Monthly variations in physico-chemical characteristics of water, MPN index and zooplankton of Devak stream, at Shiv temple complex, Udhampur, Jammu ( J & K), India
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Abstract
Water quality characteristics, MPN index/100ml, and zooplankton of sacred Devak stream, Udhampur were analyzed during February, 2010 to January, 2011. Various water quality parameters showed a well marked seasonal variation including MPN index/100 ml which remained above 240 during all the observations. Zooplanktons comprising of 46 species showed qualitative dominance of protozoa (33 species) followed by rotifera (7 species), annelida (2 species) and insecta (1 species), water nematoda, turbellaria (1 species) and cysts. Zooplankton was qualitatively and quantitatively poor/absent during monsoon floods (June to September) and was diversified and rich during February to May. Comparison of water utility parameters and MPN count/100 ml with national and international agencies suggested that water of this stream was not fit for consumption.
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Keywords
Devak stream, Most probable number, Physico-chemical parameters, Water quality, Zooplankton
References
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BIS (1991). Indian standard specifications for drinking water IS: 10500-91 (Bureau of Indian Standards) New Delhi: 1-4.
BMH (1957). The bacteriological examinations of water supplies. Report No. 7, British Ministry of Health, London, U.K.
Cole, G.A. (1975). A text book of Limnology. The G.V. Mosby company. Saint Louis. 3283 pp.
CPCB (1992). A system for surface water classification, Indian. Central Pollution Control Board, New Delhi.
Dogra,S. and Kaw,J.L. (1989). Industrial effluents and aquatic ecosystem : A toxicological overview in Manual.
Dutta, S.P.S. (1978). Limnology of Gadigarh stream (Miran Sahib, Jammu) with special reference to consumers inhabiting the stream. Ph. D. Thesis, University of Jammu, Jammu.
Dutta, S.P.S. (1983). On some fresh water Rhizopoda from Jammu Part-1, J. Univ. Review (Science), 1: 91-94.
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Dutta, S.P.S., Bali, J.P.S., Kour, H. and Sharma, I.D.(2001). Hydrobiology of river Basantar an important tribu-tary of the river Ravi. J. Aquatic Biol., 16(1-2): 41-44.
Dutta, S.P.S., Malhotra, Y.R. , Gupta, S.C. and Shekhar, C. (1999). Abiotic limnology and some biological as-pects of Schizothorax richardsonii (Gray and Hard) inhabiting Neeru nullah, Bhaderwah, District Doda ( J and K). J. Aqua. Biol. , 14(1-2): 39-42.
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Edmondson, W. T. (1992) Fresh water biology. Jhon Willy and Sons, Newyork. 1248pp
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Hutchinson, G.E. (1957). A Treatise on Limnology.Vol. I H.J. Wiley., New York: 1015 pp.
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Saxena, D.N. and Mishra, S.R. (1990). On the planktonic fauna of industrial waste water from Birlanagar industrial complex, Gwalior, India. Geo bios new Reports. 9: 186-188.
Sanjeev, L.R. and Sharma, U.P. (1995). Community struc-ture of plankton and their periodicity in Kawar lake, wetland, Begusarai, Bihar. II Zooplankton J. Fresh-water Biol. 7(3): 165-167.
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Schwoerbel, G. (1970). Methods of Hydrobiology (Freshwater Biology) Pergman Press: 200 pp.
Sharma, J. (1999). Effect of industrial wastes and sewage on abiotic and biotic (plankton and macrophyte) compo-nents of Behlol nullah, Jammu. Ph. D. Thesis, Uni-versity of Jammu, Jammu.
Sharma, A. (2009). Hydrobiology of river Basantar at Samba. Ph. D Thesis University of Jammu, Jammu.
Sharma, S. , Kaushik, S. and Mathur, R. (1989). Pollution studies of Saank, Asaun and Kauri rivers in Madhya
Pradesh. In Management of ecosystems . U. P. Agar-wal, B. N. Desai and S. A. H. Abidi (Editors) Naren-dra Publishing House Delhi. 211-218.
Sharma, P., Sood, A., Sharma, S., Bisht, S., Kumar, V., Pandey, P., Gusain, M. P. and Gusain, O. P. (2010). Bacterial indicators of faecal pollution and physio-chemical assessment of important North Indian lakes. RMZ-Mate. & Geoenviron., 57: 25–40.
Sharma, S. Bajracharya, R. M. , Situala, B. K. and Merz, J. (2005). Water quality in the central Himalaya. Cur-rent Sci.81: 774-784.
Slathia, D. Dutta, S.P.S. (2013) Hydrobiological study of a subtropical Shivalik Lake, Jammu, J &K (India). Environmental and Biological Sciences,1(1): 143-148
Vass, K.K., Raina, H.S., Zutshi, D.P. and Khan, M.A. (1977). Hydrobiological studies of river Jhelum. Geobios., 4(6): 238-248.
Vashisht, H.S. (1984). Bioindicators of waste waters. Paper presented in the seminar on “ Status of Environ-mental Pollution in Punjab” , held on November, 1. 1984 at PAU. Ludhiana: 62-64.
Vasisht, H.S. and Sra, G.S. (1979). The biological character-istics of Chandigarh waste waters in relation to physic-chemical factors . Proc. Sym. Env. Biology : 429-440.
Verma, S.R. and Dalela, R.C. (1975). Studies on the pollu-tion of Kalinadi by industrial wastes near Mansurpur, part II. Biological index of pollution and biological characteristics of the river. Acta Hydrochim. Hydro-biol., 3: 252-274.
Welch, P.S. (1948). Limnological Methods.Published by McGraw Hill Book Co. Inc. New York.
Welch, P.S. (1951). Limnology Reprint 2010. Narendra Pub-lishing House Delhi-110006 (India)
Wetzel, R.G. (2000).Limnology. Lake and River Ecosys-tems. 3rd Ed. Academic Press: 841pp.
WHO (1991). The bacteriological quality of drinking. In : Guidelines for drinking water quality Vol. 2. Health criteria and other supporting information. Publ. by CBS Publishers and Distributors, Delhi.
Young, G.W. (1945). A limnological investigation of perihy-ton in Douglas lake, Michigan. Trans. Am. Micr. Soc. , 64: 1-20.
Zutshi, N. (1992). Effect of Jammu city sewage on abiotic and biotic factors of the river Tawi, Jammu.Ph. D. Thesis, University of Jammu, Jammu; 307pp.
Battish, S.K. (1992). Freshwater zooplankton of India. Ox-ford and IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. , New Delhi.
BIS (1991). Indian standard specifications for drinking water IS: 10500-91 (Bureau of Indian Standards) New Delhi: 1-4.
BMH (1957). The bacteriological examinations of water supplies. Report No. 7, British Ministry of Health, London, U.K.
Cole, G.A. (1975). A text book of Limnology. The G.V. Mosby company. Saint Louis. 3283 pp.
CPCB (1992). A system for surface water classification, Indian. Central Pollution Control Board, New Delhi.
Dogra,S. and Kaw,J.L. (1989). Industrial effluents and aquatic ecosystem : A toxicological overview in Manual.
Dutta, S.P.S. (1978). Limnology of Gadigarh stream (Miran Sahib, Jammu) with special reference to consumers inhabiting the stream. Ph. D. Thesis, University of Jammu, Jammu.
Dutta, S.P.S. (1983). On some fresh water Rhizopoda from Jammu Part-1, J. Univ. Review (Science), 1: 91-94.
Dutta, S.P.S (2012) Limnology of the river Chenab at Akhnoor, Jammu. Project Report submitted to the UGC, New Dehli.
Dutta, S.P.S. , Zutshi, N and Puri, A. (1990). Ecology of protozoans from some pools present along the sides of the river Tawi, near Nagrota, Jammu. J. Hy-droboil., 6 (1): 19-24.
Dutta, S.P.S. , Kumar , S. and Kumari, V. (1991). Seasonal fluctuations in protozoans in Kunjwani pond, Jammu. Geobios new Reports. 10 : 121-124
Dutta, S.P.S., Bali, J.P.S., Kour, H. and Sharma, I.D.(2001). Hydrobiology of river Basantar an important tribu-tary of the river Ravi. J. Aquatic Biol., 16(1-2): 41-44.
Dutta, S.P.S., Malhotra, Y.R. , Gupta, S.C. and Shekhar, C. (1999). Abiotic limnology and some biological as-pects of Schizothorax richardsonii (Gray and Hard) inhabiting Neeru nullah, Bhaderwah, District Doda ( J and K). J. Aqua. Biol. , 14(1-2): 39-42.
Dutta, S.P.S. and Verma, K.K. (2010). Zooplanktonic analy-sis of the river Chenab at Akhnoor, Jammu. The Eco-scan, 4(1): 123-28.
Edmondson, W. T. (1992) Fresh water biology. Jhon Willy and Sons, Newyork. 1248pp
Goldman, C.R. and Horne, A.J. (1983).Limnology. Mc. Graw Hill International Book Company, New Delhi.
Hutchinson, G.E. (1957). A Treatise on Limnology.Vol. I H.J. Wiley., New York: 1015 pp.
Jhingran, V.G. (1991). Fish and Fisheries of India. Hindustan Publishing Corporation, Delhi: 727 pp.
Kachroo, P. and Suri, B.L. (1987). A decade of pollution in Dal Lake (Kashmir ) Key note address delivered at 8th session of AFB and Symposium at Jammu, Acad-emy of Environmental Biology.
Katiyar, S.K. (1995). Limnological studies on Bhopal lakes 1: Prtozoan fauna of polymictic and homothermal lake. J. Freshwater Biol., 7(3): 159-163.
Koul, V. (1999). Effect of industrial wastes and sewage on abiotic and biotic (macrobenthos and fish) compo-nents of Behlolnullah, Jammu. Ph. D. Thesis, Uni-versity of Jammu, Jammu.
Kudo, R.R. (1986). Protozology. Published by Books and Periodical Corporation (India): 1174 pp.
Nair, K.N. , Das, A.K. and Mukherjee, B.N. (1971). On some freshwater Rhizopoda and Helizoa (Protozoa) from Calcutta and its environs. Part I. Rec. Zool. Surv. , India, 65 (1-4): 1-16.
Pandita, R.N. (2005). Survey report on fisheries resources of district Udhampur, Department of Fisheries, J &K Government.
Patel, S and Singh, S. (2014). Seasonal variation of phyto-plankton and zooplanktonin Beehar river, Riwa(M.P.) India. Journal of Applied Research, 4(9): 558-560
Pennak, R.W. (1978). Fresh water Invertebrates of the United States. IInd ed. John Wiley and Sons, New York: 803 pp.
Rathore, V. (2009). Hydrobiology of Ujh river, Kathua ( J & K). Ph. D Thesis. University of Jammu, Jammu.
Reid, G.K. and Wood, R.D. (1976). Ecology of Inland Wa-ters and Estuaries. D. Van Norstrand Company, New York.: 485 pp.
Ricci, N (1995). Pollution and Biomonitoring. B.C. Rana (Ed.) Tata Mc Graw Hill Publishing Company Ltd. Protozoa Bioindicators of Env. Monitoring and Pol-lution on Control : 240-269.
Sah, J. P., Sah , S. K. Acharya , P. , Pani, D. and Lance , V. A. (2000). Assessment of the water pollution in the Narayarni river, Nepal. Intt. J. Ecol and Environ. Sci., 26: 235-252.
Saxena, D.N. and Mishra, S.R. (1990). On the planktonic fauna of industrial waste water from Birlanagar industrial complex, Gwalior, India. Geo bios new Reports. 9: 186-188.
Sanjeev, L.R. and Sharma, U.P. (1995). Community struc-ture of plankton and their periodicity in Kawar lake, wetland, Begusarai, Bihar. II Zooplankton J. Fresh-water Biol. 7(3): 165-167.
Saron, T. and Bijen Meitei, L. (2013). Seasonal variation in zooplankton population with reference of water qual-ity of Lril river in Imphal. Current World Environ-ment. 8(1): 133-141
Schwoerbel, G. (1970). Methods of Hydrobiology (Freshwater Biology) Pergman Press: 200 pp.
Sharma, J. (1999). Effect of industrial wastes and sewage on abiotic and biotic (plankton and macrophyte) compo-nents of Behlol nullah, Jammu. Ph. D. Thesis, Uni-versity of Jammu, Jammu.
Sharma, A. (2009). Hydrobiology of river Basantar at Samba. Ph. D Thesis University of Jammu, Jammu.
Sharma, S. , Kaushik, S. and Mathur, R. (1989). Pollution studies of Saank, Asaun and Kauri rivers in Madhya
Pradesh. In Management of ecosystems . U. P. Agar-wal, B. N. Desai and S. A. H. Abidi (Editors) Naren-dra Publishing House Delhi. 211-218.
Sharma, P., Sood, A., Sharma, S., Bisht, S., Kumar, V., Pandey, P., Gusain, M. P. and Gusain, O. P. (2010). Bacterial indicators of faecal pollution and physio-chemical assessment of important North Indian lakes. RMZ-Mate. & Geoenviron., 57: 25–40.
Sharma, S. Bajracharya, R. M. , Situala, B. K. and Merz, J. (2005). Water quality in the central Himalaya. Cur-rent Sci.81: 774-784.
Slathia, D. Dutta, S.P.S. (2013) Hydrobiological study of a subtropical Shivalik Lake, Jammu, J &K (India). Environmental and Biological Sciences,1(1): 143-148
Vass, K.K., Raina, H.S., Zutshi, D.P. and Khan, M.A. (1977). Hydrobiological studies of river Jhelum. Geobios., 4(6): 238-248.
Vashisht, H.S. (1984). Bioindicators of waste waters. Paper presented in the seminar on “ Status of Environ-mental Pollution in Punjab” , held on November, 1. 1984 at PAU. Ludhiana: 62-64.
Vasisht, H.S. and Sra, G.S. (1979). The biological character-istics of Chandigarh waste waters in relation to physic-chemical factors . Proc. Sym. Env. Biology : 429-440.
Verma, S.R. and Dalela, R.C. (1975). Studies on the pollu-tion of Kalinadi by industrial wastes near Mansurpur, part II. Biological index of pollution and biological characteristics of the river. Acta Hydrochim. Hydro-biol., 3: 252-274.
Welch, P.S. (1948). Limnological Methods.Published by McGraw Hill Book Co. Inc. New York.
Welch, P.S. (1951). Limnology Reprint 2010. Narendra Pub-lishing House Delhi-110006 (India)
Wetzel, R.G. (2000).Limnology. Lake and River Ecosys-tems. 3rd Ed. Academic Press: 841pp.
WHO (1991). The bacteriological quality of drinking. In : Guidelines for drinking water quality Vol. 2. Health criteria and other supporting information. Publ. by CBS Publishers and Distributors, Delhi.
Young, G.W. (1945). A limnological investigation of perihy-ton in Douglas lake, Michigan. Trans. Am. Micr. Soc. , 64: 1-20.
Zutshi, N. (1992). Effect of Jammu city sewage on abiotic and biotic factors of the river Tawi, Jammu.Ph. D. Thesis, University of Jammu, Jammu; 307pp.
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Monthly variations in physico-chemical characteristics of water, MPN index and zooplankton of Devak stream, at Shiv temple complex, Udhampur, Jammu ( J & K), India. (2014). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 6(2), 816-824. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v6i2.542
