Taxonomic redescription of subfamily Scymninae (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) from Haryana, India
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Abstract
The ladybird beetles of Scymninae, a subfamily of Coccinellidae are efficient biocontrol agents. Many earlier studies document their protective role associated with many crops. This subfamily is represented by 5 tribes,15 genera and 138 species in the Indian subcontinent. However there is no scientific record of taxonomic description of the subfamily Scymninae within the Coccinellidae family of beetles (Coccinellidae: Coleoptera) in Haryana, India. In the present study, seven species from three genera and two tribes of sub-family Scymninae i.e. Nephus (Bipunctatus) bipunctatus (Kugelann,1794), Nephus regularis (Sicard), Scymnus (Pullus) coccivora Ramakrishna Ayyar, 1925, Scymnus (Pullus) latemaculatus Motschulsky, Scymnus (Scymnus) nubilus Mulsant, Scymnus (Pullus) posticalis Sicard and Stethorus aptus Kapur were identified. It included the generation of keys to the tribes, genera, subgenera and species found during the study. It provided detailed taxonomy of the identified species based on various morphological characteristics such as coxal lines, antennae, mandibles, and male and female genitalia. This study marks the first taxonomic exploration of species within the Scymninae subfamily in Haryana, India. It will significantly contribute to understanding the biodiversity of beetles in the region and will lay the groundwork for further research and conservation initiatives.
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Keywords
Beetles, Coleoptera, Diversity, Scymninae, Taxonomyc resistance genes, Proteus mirabilis, Plasmids, Virulence genes
References
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Ashfaque, M., Ullah, F., Rafi, M.A. & Naz, F. (2015). Taxonomic study of subfamily Scymninae (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) with one new record from Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. Turk J. Zool, 39(6), 1034-1040. https://doi.org/10.3906/zoo-1401-17
Babu, A. (2012). Stethorus aptus: A new predator of RSM. Tocklai News, (18), 2
Biranvand, A., Hesami, S., Gheibi, M., Fekrat, L., Nedved, O. & Shakarami, J. (2018). Contribution to the knowledge of Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) of Iran. Oriental Insects, 53(1), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1080/00305316.2018.1482804
Booth, R.G. & Pope, R.D. (1989). A review of the type material of Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) described by F.W. Hope, and by E. Mulsant in the Hope Entomological Collections, Oxford. Insect Systematics & Evolution, 20(3), 343-370. https://doi.org/10.1163/187631289X00366
Chen, X., Canepari, C., Wang, X. & Ren, S. (2016). Revision of the subgenus OrthoscymnusCanepari of ScymnusKugelann (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae), with descriptions of four new species.ZooKeys, 552, 91–107. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.552.6167
Chen, X., Xie, X., Ren, & S. Wang, X. (2016a). A taxonomic review of the genus HorniolusWeise from China, with description of a new species (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae).ZooKeys, 623, 105-123. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.623.10191
Chowdhury, S., Pritin P., Sontakke, T., Bhattacharjee, J., Bhattacharjee, D. & Malsawmzuali. (2015). Taxonomic studies on predatory coccinellid beetles and their species composition in rice ecosystem of Indo-Bangladesh border. The Bioscan, 10(1), 229-242.
Ghosh, J., Das, P., Ghosh, S., Bhunia, D., Kushwaha, R., Gupta, D. & Chandra, K. (2020). Insecta: Coleoptera, Fauna of Haryan, State fauna series. Zool. Surv. India 24: 221-275.
Giorgi, J. A., Vandenberg, N. J., McHugh, J. V., Forrester, J., Slipinski, A., Miller, K. B., Shapiro, L. R. & Whiting., M. F. (2009). The evolution of food preferences in Coccinellidae. Biological Control, 51, 215–231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2009.05.019
Gordon, R. D. (1985). The Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) of America north of Mexico. J. N. Y. Entomol. Soc.,93(1), 1–912.
Govindasamy, M. & Khursheed, S. (2018). A new host and distribution record for the black coccinellid, Stethorus aptus Kapur (Coccinellidae: Coleoptera). Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 28: 53. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41938-018-0057-9
Hawkeswood, T.J. (1987).Beetles of Australia. Angus & Robertson Publishers, Sydney, 1-256.
Kedar, S.C., Kumarange, K.M., Bhujbal, D.S. & Thodsare, N.H. (2014). Insects pests of okra and their management. Popular Kethi, 2(3), 112-119.
Kedar, S.C., Saini, R.K. & Ram, P. (2011). Record of coccinellid predators associated with solenopsis mealybug, PhenacoccussolenopsisTinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) from Haryana. J. ent. Res., 35(3): 245-246.
Khan, I., Din, S., Khalil, S.K. & Rafi, M.A. (2007). Survey of predatory coccinellids (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in the Chitral District, Pakistan. Journal of Insect Science,7(7), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1673/031.007.0701
Kumar, R., Pal, V., Jat, M. C., Monga, D. & Jat, S. (2009). Studies on mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley on transgenic cotton in North India. Indian Journal of Entomology,72(2): 125-129.
Li, W.Q., Yang, H.H., Deng, G.R. & Jin, M.X. (1990). Study on bionomics of Stethorus guangxiensis and S. Aptus. Journal of Guangxi Agricultural College, 9 (4) : 19-25.
Majerus, M. & Kearns, P. (1989). Ladybirds Naturalists’ Handbooks. 10. Slough: Richmond Publishing. 103.
Pang, X. & Gordon, R.D. (1984). Lectotype designations and new synonymy in Oriental Scymnini (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). The Coleopterists Bulletin, 38(2): 131-135.
Peng, F., Poorani, J., Booth, R., Xingmin, W., Chen, X. & Anuradha, C. (2023). Slipinskiscymnus gen. nov., a new ladybird genus of Scymnini (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) and notes on the taxonomic status of KeiscymnusSasaji. Zootaxa. 5325, 97-115. https://doi.org/10.11646/ZOOTAXA.5325.1.6
Poorani, J. (2019). Indian Insects: Coccinellidae of the Indian subcontinent (1st ed.). CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429061400
Poorani J. & Rojeet T. (2019). New additions to Indian fauna of Coccinellidae (Coleoptera). Oriental Insects, 53 (4), 547-565. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 003053 16. 2018. 1550448
Poorani, J. & Lalitha, N. (2018). Illustrated accounts of coccinellid predators of Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Pseudococcidae) on mulberry in India, with description of a new species of Scymnus Kugelann (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) from West Bengal. Zootaxa, 4382(1), 93-120. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4382.1.3
Poorani, J. (2002). An annotated checklist of the Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) (Excluding Epilachninae) on the Indian subregion. Oriental Insects, 36(1): 307-383. https://doi.org/10.1080/00305316.2002.10417335
Poorani, J. (2004). Notes on the Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) of the Indian subcontinent, including new synonymies. J. Bioi. Control. 18(2), 185-187.
Poorani, J. (2015). Two new species of Scymnini (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) from Karnataka, India. Biodiversity Data Journal 3: e5296. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.3.e5296
Poorani, J. (2017). Stethorus spp. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) predatory on Schizotetranychushindustanicus (Hirst) (Acari: Tetranychidae) from South India, including a new species and a new synonymy in Indian Stethorus. Zootaxa. 4277 (4), 591-599. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4277.4.9
Poorani, J., Anuradha, C. & Thanigairaj, Mol. P. (2024). Coccinellid predators of mealybugs infesting banana in South India, including a new species and a new record of Scymnus Kugelann (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), with notes on other natural enemies. Zootaxa. 5419: 525-544. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5419.4.3
Ram, P. & Saini, R.K. (2010). Biological control of solenopsis mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley on cotton: A typical example of fortuitous biological control. J. Biol. Cont., 24(2), 104-109.
Rana, J.S. (2006). Response of Coccinella septempunctataand Menochilus sexmaculata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) to their aphid prey, Lipaphiserysimi (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in rapeseed-mustard. Eur. J. Entomol. 103(1): 81–84. https://doi.org/10.14411/eje.2006.013
Reddy, B.T., Chandran, N., Kumar, A. & Sathyanarayana, K. (2023). Scymnus (Scymnus) arciformis Chen, Wang, and Ren (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), a New Record for India. The Coleopterists Bulletin, 77(1), 140-145. https://doi.org/10.1649/0010-065X-77.1.140
Ren, S.X., Wang, X.M., Pang, H., Peng, Z.Q. & Zeng, T. (2009). Colored Pictorial Handbook of Ladybird Beetles in China. Science Press, Beijing, 336 pp.
Roy, H. E., Brown, P.M.J., Comont, R. F., Poland, R. L. & Sloggett, J.J. (2013). Ladybirds. Pelagic Publishing. 142pp.
Sasaji, H. (1968). Phylogeny of the family Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) Etizenia, 35, 1-37.
Sasaji, H. (1971). Fauna Japonica, Coccinellidae (Insecta : Coleoptera). Academic Press of Japan, 340pp.
Slipinski, A. (2007). Australian ladybird beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) their biology and classification. ABRS, Canberra, Australia, pp. 286.
Slipinski, A., Pang, H. & Booth, R. G. (2012). Revision of the Australian Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) Part 8, Genus Scymnus Kugelann. Annales Zoologici. 62, 679-704. https://doi.org/10.3161/000345412X659731
Ślipiński, A. and W. Tomaszewska. 2010. Coccinellidae Latreille1802. 454-472. https://doi.org/10.1515/97831 10911213.454
Stork, N. (2018). How Many Species of Insects and Other Terrestrial Arthropods Are There on Earth?. Annual Review of Entomology. 63, 31-45. 10.1146/annurev-ento-020117-043348. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-020117-043348
Teja, K. S. S., Tiwari, A. K., Nayak, T., Khan, A., Yadav, A., Sahu, P. & Kumar, A. (2023). A Comprehensive Review on Diversity of Predaceous Coccinellid Beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology, 42(48), 112-119. https://doi.org/10.9734/cjast/2023/v42i484338
Vasista, T., Chalam, M.S., Hariprasad, K.V. & Mohan Naidu, G. (2020). Biodiversity of coccinellid fauna associated with groundnut crop-ecosystem from Rayalaseema region of Andhra Pradesh. J Entomol Zool Stud., 8(4), 1313-19. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.908.094
Vidya, C. & Bhaskar, H. (2017). Scymnini (Coleoptera:Coccinellidae) associated with major sucking pests of Kerala. Journal of Biological Control.31(4), 212-216. https://doi.org/10.18311/jbc/2017/18618
Yasmeen, S. & Dugaje, P. (2020). Holistic survey on predatory ladybird beetle diversity at selected regions of nashik district (maharashtra), india, IJBI . 2 (1), 52-62. DOI: https://doi.org/10.46505/IJBI.2020.2108
Zhang, Z.Q. (2013). Phylum Arthropoda. In, animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness (Addenda, 2013) (Ed. Zhang, Z.Q.), Zootaxa, 3703: 17-26. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3703.1.6
Ashfaque, M., Ullah, F., Rafi, M.A. & Naz, F. (2015). Taxonomic study of subfamily Scymninae (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) with one new record from Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. Turk J. Zool, 39(6), 1034-1040. https://doi.org/10.3906/zoo-1401-17
Babu, A. (2012). Stethorus aptus: A new predator of RSM. Tocklai News, (18), 2
Biranvand, A., Hesami, S., Gheibi, M., Fekrat, L., Nedved, O. & Shakarami, J. (2018). Contribution to the knowledge of Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) of Iran. Oriental Insects, 53(1), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1080/00305316.2018.1482804
Booth, R.G. & Pope, R.D. (1989). A review of the type material of Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) described by F.W. Hope, and by E. Mulsant in the Hope Entomological Collections, Oxford. Insect Systematics & Evolution, 20(3), 343-370. https://doi.org/10.1163/187631289X00366
Chen, X., Canepari, C., Wang, X. & Ren, S. (2016). Revision of the subgenus OrthoscymnusCanepari of ScymnusKugelann (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae), with descriptions of four new species.ZooKeys, 552, 91–107. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.552.6167
Chen, X., Xie, X., Ren, & S. Wang, X. (2016a). A taxonomic review of the genus HorniolusWeise from China, with description of a new species (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae).ZooKeys, 623, 105-123. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.623.10191
Chowdhury, S., Pritin P., Sontakke, T., Bhattacharjee, J., Bhattacharjee, D. & Malsawmzuali. (2015). Taxonomic studies on predatory coccinellid beetles and their species composition in rice ecosystem of Indo-Bangladesh border. The Bioscan, 10(1), 229-242.
Ghosh, J., Das, P., Ghosh, S., Bhunia, D., Kushwaha, R., Gupta, D. & Chandra, K. (2020). Insecta: Coleoptera, Fauna of Haryan, State fauna series. Zool. Surv. India 24: 221-275.
Giorgi, J. A., Vandenberg, N. J., McHugh, J. V., Forrester, J., Slipinski, A., Miller, K. B., Shapiro, L. R. & Whiting., M. F. (2009). The evolution of food preferences in Coccinellidae. Biological Control, 51, 215–231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2009.05.019
Gordon, R. D. (1985). The Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) of America north of Mexico. J. N. Y. Entomol. Soc.,93(1), 1–912.
Govindasamy, M. & Khursheed, S. (2018). A new host and distribution record for the black coccinellid, Stethorus aptus Kapur (Coccinellidae: Coleoptera). Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 28: 53. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41938-018-0057-9
Hawkeswood, T.J. (1987).Beetles of Australia. Angus & Robertson Publishers, Sydney, 1-256.
Kedar, S.C., Kumarange, K.M., Bhujbal, D.S. & Thodsare, N.H. (2014). Insects pests of okra and their management. Popular Kethi, 2(3), 112-119.
Kedar, S.C., Saini, R.K. & Ram, P. (2011). Record of coccinellid predators associated with solenopsis mealybug, PhenacoccussolenopsisTinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) from Haryana. J. ent. Res., 35(3): 245-246.
Khan, I., Din, S., Khalil, S.K. & Rafi, M.A. (2007). Survey of predatory coccinellids (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in the Chitral District, Pakistan. Journal of Insect Science,7(7), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1673/031.007.0701
Kumar, R., Pal, V., Jat, M. C., Monga, D. & Jat, S. (2009). Studies on mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley on transgenic cotton in North India. Indian Journal of Entomology,72(2): 125-129.
Li, W.Q., Yang, H.H., Deng, G.R. & Jin, M.X. (1990). Study on bionomics of Stethorus guangxiensis and S. Aptus. Journal of Guangxi Agricultural College, 9 (4) : 19-25.
Majerus, M. & Kearns, P. (1989). Ladybirds Naturalists’ Handbooks. 10. Slough: Richmond Publishing. 103.
Pang, X. & Gordon, R.D. (1984). Lectotype designations and new synonymy in Oriental Scymnini (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). The Coleopterists Bulletin, 38(2): 131-135.
Peng, F., Poorani, J., Booth, R., Xingmin, W., Chen, X. & Anuradha, C. (2023). Slipinskiscymnus gen. nov., a new ladybird genus of Scymnini (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) and notes on the taxonomic status of KeiscymnusSasaji. Zootaxa. 5325, 97-115. https://doi.org/10.11646/ZOOTAXA.5325.1.6
Poorani, J. (2019). Indian Insects: Coccinellidae of the Indian subcontinent (1st ed.). CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429061400
Poorani J. & Rojeet T. (2019). New additions to Indian fauna of Coccinellidae (Coleoptera). Oriental Insects, 53 (4), 547-565. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 003053 16. 2018. 1550448
Poorani, J. & Lalitha, N. (2018). Illustrated accounts of coccinellid predators of Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Pseudococcidae) on mulberry in India, with description of a new species of Scymnus Kugelann (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) from West Bengal. Zootaxa, 4382(1), 93-120. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4382.1.3
Poorani, J. (2002). An annotated checklist of the Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) (Excluding Epilachninae) on the Indian subregion. Oriental Insects, 36(1): 307-383. https://doi.org/10.1080/00305316.2002.10417335
Poorani, J. (2004). Notes on the Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) of the Indian subcontinent, including new synonymies. J. Bioi. Control. 18(2), 185-187.
Poorani, J. (2015). Two new species of Scymnini (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) from Karnataka, India. Biodiversity Data Journal 3: e5296. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.3.e5296
Poorani, J. (2017). Stethorus spp. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) predatory on Schizotetranychushindustanicus (Hirst) (Acari: Tetranychidae) from South India, including a new species and a new synonymy in Indian Stethorus. Zootaxa. 4277 (4), 591-599. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4277.4.9
Poorani, J., Anuradha, C. & Thanigairaj, Mol. P. (2024). Coccinellid predators of mealybugs infesting banana in South India, including a new species and a new record of Scymnus Kugelann (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), with notes on other natural enemies. Zootaxa. 5419: 525-544. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5419.4.3
Ram, P. & Saini, R.K. (2010). Biological control of solenopsis mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley on cotton: A typical example of fortuitous biological control. J. Biol. Cont., 24(2), 104-109.
Rana, J.S. (2006). Response of Coccinella septempunctataand Menochilus sexmaculata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) to their aphid prey, Lipaphiserysimi (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in rapeseed-mustard. Eur. J. Entomol. 103(1): 81–84. https://doi.org/10.14411/eje.2006.013
Reddy, B.T., Chandran, N., Kumar, A. & Sathyanarayana, K. (2023). Scymnus (Scymnus) arciformis Chen, Wang, and Ren (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), a New Record for India. The Coleopterists Bulletin, 77(1), 140-145. https://doi.org/10.1649/0010-065X-77.1.140
Ren, S.X., Wang, X.M., Pang, H., Peng, Z.Q. & Zeng, T. (2009). Colored Pictorial Handbook of Ladybird Beetles in China. Science Press, Beijing, 336 pp.
Roy, H. E., Brown, P.M.J., Comont, R. F., Poland, R. L. & Sloggett, J.J. (2013). Ladybirds. Pelagic Publishing. 142pp.
Sasaji, H. (1968). Phylogeny of the family Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) Etizenia, 35, 1-37.
Sasaji, H. (1971). Fauna Japonica, Coccinellidae (Insecta : Coleoptera). Academic Press of Japan, 340pp.
Slipinski, A. (2007). Australian ladybird beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) their biology and classification. ABRS, Canberra, Australia, pp. 286.
Slipinski, A., Pang, H. & Booth, R. G. (2012). Revision of the Australian Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) Part 8, Genus Scymnus Kugelann. Annales Zoologici. 62, 679-704. https://doi.org/10.3161/000345412X659731
Ślipiński, A. and W. Tomaszewska. 2010. Coccinellidae Latreille1802. 454-472. https://doi.org/10.1515/97831 10911213.454
Stork, N. (2018). How Many Species of Insects and Other Terrestrial Arthropods Are There on Earth?. Annual Review of Entomology. 63, 31-45. 10.1146/annurev-ento-020117-043348. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-020117-043348
Teja, K. S. S., Tiwari, A. K., Nayak, T., Khan, A., Yadav, A., Sahu, P. & Kumar, A. (2023). A Comprehensive Review on Diversity of Predaceous Coccinellid Beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology, 42(48), 112-119. https://doi.org/10.9734/cjast/2023/v42i484338
Vasista, T., Chalam, M.S., Hariprasad, K.V. & Mohan Naidu, G. (2020). Biodiversity of coccinellid fauna associated with groundnut crop-ecosystem from Rayalaseema region of Andhra Pradesh. J Entomol Zool Stud., 8(4), 1313-19. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.908.094
Vidya, C. & Bhaskar, H. (2017). Scymnini (Coleoptera:Coccinellidae) associated with major sucking pests of Kerala. Journal of Biological Control.31(4), 212-216. https://doi.org/10.18311/jbc/2017/18618
Yasmeen, S. & Dugaje, P. (2020). Holistic survey on predatory ladybird beetle diversity at selected regions of nashik district (maharashtra), india, IJBI . 2 (1), 52-62. DOI: https://doi.org/10.46505/IJBI.2020.2108
Zhang, Z.Q. (2013). Phylum Arthropoda. In, animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness (Addenda, 2013) (Ed. Zhang, Z.Q.), Zootaxa, 3703: 17-26. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3703.1.6
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Taxonomic redescription of subfamily Scymninae (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) from Haryana, India. (2024). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 16(2), 842-853. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v16i2.5461
