (2020). The potential of antitranspirants in drought management of arable crops: A review. Agricultural Water Management, 236, 106143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106143
Nguyen, T. H., Boonyaritthongchai, P., Buanong, M., Supapvanich, S. & Wongs-Aree, C. (2021). Edible coating of chitosan ionically combined with κ-carrageenan maintains the bract and postharvest attributes of dragon fruit (Hylocereus undatus). International Food Research Journal, 28(4), 682-694. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2021.109916
Pacifici, S., Ferrante, A., Mensuali-Sodi, A. & Serra, G. (2007). Postharvest physiology and technology of cut eucalyptus branches: a review. Journal of Agromedicine, 137, 124-131.
Patel, G. D., Patel, R. B., Patel, B. N., Singh, A., & Dhaduk, B. K. (2008). Effect of wrapping films and cold storage on post harvest life of spiderlily (Hymenocallis littoralis). Journal of Ornamental Horticulture, 11(3), 224-227.
Pranuthi, P., Suseela, T., Swami, D.V., Suneetha, D. S. & Vani, V. S. (2018). Effect of Different Packing and Storage Conditions on Biochemical Parameters in Extending the Vase Life of Cut Carnation cv. Kiro. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 7(8), 1348-1355. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.712.158
Punetha, P. & Trivedi, H. (2018). Analysis of antitranspirant chemicals in relation to the post-harvest attributes of cut rose cv. Naranjo. International Journal of Chemical Studies, 6(2), 1745-1749.
Raza, A., Charagh, S., García-Caparrós, P., Rahman, M.A., Ogwugwa, V.H., Saeed, F. & Jin, W. (2022). Melatonin-mediated temperature stress tolerance in plants. GM Crops & Food, 13(1), 196-217. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645698.2022.2106111
Reid, M. S., & Jiang, C. Z. (2012). Postharvest biology and technology of cut flowers and potted plants. Horticultural Reviews, 40, 1-54. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118351871.ch1
Revathi, P., Arun, M. N., Sukumar, K., Dhrua, S. & Bindu, G. S. (2021). Enhancing the water stress tolerance in soybean (Glycine max L.) through anti-transpirants and mulch. Legume Research-An International Journal, 44(11), 1315-1321. 10.18805/LR-4216
Rida, M. E. D. F. & El-Gedawey, H. (2022). Influence of some anti-transpirants on the longevity, quality and cold dry transportation of Thaumatophyllum bipinnatifidum (selloum) cut leaves. Scientific Journal of Flowers and Ornamental Plants, 9(2), 115-132. 10.21608/SJFOP.2022.251807
Saggoo, M. I. S. & Kaur, M. (2018). An infertile triploid population of Polystichum squarrosum from Himachal Pradesh. Cytologia, 83(2), 181-186. https://doi.org/10.1508/cytologia.83.181
Sarkar, B., Tayyab, M., Kim, N. & Habib, M. S. (2019). Optimal production delivery policies for supplier and manufacturer in a constrained closed-loop supply chain for returnable transport packaging through metaheuristic approach. Computers and Industrial Engineering, 135, 987-1003. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2019.05.035
Sharma, B. P., Beshir, H. M., Chaudhary, S. V. S. & Dilta, B. S. (2010). Effect of various wrapping materials and storage durations on post harvest life of asiatic hybrid lily cv.‘apeldoorn’. Annals of Horticulture, 3(1), 69-74.
Sharma, P. & Thakur, N. (2020). Effect of pulsing and storage methods for extending vase life of cut flowers. International Journal of Chemical Studies, 8(6), 1320-1328. https://doi.org/10.22271/chemi.2020.v8.i6s.10943
Shinde, S. P., Chaudhari, S. R. & Matche, R. S. (2023). A way forward for a sustainable active packaging solution for prolonging the freshness and shelf life of Rosa hybrida L. cut flowers. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 204, 112475.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2023.112475
Singh, H. B. (1999). Potential medicinal pteridophytes of India and their chemical constituents. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany, 23(1), 63-78.
Sow, S. & Ranjan, S. (2021). Antitranspirants: A novel tool for combating water stress under climate change scenario. Food and Scientific Report, 2, 29-31.
Voss, D. H., (2002). The Royal Horticultural Society Colour Chart.
Wahba, H. E., Sarhan, A. Z., Salama, A. B., Sharaf-Eldin, M. A. & Gad, H. M. (2017). Effect of seasonal variation on the growth and chemical composition of Cynara cardunculus L. plants. J. Mater. Environ. Sci, 8, 318-323.
Warmund, M. R., Trinklein, D. H., Ellersieck, M. R. & Smeda, R. J. (2021). Antitranspirants partially mitigate auxin herbicide injury on tomato plants. HortScience, 56(8), 932-939. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI15888-21
Yadav, P., Kashyap, B., Dhiman, S.R., Sharma, P., Gupta, Y.C. & Sharma, M. (2018). Effect of glycerine on drying of cut foliage of Polystichum squarrosum (D Don) Fee. International Journal of Farm Sciences, 8(3), 51-57. 10.5958/2250-0499.2018.00081.2
Yang, L., Wang, X., He, S., Luo, Y., Chen, S., Shan, Y., Wang, R. & Ding, S. (2021). Heat shock treatment maintains the quality attributes of postharvest jujube fruits and delays their senescence process during cold storage. Journal of Food Biochemistry, 45(10), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfbc.13937
Zhang, L., Shi, X., Hou, H., Lin, Q., Zhu, S. & Wang, G. (2023). 6-Benzyladenine Treatment Maintains Storage Quality of Chinese Flowering Cabbage by Inhibiting Chlorophyll Degradation and Enhancing Antioxidant Capacity. Plants, 12(2), 334. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants 12020334
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How to Cite
Standardization of packaging material, storage durations and chemical treatments on vase life of soft shield fern Polystichum squarrosum (D. Don). (2024). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 16(2), 519-525. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v16i2.5474
