Biochemical analysis of Psophocarpus tetrgonolobus L. (Winged bean) and its role on restoration of degraded land of Raniganj and Barjora coalmine areas of West Bengal, India
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
Abstract
To meet the growing demands of energy, continuous supply of coal is necessary because coal is the primary source of energy. About 70% of coal mining is being done by open cast methods which is most destructive activity and it severely damages the ecosystem. Reclamation of degraded land is therefore necessary after any mining activity. The biochemical parameters like Chlorophyll, carbohydrate and protein content of Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (Winged bean) studied here were considered as measure to test the suitability of Winged bean in various soil-OB dump compositions (P1 to P5). The findings revealed that biochemical property like chlorophyll and protein content of Winged bean was retained up to 1:1 soil-OB dump condition but after that it was decreased significantly whenever OB dump composition was increased. Chlorophyll content of the plant in P1 to P3 condition was 8.2, 8.17 and 8.02 mg/100 gm respectively but it was decreased significantly in P3 and P4 condition, i.e. 7.72 & 7.47 mg/100gm respectively. Carbohydrate content of the plant in P1 to P3 condition was 3.72, 3.7 and 3.61 gm/100 gm respectively but it again decreased significantly in P3 and P4 condition, i.e. 3.32 & 3.1 gm/100gm respectively. In spite of these findings, seeds of winged bean contained high protein and rest of the plant parts were also very important as food and fodder and this plant was able to grow on less water condition which made it suitable for the land restoration of degraded mining land both from ecological and socio-economic point of view.
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
Barjora, Coal mine, Land reclamation, Psophocarpus tetragonolobus, Raniganj
Adeyeye, E.I. (1995). Studies on the chemical composition and functional properties of african yam bean (Sphenostylis sternocarpa) flour. Ph.D thesis of Federal University of Technology, Akura, Nigeria.
Anjali and Choudhary, S.B. (2012). Germination of different Jatropha species on mine spoils of Jharia coalfield. Columban J. Life Sc., 13(1&2):106-108.
Aletor, V.A. and Aladetimin, O.O. (1989). Proximate composition of some under utilized Nigeria legums. Die Nahrung, 33:999-1007.
Arnon, D.I. (1949). Copper enzyme polyphenoloxides in isolated chloroplast in Beta vulgaris. Plant physiology, 24: 1-15.
Chaoji, V. (2002). Environmental challenges and the future of Indian coal; J. Mines, Metals and Fuels, 11: 257–262.
Cherfas, J. (1992). Trees help nature reclaim the slag heaps. New Sci., 14(15):24–29.
Cunnigham, S. D. and Berti, W. R. (1993). The remediation of contaminated soils with green plants: An overview; In: Vitro Cell. Deve. Biol., J. Tissue Cult. Assoc., 29: 207–212.
Deka Boruah, H. P., Rabha, B. K., Pathak, N. and Gogoi, J. (2008). Non-uniform patchy stomatal closure of a plant is a strong determinant of plant growth under stressful situation. Curr. Sci., 94: 1310–1314.
Dobson, A.P., Bradshaw, A.D., and Baker, A.J.M. (1997). Hopes for the future: Restoration Ecology and Conservation Biology. Science, 277:515.
Garcia, V.V. and Palmar, O. (1980). Proximate analysis of five varieties of Winged beans. J. Of Food Technology, 15: 469-476.
Gupta, K.C., Sing, R.S. and Mishra, P.K. (2002). Winged bean an under exploited but potential crop for Jharkhand region. Proc. of National seminar on “The implication of latest Technique for the development of Agriculture in Jharkhand”. March, 23-24 Chas, Bokaro.
Ghosh, M.K. (2004). Effect of opencast mining on soil fertility. J. Sci. Indust. Res., 63: 1006–1009.
Gogoi, J., Pathak, N., Dowrah, J. and Deka Boruah, H. P. (2007). In situ selection of tree species in environmental restoration of opencast coalmine wasteland. Proceedings of Int. Sem. on MPT 2007, Allied Publisher, pp 678–681.
Gonzalez, R.C. and Gonzalez-Chavez, M.C.A. (2006). Metal accumulation in wild plants surrounding mining wastes: Soil and sediment remediation (SSR). Environ. Poll., 144: 84–92.
Gupta, K.C., Mishra, P.K. and Sing, R.S. (2004). Performance study of Amaranthus on mine spoil . Indian J. Environ & Ecoplan, 8(1): 143-145.
Hodge, J.E. and Hofreiter B.T. (1962). Determination of reducing sugars and carbohydrates in analysis of sugars. In: Methods in carbohydrate chemistry (Eds. by Whistler, R.L. and BeMiller, J.N.J., Academic press, New York).
Juwarkar, A.A. and Jumbalkar, H. P. (2008). Phytoremediation of coal mine spoil dump through integrated biotechnological approach. Biores. Technol., 99: 4732–4741.
Kaushik, P.K., Tripathi, Y.C., and Pandey, B.K. (2005). Potential of Bamboo in Vegetative embankment. The Indian For., 131(11): 1409-1416.
Loewus, F.A. (1952). Improvement in anthrone method for determination of carbohydrate. Anal. Chem, 24:219.
Mendez, M.O. and Maier, R.M. (2008). Phytostabilization of mine tailings in arid and semiarid environments – An emerging remediation technology; Environ. Health Prospect., 116: 278–283.
Maiti, S.K. (2007). Bioremediation of coalmine overburden dumps with special emphasis in micronutrients and heavy metals accumulation in tree species; Environ. Monit. Assess. 125:111–122.
Mishra, P.K. (1998). Introduction and performance of some under exploited plant species o n mine spoil. XI NCME - Environmental status of mine area. 130-134.
Pearson, D. (1976). The chemical analysis of food. 7th edition. Churchill Livingstone, London and New York.
Pal, B.K. (2003). Health and safety risk assessment in environmental management of mining operations. J. Mines, Metals and Fuels, 51(7–8):245–250.
Raju, K.S. and Hassan, M. (2003). Role of Indian Bureau of Mines in protection of environment in the minerals sector. J. Mines, Metals and Fuels, 51(6):196–200.
Singh, S.K., Singh, S.J. and Devi, N.R. (2013). The Winged bean: A vegetable crop of Amazing Potential. Annals of Horticulture, 6(1):159-160.
Sinha, A.K. (2012). Performance study of Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (Winged bean) for land reclamation in coalmine area of Raniganj, West Bengal. Columban J. Life Sci, 13(1&2):73-75.
Sinha, A.K. (2013). Reclamation of mining degraded land by introduction of some under exploited plants in Raniganj and Barjora coal field of West Bengal, India. Plant Science Feed, 3(10):109-116.
Sumati, R.N. and Rajagopal, M.V. (1989). Fundamental of Food and Nutrition. Wiley Eastern Limited.
Tiwary, R.K. (2001). Environmental impact of coal mining on water regime and its management. Water, air and Soil Pollution, 132: 185–199.
Wong, M.H. (2003). Ecological restoration of mine degraded soils, with emphasis on metal contaminated soils. Chemosphere, 50: 775–780.
This work is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) © Author (s)
